模塊3 Unit 1 The world of our senses一、閱讀理解。If youre making determination for a healthier new year, consider a gut makeover(腸道清理)Changing your microbe munity(微生物群)，however, may not be easy，and nobody knows how long it might take.Thats because the ecosystem already established in your gut determines how it absorbs and processes nutrients.So if the microbe munity in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example，it wont respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more varied microbe munity.“The nutritional value of food is influenced in part by the microbe munity that encounters that food，” said Dr Jeffrey Gordon，the senior author of the new paper and director of the Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis.“Nutritional ponents of a healthy diet have to be viewed from the inside out，” he said，“not just the outside in.”O(jiān)ne of the questions the study set out to answer was how individuals with different diets respond when they try to improve their eating habits.The scientists harvested gut bacteria from humans，transplanted them into mice bred under germfree conditions，and then fed the mice either Americanstyle or plantbased diets.The scientists then analyzed changes in the mices microbe munities.Of interest，the scientists harvested the gut bacteria from people who followed sharply different diets.One group ate a fairly typical American diet，consuming about 3 000 calories a day，high in animal proteins with few fruits and vegetables.Some of their favorite foods were processed cheese and lunch meat.The other group consisted of people who were calorierestricted.They ate less than 1 800 calories a day and had carefully tracked what they ate for at least two years，sticking to a mostly plantbased diet and consuming far less animal protein than the other group，a third fewer carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and only half the fat.This calorierestricted group，the researchers found，had a far richer and more diverse microbe munity in the gut than those eating a typical American diet.They also carried several kinds of“good” bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plantbased diet.“Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe munity is to eat more fiber by consuming more fruit，vegetables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds，” said Meghan Jardine，a dietitian who was not involved in the current study but has published articles on promoting healthy microbe munities.She urges people to aim for 40 to 50 grams of fiber daily，well above levels remended by most dietary guidelines.1What can we know from the first two paragraphs?AChanging microbiome is fairly easy.BEcosystem in gut is shaped by carbohydrates.CNutritional ponents are determined by food intake.DAs to healthy diets，microbe munity shaped by vegetables and fruit respond more quickly than that shaped by junk food.2What can we learn about Meghan Jardine?AShe suggests eating as little as possible.BShe attaches great importance to fiber.CShe is one of the researchers of the current study.DShe advocates consuming more meat in daily life.3Whats the authors attitude toward gut makeover?AConcerned.BOpposed.CIndifferent. DNervous.4Which is the best title for the text?AMicrobe munity in our gutBA gut makeover for the new yearCDietary guidelines for daily dietsDThe best way towards a healthier microbe munity【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了清理腸道的原因及具體做法。長難句分析：They also carried several kinds of“good”bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plantbased diet.(第四段最后一句)分析：這是一個復(fù)合句。known to promote health是過去分詞作后置定語，修飾bacteria；that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞bacteria。譯文：它們還攜帶好幾種已知能促進健康的有益菌，這些有益菌是他們吃的素食中獨有的。詞匯積累：determination n決心establish v建立absorb v吸收ponent n組成部分transplant v移植consume v消費，消耗1D推理判斷題。So if the microbe munity in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example, it wont respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more varied microbe munity.(第一段最后一句)譯文：所以如果你腸道里的微生物群是由漢堡和披薩組成的日常飲食塑造而成，它產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)的速度就不會像一個由蔬菜和水果塑造的腸道那么快，因為后者擁有更多樣化的微生物群。解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推知，對于健康飲食，由蔬菜和水果形成的微生物群比垃圾食品形成的微生物群起效快。故選D。2B細節(jié)理解題。Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe munity is to eat more fiber by consuming more fruit, vegetables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds.(最后一段第一句)譯文：或許形成更健康的微生物群的最佳方式是通過吃更多的水果、蔬菜、全麥?zhǔn)称芬约皥怨蛑参锓N子來攝入更多纖維解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，Meghan Jardine認(rèn)為纖維很重要。故選B。3A觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)作者在第二段引用的華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院Jeffrey Gordon博士的話以及最后一段引用的營養(yǎng)師Meghan Jardine的話可推斷出，作者很關(guān)注腸道清理。A項意為“關(guān)心的”；B項意為“反對的”；C項意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；D項意為“緊張的”。故選A。4B標(biāo)題概括題。第一段就點明了文章的主題，即“進行腸道清理可以讓人更健康”。接下來的四段內(nèi)容都是圍繞腸道清理這個主題，包括清理腸道的原因、所做的實驗以及如何清理腸道。B項能概括文章的主題，適合做標(biāo)題。故選B。二、單項填空1.The moment he came into his room, he _ something wrong, though he couldnt tell.A. noticedB. sensedC. feltD. smelt【答案】B 2.Before the camps, the kids might have thought Americans are difficult to _, but through the experience during the camps, they know Americans are very friendly. A. recognize B. acknowledge C. approach D. confirm【答案】C【解析】句意：在參加夏令營之前，孩子們可能覺得美國人很難接近，但通過在夏令營里的經(jīng)歷，他們知道美國人是很友好的。recognize 認(rèn)出，辨認(rèn)出；acknowledge承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；approach 接近，靠近；confirm確定，證實。3.The President _ the womans service to her country by awarding her a medal.A. accepted B. recognized C. declared D. realized【答案】B【解析】accept接受；recognize認(rèn)可，認(rèn)出；declare 宣布，聲稱；realize實現(xiàn)，意識到。recognize sth “認(rèn)可, 承認(rèn)”。句意：總統(tǒng)肯定了這位婦女對國家所做出的工作，授予了她一枚勛章。4.The river runs clear.We all appreciate the importance the local government has _ the environmental protection.A. attached to B. left for C. responded to D. learnt from【答案】A【解析】句意：“這條小溪很清澈。”“我們都很感激當(dāng)?shù)卣畬Νh(huán)境保護給予重視?！盿ttach importance to doing/something重視，著重于，對給予重視；left for動身前往某地；responded to響應(yīng)；leant from向?qū)W習(xí)。5.An appropriately dressed speaker is more _ to leave a pleasant impression on the audience.A. capable B. probableC. possible D. likely【答案】D6.The doctor _ at the patient quickly and rang for an ambulance immediately.A. glanced B. glaredC. gazed D. stared【答案】A【解析】句意：快速看了一眼病人之后，這位醫(yī)生立即打電話叫了一輛救護車。glance at匆匆地看一眼；glare at怒目而視；gaze at(因驚訝、喜悅或有興趣而)注視，凝視；stare at(因吃驚、恐懼等而)盯著看。7.See, your puter has broken down again! It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of puter just to save a few dollars. A. haveB. makeC. displayD. bring【答案】B【解析】句意：看看，你的電腦又壞了！只為省幾美元買最便宜牌子的電腦是沒有意義的。make sense有意義。8.After a 5-minute discussion, we came up with a better _ to the math problem.A. access B. way C. approach D. aspect【答案】C8.We hadnt seen each other for years and he had changed a great deal, so I didnt _ him at first.A. realizeB. repeat C. knowD. recognize【答案】D【解析】句意：我們已經(jīng)好幾年沒見過面了，而且他改變了許多，因此剛開始的時候我都認(rèn)不出他來了。recognize認(rèn)出，識別，符合句意。10.The 22nd APEC summit has e to an end, but the Chinese elements _ the meetings have drawn widespread attention from the public. A. absorbed in B. concerned about C. modeled after D. attached to 【答案】D【解析】absorbed in專心致志于；concerned about對關(guān)心；modeled after效仿；attached to (使)依附于，使相關(guān)。句意：第22屆亞太經(jīng)合組織會議落下了帷幕，但是與這次會議有關(guān)的中國元素受到公眾的普遍關(guān)注。11.Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is _ to rain soon.A. probably B. possiblyC. likely D. perhaps【答案】C【解析】句意：看，天上烏云密布，可能很快就要下雨了。probably很可能；possibly大概，也許；likely可能的；perhaps也許，大概。likely是形容詞，It/sb. is likely to do sth.很有可能做某事。12.He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly _ me and said quietly, "Why are you _ me like that?"A. gazed at, glaring atB. stared at, gazing atC. glanced at, staring atD. looked at, glancing at【答案】C【解析】glance at瞥一眼，匆匆看一下；stare at睜大眼睛凝視、盯著或瞪著看。句意：他一定是注意到我在看著他。他突然朝我看了一眼，然后輕聲問道：“你為什么要那樣盯著我看？”13. Jack is _ go to school, so his mother has to stay at home to look after him.A. young enough to B. old enough to C. too young to D. very old to【答案】C【解析】tooto“太而不能”的結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)so his mother has to stay at home to look after him可知他太小而不能去上學(xué)(所以他的母親不得不呆在家里來照看他)，所以選C。注意：“Jack is old enough to go to school”的意思是：杰克已經(jīng)到了上學(xué)的年齡。14.Do you regret paying 20,000 dollars for the second-hand car?Not a bit. I think it deserves _.A. as more than twice many B. more than twice as muchC. more than as twice much D. more than twice as many【答案】B15.Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying answered the question _ China has confidence in the success of its new round of reforms.A. whatB. whetherC. thatD. when【答案】B 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，作question的同位語，從句在結(jié)構(gòu)上很完整，排除代詞what。句意：外交部女發(fā)言人華春瑩回答了中國對新一輪改革的成功是否有信心這一問題。三、完形填空From childhood，Moira loved to write. Throughout school she 1 writing, but pursuing(追求) it 2 was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, her mother a nurse.“Medicine was a fairly 3 option，” Moira says. “And writing was a career where it wasnt a 4 that youd have high ine.”She became a doctor but still wanted to do some writing. However, being a doctor was so 5 that she didnt take up writing until her thirties. She 6 a novela fictionalized version of her travels in China after university. She got excellent 7 . Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find, and found one who wanted to 8 her. Suddenly, it seemed she was on her 9 as an author.“I had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we 10 all possible areas she thought needed 11 I worked on those and sent it back to her but didnt hear anything.” It was not long 12 Moira found another agent who was 13 if she was willing to rewrite it from the first person to the third person. She did the hard work and sent it off again. “I got back a really brief letter：Thank you, Im no longer interested. It was really 14 ”A decade went by, and Moira found herself eager to write again, this time 15 for her own enjoyment. She 16 herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. “The characters 17 a life of their own; they started doing things I hadnt thought about. It just 18 out.” One day, an agent called from Australia. Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March.“ 19 it hadnt been published I still gained so much from the 20 ，” says Moira.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文通過Moira愛好寫作并堅持寫作的故事告訴我們：每個人都要為實現(xiàn)自己的夢想而去努力嘗試，只有經(jīng)歷過才能夠有所得，在追求的過程中不要過于擔(dān)心結(jié)果，只有這樣才能成功。1A.learntBavoidedCconsideredDenjoyedD解析：根據(jù)首句“From childhood，Moira loved to write.”可知，從童年開始，Moira就愛好寫作；由此推斷，在上學(xué)期間，她仍然喜歡(enjoyed)寫作。2A.activelyBprofessionallyCenergeticallyDpermanentlyB解析：根據(jù)生活常識及該句中的關(guān)鍵詞“never a possibility”可知，把寫作當(dāng)作職業(yè)來追求幾乎是不可能的。actively“積極地”；professionally“作為職業(yè)地”；energetically“精力充沛地”；permanently“永久地”。3A.influentialBexplicitCterribleDsafeD解析：根據(jù)空處前一句“Her father was a doctor，her mother a nurse.”可知，她的父母會給予她醫(yī)學(xué)方面很多的幫助，所以Moira認(rèn)為醫(yī)學(xué)是一個十分安全的(safe)選擇。4A.dream BpurposeCchoiceDcertaintyD解析：根據(jù)空后的“youd have high ine”可知，Moira也認(rèn)為寫作是一個不一定能帶來高收入的職業(yè)。certainty“確定的事”，符合語境，所以選項D正確。5A.promisingBdiscouragingCdemandingDinterestingC解析：根據(jù)空后的“she didnt take up writing until her thirties”可知，醫(yī)生是一個要求很高的職業(yè)，因此她直到三十多歲才開始寫作。promising“有希望的，有前途的”；discouraging“使人泄氣的”；demanding“苛刻的，要求高的”；interesting“有趣的”。所以選項C正確。6A.producedBintroducedCboughtDreceivedA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，她以大學(xué)畢業(yè)后在中國的旅游經(jīng)歷為背景創(chuàng)作了一本小說。produce“創(chuàng)作，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生”；introduce“介紹”；buy“買”；receive“收到”。所以選項A正確。7A.rewards BreadersCreviews DpraisesC解析：根據(jù)該段最后一句“Suddenly，it seemed she was on her as an author.”可以判斷，這部小說寫出來后，她得到了極好的評論。reward“報酬”；reader“讀者”；review“評論”；praise“贊揚”。所以選項C正確。8A.employBrepresentCtrustDguideB解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在眾多的代理人中有一個人愿意代理出版這本小說。employ“雇用，使用”；represent“代表，代理”；trust“信任”；guide“指導(dǎo)”。所以選項B正確。9A.ownBfeetCwayDbusinessC解析：根據(jù)語境可知，她似乎突然就要成為作家了。on ones way“即將到達或發(fā)生”，所以選項C正確。10A.took offBwent throughCpulled down Dcame overB解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Moira在電話中與代理人就小說中所有代理人認(rèn)為需要潤色(polishing)的地方進行了仔細琢磨(went through)。take off“脫下，起飛”；go through“仔細察看，仔細琢磨”；pull down“拆毀，推翻”；e over“過來，來訪”。所以選項B正確。11A.deletingBadaptingCpolishingDcoveringC解析：參見上題解析。delete“刪除”；adapt“適應(yīng)，改編”；polish“修改，潤色”；cover“覆蓋，報道”。所以選項C正確。12A.beforeBafterCsince DwhenA解析：根據(jù)上文中的“sent it back to her but didnt hear anything”可知，Moira重新把小說發(fā)給代理人但是沒有收到任何回復(fù)，不久之后Moira找到了另外一個代理人。句型It wasnt long before.意思是“不久之后”。所以選項A正確。13A.fascinatedBinterestedCanxiousDamusedB解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Im no longer interested”可知，此處指這位代理人對她的書感興趣。fascinated“入迷的”；interested“感興趣的”；anxious“焦急的，憂慮的”；amused“逗笑的”。所以選項B正確。14A.mon BabsurdCterrifyingDdisappointingD解析：從兩位代理人的態(tài)度可知，Moira這兩次都以失敗告終，所以這件事情肯定令她感到失望。mon“共同的”；absurd“荒謬的”；terrifying“令人恐懼的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。所以選項D正確。15A.purelyBwonderfullyCinstantlyDsadlyA解析：根據(jù)該句中的“found herself eager to write again.own enjoyment”可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己渴望再次寫作，而這次寫作僅僅(purely)是為了個人樂趣。purely“僅僅，純粹地”；wonderfully“非常好，非?！?；instantly“立即”；sadly“悲傷地”。所以選項A正確。 16.A.setBfoundCmadeDpermittedA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Moira向自己提出(set)了一個挑戰(zhàn)，寫一部驚險小說。find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；make“整理；進行”；permit“允許，許可”。所以選項A正確。17A.put upBtook onCwent overDgot downB解析：根據(jù)該句“The characters a life of their own；they started doing things I hadnt thought about.”可知，小說中的人物開始具有(took on)他們自己的生活。put up“建造；張貼”；take on“開始具有(某種特征、面貌等)”；go over“仔細檢查”；get down“下來；取下”。所以選項B正確。18A.flewBbrought Cbroke DcarriedA解析：根據(jù)下文可知，Moira的書得到了一位澳大利亞代理人的關(guān)注并順利出版；據(jù)此可以推斷，這部小說成功了。所以選項A正確。19A.Ever sinceBAs ifCIf onlyDEven ifD解析：根據(jù)語境可推斷出，即使(Even if)這部小說沒有出版，Moira仍然在這個過程(process)中得到許多。ever since“自從”；as if“好像，似乎”；if only“要是就好了”；even if“即使，盡管”。所以選項D正確。20A.adventureBpracticeCprocessDresultC解析：參見上題解析。adventure“冒險”；practice“實踐”；process“過程”；result“結(jié)果”。所以選項C正確。四、短文改錯。Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.答案：Jinan is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one. One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.