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專題一　詞類轉(zhuǎn)換和構(gòu)詞知識(+閱讀理解+七選五) A級　基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) Ⅰ.單句填空 1.(2018青海西寧二模)　　　　　　(actual),children learn violent behavior from adults or from what they see on television or on the Internet. 答案Actually 2.The animals,housed at Edinburgh Zoo and the National Centre for Chimpanzee Care in Texas,got to listen to works by Mozart,Beethoven and Justin Bieber.But none of them showed any 　　　　　　(prefer) for any kind of music. 答案preference 3.(2018山東青島二模)Having exercised for years,Ernestine did her first bodybuilding show and won her first 　　　　　　(pete). 答案petition 4.(2018福建寧德二模)But poachers(盜獵者) would choose 　　　　　　(simple) to kill them before taking the wool,which caused the number of Tibetan antelopes to drop rapidly. 答案simply 5.(2018山東濰坊三模)ing to China is one of the best 　　　　　　(decide) I’ve ever made in my life. 答案decisions 6.(2018河南洛陽三模)A growing number of foreigners hope to promote economic 　　　　　　(develop) in their home countries by highlighting(聚焦) the need for technological achievements like that of China. 答案development 7.It 　　　　　　(certain) seems that China’s enthusiasm for yoga isn’t going to cool down any time soon. 答案certainly 8.(2018河南鄭州三模)While studying at Cambridge University,he was diagnosed with motor neuron(運(yùn)動神經(jīng)元) disease at the age of 21.His 　　　　　　(ill) left him paralyzed and he was told he only had a short time to live. 答案illness 9.(2018四川綿陽三模)Recently,the people of Switzerland began telling stories about a 　　　　　　(mystery) figure who walked through the Maules Forest wearing camouflage(偽裝) and a gas mask. 答案mysterious 10.The local government has decided to 　　　　　　(length) the railway to the far west of the region. 答案lengthen Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.(2018山東威海二模)Dragons,however,are considered cruelly in western culture,which suggests westerners and Chinese have different understandings of the world. 答案cruelly→cruel 2.The next day,we arrived there with gifts we had prepared,and we received a warmly wele. 答案warmly→warm 3.(2018河北唐山三模)He is total addicted to poems and he recites it while waiting for food at restaurants. 答案total→totally 4.(2018湖北武漢二模)It suddenly rained heavy in the midnight and I felt cold. 答案heavy→heavily 5.(2018山東煙臺二模)So far,the book has been translated into many foreign languages.Unfortunate,he died in 1593. 答案Unfortunate→Unfortunately 6.For most of us,there will be quite a number of friends to make in our life.We get to meet all these difference faces at times. 答案difference→different 7.(2018遼寧沈陽二模)The exhibition was held annual to display the latest products in the field of education. 答案annual→annually 8.(2018云南高三復(fù)習(xí)統(tǒng)一檢測)The club was so popular that many students signed up for it.To be honestly,at that time I just followed them without thinking. 答案honestly→honest 9.(2018內(nèi)蒙古赤峰4月模擬)Sometimes,you go out with a group of friends and you can’ t decide where to go for dinner because everyone wants to order something differently. 答案differently→different 10.(2018安徽江淮十校4月聯(lián)考)However,many people can’t deal with pressure in an appropriate way so that they bee more anxiously. 答案anxiously→anxious B級　能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A (2018山東濟(jì)南二模) The Guggenheim Museum attempts to help educators connect students with art.It offers programs for educators,including free arts curricula,professional development courses and workshops,as well as professional meet and greets that pair artists with public school teachers throughout New York City. ?Visiting with your students The museum offers a variety of ways for educators and their students to visit,from self-guided tours to a guided experience. Guggenheim Museum Highlights Perfect for first-time visitors,the Highlights Tour focuses on the museum’s innovative architecture,history,and permanent collection. Special Exhibition This tour offers an opportunity to engage in a lively,in-depth exploration of one of our special exhibitions.Learn about the artistic processes and movements behind some of the most revolutionary artists of the modern and contemporary age. Custom Tour Tours can be customized to acmodate a variety of interests,learning styles and subject matter.Our gallery educators can create a one-of-a-kind experience tailored to your group’s needs. Lecturer’s Badge Conduct a group tour of up to 20 people. ?Arts curriculum online The Guggenheim produces free curriculum materials on exhibitions for educators to use both during school visits and in the classroom.While the material focuses on recent exhibitions,a prehensive range of lessons cover many works and artists in the museum’s collection. ?Learning through art Learning through art sends experienced teaching artists into New York City public schools where they work with classroom teachers to develop and facilitate art projects into the school curriculum. ?Education facilities Housed in the Sackler Center for Arts Education,the Guggenheim’s education facilities include studio art and multimedia labs,a theater,an exhibition gallery,and a conference room. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用廣告體文章。介紹了Guggenheim博物館為了讓學(xué)生接觸并學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù),為教育專家和學(xué)生們提供了各種各樣的藝術(shù)展覽活動,并免費(fèi)提供在線學(xué)習(xí)課程及教育設(shè)施。 1.Who are the museum’s programs intended for? 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Students. B.Parents. C.Educators. D.Artists. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The Guggenheim Museum attempts to help educators connect students with art.It offers programs for educators,...”可知,Guggenheim博物館是想幫助教育專家使學(xué)生接觸藝術(shù)而提供了各種各樣的服務(wù)項(xiàng)目。 2.Which tour can be designed based on your own interest? A.Custom Tour. B.Lecturer’s Badge. C.Special Exhibition. D.Guggenheim Museum Highlights. 答案A 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的“based on your own interest”是關(guān)鍵詞,意為“根據(jù)你自己的興趣”,通過尋讀,發(fā)現(xiàn)只有“Custom Tour”項(xiàng)目中的“customized to acmodate...”和“tailored to your group’s needs ”與關(guān)鍵詞同義,所以A項(xiàng)是最佳答案。 3.How do teaching artists help to make art projects into the school curriculum? A.By giving lessons online. B.By working with teachers. C.By providing free materials. D.By designing projects alone. 答案B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問:教育藝術(shù)怎樣幫助使得藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)入學(xué)校的課程?關(guān)鍵詞是:teaching artists,art projects,school curriculum。在“Learning through art”段落中找到了這些關(guān)鍵詞。“where they work with classroom teachers to develop and facilitate art projects into the school curriculum”是答案的信息點(diǎn)。 4.What can we do in the Sackler Center? A.Appreciate art works. B.Dine with your friends. C.Perform science experiments. D.Collect your favorite exhibits. 答案A 解析推理判斷題。題干問:我們在Sackler Center可以做什么?關(guān)鍵詞是Sackler Center。在最后一段找到這個關(guān)鍵詞。這個中心提供的教育設(shè)施有:藝術(shù)多媒體實(shí)驗(yàn)室、劇院、展覽館和會議室。根據(jù)“an exhibition gallery”可推知,我們可在這兒欣賞藝術(shù)作品。D項(xiàng)是干擾項(xiàng),它的意思是“搜集最喜歡的展品”,違背常識。 B (2018湖南郴州二模) Zach Bonner knows just how far trying can get you.Earlier this month the eleven-year-old pleted his biggest charity project to date.He walked almost two thousand kilometers from his home in Florida to Washington D.C.to raise money for homeless children in America.Zach called his project “From My House to the White House”.He carried a message to the American president and lawmakers.He asked for help for the homeless children in the United States.The walk raised tens of thousands of dollars for Zach’s cause. His mother says Zach has always enjoyed munity service work.It began when Hurricane Charley hit Florida in 2014.Zach decided to help victims by walking around his area with his little red wagon collecting and giving out bottles of water.He got the nickname “Little Red Wagon Boy”.Now,“Little Red Wagon” is the name of Zach’s foundation.It has raised money for playgrounds and shelters for homeless children.Zach also gives out thousands of backpacks.He fills each “Zachpac” with a toy,personal cleaning supplies,socks,sewing supplies,a first-aid kit and food. Zach has won many awards,met several presidents and been on television.But that is not why he wants to help people.Zach Bonner says if you have a good heart you have to use it.And,he says,charity work is a lot of fun. Eighteen-year-old Christina Johnson and her older sister Geneva started their project,“Bring It On” in the Bronx area of New York City in 2014.They wanted to improve the place where they lived.The area was so dangerous that their parents would not let them play outside. The girls started a program to empower children in their munity.“Bring It On” organizes volunteers to clean up waste in the area.The group also holds classes and talks on health,leadership,how to set up small businesses and other issues.“Bring It On” receives money and other support from local businesses and other sponsors. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道類文章。介紹了美國青少年發(fā)起的兩項(xiàng)幫助他人的慈善工程。 5.Which of the following is NOT true about Zach Bonner? A.He had persuaded his mother to work with him. B.His walk helped raise a large amount of money. C.He won his nickname by helping the victims with a little red wagon. D.He enjoyed himself in doing munity service work. 答案A 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問:哪一個選項(xiàng)不正確。做此題宜用排除法。第一段中的“The walk raised tens of thousands of dollars for Zach’s cause.”表明B項(xiàng)正確;根據(jù)第二段中的“...He got the nickname ‘Little Red Wagon Boy’.”可知C項(xiàng)正確;根據(jù)第二段中的第一句“His mother says Zach has always enjoyed munity service work.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。而A項(xiàng)在前兩段中沒有相關(guān)信息。 6.Why was Zach Bonner’s foundation started? A.To ask the American president and lawmakers for help. B.To win awards and appear on television. C.To have a lot of funwith other people. D.To raise money for homeless children. 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問:Zach Bonner為什么創(chuàng)建基金會?關(guān)鍵詞是why,foundation和started。通過尋讀在第二段中找到關(guān)鍵詞foundation所在的句子“Now,‘Little Red Wagon’ is the name of Zach’s foundation.”細(xì)讀后面的內(nèi)容“It has raised money for playgrounds and shelters for homeless children.”可知,Zach創(chuàng)建基金會的目的是為流浪兒童籌資。 7.What does the underlined phrase “empower children” in the last paragraph refer to? A.Give children the power to do anything. B.Take control of children. C.Enable children to live safely. D.Stop children playing with each other. 答案C 解析詞義猜測題。應(yīng)該在畫線詞所在句子的前后部分尋找答案信息。后面的內(nèi)容與該句是排比句,內(nèi)容無關(guān),而上一段的內(nèi)容“They wanted to improve the place where they lived.The area was so dangerous that their parents would not let them play outside.”卻告訴我們“The girls started a program to empower children in their munity.”的原因,故C項(xiàng)是最佳答案。 8.What can be inferred according to the text? A.“Little Red Wagon” and “Bring It On” are the nicknames of youths. B.Young people are leading the way in volunteering in the United States. C.The girls started their program to find lost children in their munity. D.Christina Johnson and Geneva are making efforts to raise money. 答案B 解析推理判斷題。題干問:根據(jù)文章,應(yīng)該推斷出什么?本文中第一層次介紹了11歲的Zach Bonner為流浪兒童籌資;第二層次介紹了18歲的Christina Johnson和她的姐姐創(chuàng)建了“Bring It On”工程,志愿清理垃圾、提供健康、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、創(chuàng)建生意方面的講座等等。從這兩個故事中,我們可以推知美國青少年的志愿者活動在美國起到了帶頭作用。A項(xiàng)中的“Little Red Wagon”是Zach的綽號,但“Bring It On”是不是Christina Johnson和Geneva的綽號文中沒有給出任何信息。最后一段中的第一句話“The girls started a program to empower children in their munity.”可知C項(xiàng)錯誤;Christina Johnson and Geneva的“Bring It On”是志愿者活動,不是籌資,屬張冠李戴錯誤。 Ⅳ.七選五 (2018河南新鄉(xiāng)三模) As new car prices continue to climb,you can find reliable but cheap used cars for sale.Many are readily available online,but car lots and local auto auctions(拍賣)also provide excellent sources for inexpensive vehicles.Here are the tips. Search online 　1　.Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists.Private sellers may offer considerably lower prices for their cars than a dealer and be more receptive to negotiation.You will find dealer lists on these sites as well. Visit local auctions Though many car auctions take place online,you still can find a cheap used car at a specialized auto auction.These auctions,available in many bigger cities,are the same ones where local dealers purchase cars for sale.　2　,so check with your local auto auction center to confirm. 　3　 Many organizations that manage a fleet of vehicles sell their used cars when they remove them from active service.Car rental panies frequently sell late model,relatively low mileage former rental cars for well below the price a dealer would charge for a similar vehicle.For a very cheap used car,consider browsing retired police cars and government surplus vehicles.　4　. Be prepared to negotiate 　5　,you will likely have the opportunity to negotiate for a lower sales price.When negotiating with a dealer,according to the financial magazine Forbes,you may be able to get the lowest possible price on the last day of the month,a day with poor weather,or late at night on the weekend.Negotiations with a private seller often are more direct and consist of simply offering your ideal and reasonable price. A.Consider retired vehicles B.Ask advice from local dealers C.These cars will help you save a lot D.Unless you buy your used car in an auction E.Rules can vary significantly from auction to auction F.When you find a chance to ask about the local situation G.Many private individuals start with online classified websites 答案1~5 GEACD