Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí).閱讀單詞知其意1solar adj.太陽(yáng)的；日光的2chain n. 鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈3dissolve vt.&vi. 溶解；解散4acid n. 酸5multiply vi.&vt.縱聯(lián)1 乘；增加6gravity n. 萬(wàn)有引力；重力7extinct adj. 滅絕的；絕種的8exhaust vt. 用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡9satellite n. 衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星10spaceship n. 宇宙飛船11physicist n. 物理學(xué)家12oxygen n. 氧.重點(diǎn)單詞寫(xiě)其形1atmosphere n. 大氣層；氣氛2fundamental adj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的3thus adv. 因此；于是4gentle adj. 溫和的；文雅的5climate n. 氣候6crash vi.&vt. 碰撞；墜落7pull n&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牽引力8float vi.&vt. (使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9system n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度10theory n. 學(xué)說(shuō)；理論.拓展單詞通其變1globe n球體；地球儀；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的2violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3unlike prep.與不同；不像 adj.不同的like vt.喜歡 prep.像dislike vt.不喜歡；討厭likely adj.可能的縱聯(lián)24harmful adj.有害的harm n&vt.傷害harmless adj.無(wú)害的縱聯(lián)35exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存6puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難 n謎；難題puzzled adj.困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的7religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠(chéng)的8biology n生物學(xué)biologist n生物學(xué)家biological adj.生物的；生物學(xué)的縱聯(lián)49reaction n反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)react v反應(yīng)縱聯(lián)1.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算大集合plus prep. 加；加上minus prep. 減n. 減號(hào)；負(fù)號(hào)multiply vi.&vt. 乘；增加divide v. 除；除以縱聯(lián)2.un前綴高頻形容詞集錦unlike不同的 unfair不公平的unimportant不重要的 unusual不尋常的unhappy不幸福的 unfortunate不幸運(yùn)的unsuccessful不成功的 untidy不整潔的縱聯(lián)3.以ful結(jié)尾的形容詞聚焦harmful有害的 useful有用的helpful有幫助的 powerful強(qiáng)大的careful小心的 faithful忠實(shí)的縱聯(lián)4.后綴ist名詞薈萃biologist生物學(xué)家 tourist旅游者；游客physicist物理學(xué)家 scientist科學(xué)家psychologist心理學(xué)家 pianist鋼琴家單元話題天文學(xué)子話題太空科技astronaut n. 宇航員telescope n. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡universe n. 宇宙rocket n. 火箭orbit n. (天體等的)運(yùn)行軌道m(xù)onitor vt. 監(jiān)測(cè)；監(jiān)控 data n. 資料；數(shù)據(jù)space station 太空站；空間站the outer space 外太空manned spaceship/spacecraft 載人飛船weather satellite 氣象衛(wèi)星space shuttle 航天飛機(jī)學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用1(2016四川高考閱讀C)In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous (土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony (殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. _ theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, _ making them into an interesting area of “l(fā)awlessness” in the world.寫(xiě)出本單元中與加彩詞意義相近的詞：exist在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~：In，與后面的theory搭配，意為理論上選詞填空：AbutBhoweverCthus2(2017江蘇高考閱讀D)Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have bee more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His notforprofit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as _ (float) libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other municating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (連接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.用float的適當(dāng)形式填空：floating寫(xiě)出加彩詞在句中的含義：太陽(yáng)的；日光的， solar panels意為太陽(yáng)能電池板寫(xiě)出加彩詞在句中的含義：基本的；基礎(chǔ)的高考采擷(二)寫(xiě)作中的詞匯應(yīng)用(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞補(bǔ)全句子)1(2018全國(guó)卷書(shū)面表達(dá))與西方風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣不同，如果你被邀請(qǐng)參加晚宴，準(zhǔn)時(shí)是有禮貌的。(unlike)Unlike_western_customs,_it_is_good_manners to be punctual if you are invited to attend a dinner party.2(2016江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))雖然許多人對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的負(fù)面影響感到困惑，但是現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票仍然受歡迎。(puzzled)While_many_people_are_puzzled at the negative side of the voting, Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑1harmful adj.有害的記牢(1)be harmful to sb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有害對(duì)某人有害 做某事沒(méi)有壞處練通單句語(yǔ)法填空As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first.These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are mon, causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.寫(xiě)美一句多譯眾所周知，吃太多垃圾食品對(duì)你的健康有害。What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is_harmful_to_your_health.(harmful)It is known to us that eating too much junk food does_harm_to_your_health.(harm n)2exist vi.存在；生存記牢(1)exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠為生there exists . 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存e into existence 產(chǎn)生；成立；開(kāi)始存在(3)existing adj. 現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)行的練通單句語(yǔ)法填空Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he is earning.The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school.用準(zhǔn)exist是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。寫(xiě)美翻譯句子眾所周知，年輕人和老年人之間存在代溝。As_is_known_to_us,_there_exists_a_generation_gap_between_the_young_and_the_old.3puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難；(使)困惑n.謎；難題記牢(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件讓某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 對(duì)迷惑不解(4)puzzling adj. 令人困惑的練通單句語(yǔ)法填空When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)She lost heart since she failed the exam, because her future was puzzling (puzzle)People have long puzzled over/about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.用準(zhǔn)過(guò)去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用來(lái)描述人的心理活動(dòng)以外，還可以用來(lái)修飾與人有關(guān)的一些名詞，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。寫(xiě)美翻譯句子事實(shí)上，困擾你的事情對(duì)于中國(guó)的許多父母來(lái)說(shuō)也是一個(gè)難題。What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_to_many_parents_in_China.詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .單詞拼寫(xiě)1Unlike (不像) his brother, he is talkative and has a sense of humour.2Accustomed to the climate (氣候) in the countryside, the old couple prefer not to move to the city.3They pletely ignored these problems as if they never existed (存在)4As is known to us, lack of sleep does great harm (傷害) to us students.5He was quite puzzled (困惑的) about what to do next, so he turned to his father for help.6The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (理論) must be based on facts.7Those anxious for reform say that the present system (系統(tǒng)) is not perfect.8He found something floating (漂浮) on the lake，which frightened him.9A truck went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus.10Some experts think reading is the fundamental (基本的) skill upon which school education depends.單句語(yǔ)法填空1He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion (religious) and only believes in himself.2As is known to us, the Peoples Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.3Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on earth.4He is one of the greatest physicists (physics) in the world and many people admire him very much.5The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1眾所周知，過(guò)量飲酒對(duì)我們的健康有害。(harmful)What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_our_health.2他相信和中國(guó)建立更加良好的關(guān)系對(duì)這一地區(qū)的繁榮發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。(fundamental)He believes better relations with China are_fundamental_to the wellbeing of the area.3這個(gè)地區(qū)的建筑物是否需要拆毀還存在爭(zhēng)議，人們?nèi)耘f在尋找著其他可能的解決方法。(pull)Whether the buildings in this area should_be_pulled_down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.4這次臺(tái)風(fēng)太猛烈了以至于損壞了許多小汽車(chē)、樹(shù)木甚至房子。(violent)The typhoon was_so_violent_that it destroyed many cars, trees and even houses.語(yǔ)境辨義根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出動(dòng)詞multiply的詞義1It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory._C_2In maths class the children are learning to multiply and divide._A_3Our problems have multiplied since last year._B_(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)1in_time及時(shí)；終于；遲早2lay_eggs 下蛋3give_birth_to 產(chǎn)生；分娩4in_ones_turn 輪到某人；接著5watch_out_for 串記1 密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防6cheer_up 感到高興；感到振奮7depend_on 依靠；取決于8break_out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)9prevent_._from 串記2 阻止；制止10block_out 串記3 擋住(光線)11now_that 既然12get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解同根短語(yǔ)串記串記1.表達(dá)“小心；當(dāng)心”的高頻短語(yǔ)聚焦watch out (for)小心；當(dāng)心 look out當(dāng)心take care小心 be careful小心串記2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多種表達(dá)prevent sb. from doing sth.stop sb.from doing sth.ban sb.from doing sth.keep sb.from doing sth.discourage sb.from doing sth.串記3.“動(dòng)詞out”短語(yǔ)薈萃block out擋住(光線) break out突發(fā)；爆發(fā)find out查出；弄明白 die out滅絕put out撲滅 run out用完let out泄露；發(fā)出(聲音) e out出版1solar system 太陽(yáng)系2begin with 從開(kāi)始；起源于3in all directions 朝四面八方4a chain reaction 連鎖反應(yīng)5make a trip into space 太空旅行6get close to 接近，靠近7step forward 朝前走，邁步向前8fall over 跌倒；摔倒1This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。3“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大聲說(shuō)，“既然重力改變了，看來(lái)走路也的確需要練一練了?！?We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的短語(yǔ)(補(bǔ)全句子/同義替換/選詞填空)1(2018全國(guó)卷閱讀B)If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent_them_turning_brown (阻止它們變成棕色)2(2017全國(guó)卷閱讀七選五)I must say that I have certainly e to enjoy camping. It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.(寫(xiě)出本單元與加黑詞意義相近的短語(yǔ))in_time3(20176月浙江高考完形)Her friends came to help her when the war _B_.Atook placeBbroke outChappened Dburst高考采擷(二)寫(xiě)作中的句式(補(bǔ)全句子)1(2018北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我詳細(xì)地解釋這個(gè)過(guò)程的每一步，這讓他們理解如何泡茶成為可能。(makeitadj.for sb. to do)I explained every step of the process in detail, which made it possible for them to understand how to make tea.2(2018全國(guó)卷書(shū)面表達(dá))這部短片講述了我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在，我們的學(xué)校是十年前的三倍大。(倍數(shù)as .as)The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is three times as big as that ten years ago.(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑短語(yǔ)集釋1in time及時(shí)；終于；遲早記牢(1)in time for .剛好趕上in time to do sth. 及時(shí)做某事(2)in no time 立刻；馬上at no time 決不at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度at the same time 同時(shí)at times 有時(shí)；偶爾from time to time 有時(shí)；偶爾(3)take ones time 別著急；慢慢來(lái)練通單句語(yǔ)法填空As a proverb goes, “Where theres a will, theres a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time.(2016全國(guó)卷)At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time.We reached on the top of Mount Tai, just in time to_enjoy (enjoy) the rising sun.用準(zhǔn)at no time等表示否定意義的短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。寫(xiě)美句式升級(jí)In my view, you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble.In my view, at_no_time_should_you_lose_heart whenever you are in trouble.(倒裝句)2in ones turn輪到某人；接著記牢in turn依次；相應(yīng)地；反過(guò)來(lái)by turns 輪流；交替地take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事It turns/turned out that . 結(jié)果練通單句語(yǔ)法填空Now that we have finished the design, it is in their turn to construct.At the meeting they took turns to_put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.用準(zhǔn)by turns是“交替地；輪流”的意思，多指兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)行為之間的交替進(jìn)行；如果表示“按順序”則應(yīng)該用in turn。寫(xiě)美補(bǔ)全句子人們使用自己的小汽車(chē)避免公共交通延誤，反過(guò)來(lái)，這造成更多的問(wèn)題。People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which_in_turn_creates_more_problems.3cheer up (使)高興；(使)振奮；感到高興；感到振奮記牢(1)cheer sb.up使某人振作起來(lái)cheer sb.on (比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵(lì)；為某人加油cheer for 為而歡呼(2)Cheers! 口語(yǔ)(用于祝酒)干杯！練通單句語(yǔ)法填空Cheer Mary up,_and things will work out for the best.Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their acplishments.補(bǔ)全句子I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真心希望她能振作起來(lái)，勇敢地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)！用準(zhǔn)cheer up既可以用作及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。寫(xiě)美詞匯升級(jí)When Im feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.(升級(jí)加黑詞匯)When Im feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer_me_up.句式集釋1make itadj./n.for sb. to do教材原句This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.悟拓展例句(1)She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2)People in the west make it a rule to_buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.(3)He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)makeitadj./n.that從句(2)makeitadj./n.to do 不定式(3)makeitno good/no use/no value .doing sth.注意事項(xiàng)常用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞還有：think, consider, find, feel等背寫(xiě)作佳句(1)I have a good mand of English, which makes it easier for me to find a good job.(要點(diǎn)句)(2)(2018浙江高考寫(xiě)作)You have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for you to apply for the position.(要點(diǎn)句)2倍數(shù)表達(dá)法教材原句But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.悟拓展例句(1)There are five_times_as_many_books in our library as in yours.我們圖書(shū)館里的書(shū)是你們圖書(shū)館里的書(shū)的五倍。(2)據(jù)我所知，這個(gè)城市是那個(gè)城市的三倍大。(一句多譯)As far as I know, the city is three times as_large_as that one.As far as I know, the city is three times larger_than that one.As far as I know, the city is three times the_size_of that one.析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)倍數(shù)asmany/muchn.as(2)倍數(shù)as形容詞/副詞原級(jí)as(3)倍數(shù)形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)than(4)倍數(shù)the size/length/height/depth/widthof注意事項(xiàng)(1)表示“兩倍”時(shí)用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞times”表達(dá)。(2)此句型中倍數(shù)也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)，half等其他程度狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。背寫(xiě)作佳句(1)My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.(開(kāi)頭句)(2)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.(要點(diǎn)句)詞塊、句式過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .選詞填空1Mr Brown had intended to catch the early train, but he didnt get up in_time.2Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.3At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this morning.4When the professor turned up, all the students cheered_up.5Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in_its_turn.6Now_that you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1這些游客們回到賓館，又累又困。(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))These travelers returned to the hotel, tired_and_sleepy.2無(wú)論他在哪里，早飯前散散步成為他的習(xí)慣。(make it n.to do .)No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk before breakfast.3李明的手機(jī)看起來(lái)和張華的一樣，但價(jià)格是他的兩倍。(倍數(shù)表達(dá)法) Li Mings mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas, but the price was twice_as_much_as Zhang Huas.應(yīng)用文分步寫(xiě)作假定你是中學(xué)生李華，你愛(ài)好太空探險(xiǎn)但是卻得不到父母的理解，于是你給英國(guó)朋友Stephen發(fā)電子郵件進(jìn)行交流并請(qǐng)求幫助。要點(diǎn)如下：1你的觀點(diǎn)；2父母的意見(jiàn)。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)本寫(xiě)作是一封求助信，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，人稱(chēng)為第一人稱(chēng)。此書(shū)面表達(dá)開(kāi)放性較大，題干給出的信息非常有限，因此準(zhǔn)確審題并準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)要點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要。文章可分三個(gè)層次：首先點(diǎn)明寫(xiě)信目的(尋求幫助)；主體部分陳述你對(duì)太空探險(xiǎn)的熱愛(ài)程度，并說(shuō)明你的觀點(diǎn)(健康的愛(ài)好有利于全面發(fā)展)及父母的觀點(diǎn)(愛(ài)好影響學(xué)習(xí))；最后表達(dá)希望(希望對(duì)方提供幫助)。要點(diǎn)1：我寫(xiě)信向你求助。Im_writing_to_seek_your_help.要點(diǎn)2：我對(duì)太空探索癡迷。Im_crazy_about_space_exploration.要點(diǎn)2：我認(rèn)為健康的愛(ài)好有利于我們的全面發(fā)展。(overall)I_think_healthy_hobbies_are_beneficial_to_our_overall_development.要點(diǎn)2：我的父母認(rèn)為我的愛(ài)好遲早會(huì)對(duì)我的學(xué)習(xí)有不好的影響。My_parents_think_my_hobby_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_my_study_in_time.要點(diǎn)3：我希望你能給我提供一些寶貴的建議。期待你的早日答復(fù)。I_hope_you_can_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions._Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿(mǎn)，表達(dá)更亮眼為了使內(nèi)容更充實(shí)，我們需要對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行添枝加葉，讓要點(diǎn)在內(nèi)容上和形式上更豐滿(mǎn)。要點(diǎn)2增加癡迷于太空探索經(jīng)常做的事情，并用so .that .倒裝句型提升作文檔次；要點(diǎn)2后增加細(xì)節(jié)句“父母為此所采取的行動(dòng)”；要點(diǎn)3使用高級(jí)句式Id appreciate it if .表達(dá)殷切盼望。拓展要點(diǎn)2：我對(duì)太空探索如此癡迷以至于我常去圖書(shū)館閱讀有關(guān)太空探索的東西。(so . that .倒裝句型)So_crazy_am_I_about_space_exploration_that_I_often_go_to_the_library_to_read_something_about_space_exploration.補(bǔ)充要點(diǎn)2：他們?cè)噲D阻止我去圖書(shū)館。 (prevent .from)They_try_to_prevent_me_from_going_to_the_library.升級(jí)要點(diǎn)3：如果你能給我提供一些寶貴的建議我將感激不盡。期待你的早日答復(fù)。(Id appreciate it if .)Id_appreciate_it_if_you_could_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions.Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.第三步：連句成文，排語(yǔ)句順序，重銜接過(guò)渡結(jié)合要點(diǎn)，文章可分兩段來(lái)成文，介紹你及父母對(duì)太空探索的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)可添加連接詞but， as a consequence把基本要點(diǎn)和拓展要點(diǎn)巧妙銜接，以使行文連貫。Dear_Stephen，Im writing to seek your help. So crazy am I about space exploration that I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.I think healthy hobbies are beneficial to our overall development. But my parents think my hobby will have a bad effect on my study in time.As a consequence, they try to prevent me from going to the library.Id appreciate it if you could offer me some valuable suggestions.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li_Hua理清文體結(jié)構(gòu)之(十四)說(shuō)明文之事理類(lèi)掌握行文結(jié)構(gòu)最重要事理類(lèi)說(shuō)明文在某個(gè)程度上與議論文相似，在文章開(kāi)頭往往提出一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，接著以科學(xué)研究成果為例，說(shuō)明這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的普遍性與真實(shí)性，在文章最后給出結(jié)論，與篇首的現(xiàn)象相互印證。高考典例2016天津卷C篇速讀全文，理行文結(jié)構(gòu)1When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.2These are the findings of a 40year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or munity gained petence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理學(xué)家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”3Vaillants study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers pared the mens mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores. Points were awarded for parttime jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.4The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.5Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and petence the underpinnings (基礎(chǔ)) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward mon goals. The most petent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.”1.提出現(xiàn)象(第1段)童年時(shí)期幫助做家務(wù)的孩子長(zhǎng)大后更快樂(lè)。(可解46題)2.以研究成果為例說(shuō)明該現(xiàn)象的普遍性和真實(shí)性用數(shù)字驗(yàn)證現(xiàn)象3.給出結(jié)論第5段點(diǎn)明工作的重要性，童年時(shí)期的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)能夠幫助孩子情感健康發(fā)展，這也印證了第1段提出的現(xiàn)象。(可解50題)定區(qū)間細(xì)比對(duì)46What do we know about John?AHe enjoyed his career and marriage.BHe had few childhood playmates.CHe received little love from his family.DHe was envied by others in his childhood.50What can be inferred from the last paragraph?Apetent adults know more about love than work.BEmotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.CLove brings more joy to people than work does.DIndependence is the key to ones success.答案46.A50.B46由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第1段劃波浪線部分，分析得出答案。50由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段(結(jié)論段)，歸納得出答案。