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Unit 1　Lifestyles 閱讀理解 　　閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A (2018課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ) Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. fortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路線)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a national park. C.Visit well-known museums. D.Enjoy interesting stories. 3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.City maps. B.Cameras. C.Meals. D.Safety lights. 答案　 [語篇解讀]　本文的題材為旅游類。文章為那些自行車愛好者介紹了四個(gè)騎自行車探索美國首都華盛頓的項(xiàng)目。 1.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的Reserve your spot before availability可知,第一個(gè)游玩項(xiàng)目需要預(yù)訂,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。其他三個(gè)項(xiàng)目都沒有提及需要預(yù)訂。 2.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)游玩項(xiàng)目中的第二句話(知識(shí)淵博的導(dǎo)游會(huì)給你講關(guān)于總統(tǒng)、國會(huì)、紀(jì)念碑和公園的最有趣的故事,讓你開心。)可知,在這個(gè)游玩項(xiàng)目中你會(huì)享受到有趣的故事,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 3.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句話(所有的騎手都配備了反光背心和安全燈。)可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 B 　　Chinese colleges have e up with an unusual way to help freshmen settle in. They turn their gyms into campsites for Moms and Dads, some of whom have traveled thousands of miles across the country, to say goodbye. For the past five years, Tianjin University in northern China has provided free acmodation for parents in what it calls “tents of love”. Other schools let parents sleep on mats in school gymnasiums. “Going to college is a life moment and my parents didn’t want to miss that,” said Zhang Jinqi, a freshman at Tianjin University majoring in applied chemistry. His parents traveled with him on the 19-hour train journey from Jiangxi Province in southern China. Images of school gyms packed with parents have been widely shared on Chinese social media prompting a debate on whether China’s only children are too coddled. Some have voiced criticisms of Tianjin University, saying that they think both the parents and the children should be more independent. Xiong Bingqi, deputy director of think-tank 21st Century Education Research Institute,thinks the problem is overstated. “It has always been a problem in China that at the start of every school year, colleges are packed with parents who e along to drop off their children and stay with them,” he said. “For some families, it’s their way to celebrate the first-ever family member who’s able to go to college,”Xiong added. “There’s nothing wrong with sharing the happiness.” Zhang’s father said the decision to escort their son was a no-brainer. He and his wife are among the many “campers” who sleep in the 550 temporary tents set up in Tianjin University’s gym. “My child has lots of luggage and we also want to go traveling,” said his father Zhang Yonghui. “The hotels nearby are fully booked so I have to sleep in the tents.” Their son also shrugged off the criticisms although he said he was looking forward to living on his own for the first time. “Being acpanied by my parents doesn’t mean I’m spoiled.” 4.Zhang Jinqi thought his parents acpanied him to his university mainly because　　　. A.they wanted to help him with his luggage B.they wanted to go to travel in Tianjin C.they doubted his independence D.they wanted to witness his important life moment 5.Xiong Bingqi thinks going to college in the pany of parents　　　. A.is a chance for freshmen to travel with their parents B.is not such a serious problem as people think C.is a long-lasting problem to solve D.is not good for freshmen to build up their independence 6.The underlined phrase “shrugged off” probably means　　　. A.was in favor of B.was ashamed of C.thought nothing of D.was concerned about 7.What’s the main idea of the passage? A.“Tents of love” is widely criticized. B.Chinese only children are too spoiled. C.Chinese college education is faced with a big challenge. D.There are different opinions on “tents of love”. 答案　 [語篇解讀]　文章介紹了中國大學(xué)開學(xué)季父母陪伴孩子上學(xué),許多高校為家長提供免費(fèi)的“愛的帳篷”,以及對(duì)此引發(fā)的不同的看法。 4.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Going to college is a life moment and my parents didn’t want to miss that,” said Zhang Jinqi可知,Zhang Jinqi認(rèn)為父母陪他來大學(xué)報(bào)到是想見證他一生中的重要時(shí)刻,故選D項(xiàng)。 5.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的...thinks the problem is overstated.和“For some families, it’s their way to celebrate the first-ever family member who’s able to go to college,”Xiong added. “There’s nothing wrong with sharing the happiness.”可知Xiong Bingqi認(rèn)為父母陪伴孩子上大學(xué)并不是什么大事,并不像人們想的那么嚴(yán)重,分享快樂沒錯(cuò)。故選B項(xiàng)。 6.C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Being acpanied by my parents doesn’t mean I’m spoiled.”可知他認(rèn)為由父母陪伴并不意味著被寵壞了。由此推斷shrugged off意為“對(duì)……不予理睬”,與thought nothing of同義,故選C項(xiàng)。 7.D　主旨大意題。文章介紹了大學(xué)開學(xué)季父母陪伴孩子上學(xué),許多高校為家長提供免費(fèi)的“愛的帳篷”,以及對(duì)此引發(fā)的不同的看法。故選D項(xiàng)。 C (2018吉林實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)考前模擬) 　　When I was in the fourth grade, I worked part-time as a paper boy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. She’d watch me ing down her street, and by the time I’d biked up to her doorstep, there would be a cold drink waiting. I’d sit and drink while she talked. Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband. “Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning,” she’d say. The first time she said that, soda (汽水) went up my nose. I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she’d work it out of her system. So that’s what I did, and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery (墓地). I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn’t see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser(募捐活動(dòng)). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she’d offer her paper boy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone, but life went on. I am living in the city now, and my paper boy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I’m doing. When I don’t say “fine”, she sticks around to hear my problems. She’s lived in the city for most of her life, but she knows about munity. munity isn’t so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask you how you’re doing because they care, and not because they’re getting paid to do so. Sometimes it’s good to just smile, nod your head and listen. 8.Why did soda go up the author’s nose one time? A.Because he was talking fast. B.Because he was absent-minded. C.Because he was in a hurry. D.Because he was shocked. 9.Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley according to Paragraph 3? A.Because he took the chance to rest. B.Because he wanted to be helpful. C.Because he enjoyed the drink. D.Because he tried to please his dad. 10.Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “work it out of her system”? A.Speak out about her past. B.Move out of the neighborhood. C.Turn to her old friends. D.Recover from her sadness. 11.What does the author think people should do in a munity? A.Care about one another. B.Depend on each other. C.Pay for others’ help. D.Open up to others. 答案　 [語篇解讀]　作者通過親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們應(yīng)該互相關(guān)心,有時(shí)候,微笑、點(diǎn)頭、傾聽是件好事。 8.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband. “Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning,” she’d say.和第三段中的Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive可知Stanley夫人說她已去世的丈夫今天上午和她去購物了,說得好像他還活著一樣。作者被她說的話嚇著了,所以喝的蘇打水嗆到了鼻子里。故選D項(xiàng)。 9.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile和So that’s what I did, and it turned out Dad was right.可知父親告訴我Stanley夫人是因?yàn)樘聠瘟?我應(yīng)該坐下來聽她訴說并點(diǎn)頭微笑。所以作者那樣做是為了對(duì)Stanley夫人有所幫助,故選B項(xiàng)。 10.D　句意猜測題。此處指Stanley夫人太孤單了,我應(yīng)該坐下來聽她訴說并點(diǎn)頭微笑。我這樣做可能會(huì)幫助她從悲傷中走出來,故選D項(xiàng)。 11.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的munity isn’t so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask you how you’re doing because they care, and not because they’re getting paid to do so. Sometimes it’s good to just smile, nod your head and listen.可知作者認(rèn)為社區(qū)意識(shí)是一種精神狀態(tài)。人們關(guān)心你是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谝饽?而不是因?yàn)橐獔?bào)酬。有時(shí)候,微笑、點(diǎn)頭、傾聽是件好事,人們應(yīng)該互相關(guān)心,故選A項(xiàng)。 D 　　Facing the increasing pressure to raise students’ scores on standardized tests, schools are urging kids to work harder by offering them obvious encouragements. Happy Meals are at the low end of the scale. With the help of business, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and—in a growing number of cases—cold, hard cash. The appeal of such programs is obvious, but the consequences of tying grades to goods are still uncertain. It’s been a mon tradition in middle-class families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life. But for many disadvantaged minority children, the long-term benefits of getting an education are not so clear, according to experts. No one knows for sure how well cash and other big-ticket rewards work in education in the long run. But there are plenty of concerns that the kind of practice could have negative effects on kids. Virginia Shiller, a clinical psychologist, says that it’s worth experimenting with cash encouragements but that tying them to success on a test is not a worthwhile goal. “I’d rather see rewards based on effort and responsibility — things that will lead to success in life,” she says. Even if rewards don’t lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school. Charles McVean, a businessman and philanthropist(慈善家), started a tutoring program which pays higher-achieving students $10 an hour to tutor struggling classmates and divides them into teams. During the course of the year, students bond(團(tuán)結(jié)) and pete. The team posting the highest math scores wins the top cash prize of $100.McVean calls the bination of peer tutoring, petition, and cash encouragements a recipe for “nothing less than magic”. For its part, the Seminole County Public School System in Florida plans to continue its report card encouragement program through the rest of the school year. The local McDonald’s restaurants help the poor district by paying the $1,600 cost of printing the report card. Regina Klaers, the district spokeswoman, says most parents don’t seem bothered by the Happy Meals rewards. “There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes it’s through the stomach, and sometimes it’s the probability of students winning a car,” she says. “One size doesn’t fit all.” 12.According to the text, it is a mon practice for schools to 　　　 . A.offer free meals to students with high scores B.tie students’ grades to material rewards C.educate students to form a business sense D.cooperate with business to improve teaching 13.According to the text, the long-term results of giving students cash as rewards in education are　　　.　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.negative B.optimistic C.uncertain D.disappointing 14.The tutoring program run by Charles McVean　　　. A.hires some excellent teachers to teach struggling students B.has a meaningful effect in inspiring students’ enthusiasm on study C.is a program bining tutoring, petition and future job offers D.rewards the students with the highest scores with the top cash prize of $100 15.We can learn that in Seminole County　　　. A.there are various ways to inspire students to study hard B.many parents are not satisfied with the Happy Meals rewards C.the local McDonald’s restaurants provide the rewards for poor students D.people are searching for a good-for-all method to urge students to do well 答案　 [語篇解讀]　為了激勵(lì)學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)并取得好成績,學(xué)校和家長都在采取措施,其中一項(xiàng)措施就是物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。這樣做會(huì)帶來什么樣的結(jié)果呢? 12.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第一句中的schools are urging kids to work harder by offering them obvious encouragements和倒數(shù)第二句It’s been a mon tradition in middle-class families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life.可知,現(xiàn)在的學(xué)校普遍喜歡用物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生好好學(xué)習(xí),因此B項(xiàng)中提到的“將學(xué)生的成績和物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)聯(lián)系起來”符合文意。 13.C　推理判斷題。由第二段第一句 No one knows for sure how well cash and other big-ticket rewards work in education in the long run.可知,就長期來看,人們對(duì)這種給予物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)以達(dá)到激勵(lì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的方式對(duì)教育的影響還不能確切地了解。因此 uncertain 正確。negative 意為“消極的,負(fù)面的”,optimistic 意為“樂觀的,積極的”,disappointing 意為“失望的”,均不符合文意。 14.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段倒數(shù)第三句During the course of the year, students bond(團(tuán)結(jié)) and pete.可知,通過 Charles McVean 的這個(gè)指導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目,學(xué)生們聯(lián)系在了一起并且相互之間競爭著學(xué)習(xí),因此在激勵(lì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)熱情上有重要的影響。故B項(xiàng)正確。 15.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第四句“There are many ways we try to urge students to do well...” 可知,在 Seminole County,有很多種激勵(lì)學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)的方式,故A項(xiàng)正確。