Cultural relics一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。 (2018沈陽市下學(xué)期高三第三次模擬考試試題)Wild elephants can tell whether a voice es from a man，a woman or a boy，a new study says.Thats what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya.Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt.The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people，said study author Karen Mcb.“Basically，they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，” said Mcb，a professor at the University of Sussex in England.“Memory is key.They must build up that knowledge somehow.”The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Its close to but not quite like the Dr.Seuss book，where the elephant Horton hears something that others cant hear.Mcb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water.The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men，who on occasion kill elephants，and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.As a result，the elephants reacted more defensivelyretreating and gathering in a bunchto the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study coauthor Graeme Shannon.They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women.Since women almost never spear elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices.The same thing happened when they substituted young boys voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study.1Who were the people taking part in the study?AFrans de Waal and Karen Mcb.BDr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon.CGraeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.DKaren Mcb and Graeme Shannon.2What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?AIdentifying and avoiding possible danger.BGrowing much faster than any other animals.CHaving a better understanding of humans.DDeveloping their language skills.3Which can replace the underlined word“substituted”in the last paragraph? Adistinguished BrepeatedCused Dpared4What does the passage mainly talk about?AWild elephants can distinguish human languages.BThe conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.CWild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.DWild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.【解題導(dǎo)語】研究表明野生大象能夠識別男、女和男孩的聲音，它們通過思維區(qū)分聲音并判斷誰能對他們產(chǎn)生威脅?！倦y句分析】Mcb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water.分析：這是一個復(fù)合句。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語；sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water作伴隨狀語。譯文：Mcb和同事去了位于肯尼亞的安博塞利國家公園，在那里有成百上千頭野象與人類一起生活，他們有時因為水資源匱乏而發(fā)生沖突。1D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“study author Karen Mcb”和第六段中的“study coauthor Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen Mcb和Groeme Shannon都參加了研究，故選D項。2A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt”可知，這種高等的思維方式使野象能夠分辨出誰能對他們造成威脅，這樣它們可以避免可能的危險，故A項是正確的。3C考查詞義猜測。畫線詞所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices”，畫線詞所在句講的是野象對年輕男孩的聲音做出的反應(yīng)，說明當(dāng)時研究者在對野象播放年輕男孩的聲音，選C項。4A考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice es from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文內(nèi)容可知，野象能夠通過人的聲音區(qū)分不同人類群體的性別和年齡，故選A項(野象能夠區(qū)分人類的語言)。二、單句語法填空1(2017北京高考)The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.答案：that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the little problems，且從句中缺少賓語，故用that。2(2017天津高考)My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.答案：whose分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，且與其后名詞存在所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用whose。3Mr Reed _ (select) to represent us in the meeting has been sent to have a talk with them.答案：selected由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作后置定語。select與其所修飾的Mr Reed之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，因此填selected。4It was clearly _(evidence) that the pany was in great difficulties.答案：evidentIt is/was evident that . 是常用句型，意為“很明顯”。5Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how _(survive) without friends in life.答案：to survive“疑問詞動詞不定式”在本句中作表語，how to survive “怎么生存”。6I dont really fancy _ (do) business with him.答案：doingfancy doing . “想要做”。7He was severely criticized and _ (remove) from his post.答案：removedremove sb. from his post “開除某人”，此處是被動語態(tài)，因此填removed。8It is said that the early European playing cards _ (design) for entertainment and education.答案：were designedbe designed for “為而設(shè)計”。9We _(face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?答案：could have faced由后一分句可知，前一分句謂語應(yīng)用could have done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“過去我們本來可以共同面對困難”。10All the workers _(belong) to the factory must obey the rule.答案：belonging由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填belong的非謂語動詞形式，workers與belong to之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故用現(xiàn)在分詞belonging to作后置定語。belong to無被動語態(tài)。三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。(2018長沙市模擬)Every morning，on my way to work，I see homeless people sleeping on sidewalks.Clearly，theyre in need of _1_.I feel it a(n) _2_ to see this，and most people walk by, _3_ the homeless dont exist，and dont offer any help at all，not even a _4_.Recently，its been extremely cold，making things especially _5_ for the homeless.Usually I arrive at work around 8 am，when the homeless are still asleep.Im not sure whether its a good _6_ to leave something for them while theyre _7_ ，as it may get stolen or they may not even _8_ it.Today，I _9_ someone，who seemed to be homeless，sitting on the sidewalk，awake.I had some time _10_ I was due to start work，so I dashed across the street to ask if I could get anything for him to drink or eat.He wanted a cola，so I went and got this for him _11_ a banana.I gave him the drink and banana，then went back to my office across the street，and went upstairs to get the bag I recently _12_ with everyday items.Id been planning to give it to someone in need，so this was a great _13_.I hurried back to give the bag to the stranger，who was _14_.Society may feel unfortable with homeless people._15_ ，we must remember theyre just like us.Theyre just down on their _16_ for different reasons.If we _17_ to those in need，our hearts will grow and we can _18_ make our world better.Singer Phil Collins sang a song titled Another Day in Paradise，which _19_ us to be grateful for the many blessings we have and not to _20_ those who are less fortunate.1A.balanceBsignificanceCperformance Dassistance2A.duty BregretCadvance Dequality3A.imagining BexpectingCpretending Dannouncing4A.word BhugCpity Dgift5A.absurd BboringCplex Dtouch6A.idea BexcuseClesson Dreason7A.relaxed BabsentmindedCunaware Ddizzy8A.know BwantCshare Dafford9A.spotted BapproachedCrecognized Dinterviewed10A.when BsinceCbefore Dunless11A.instead of Bexcept forCregardless of Dalong with12A.replaced BpackedCdecorated Dbined13A.trial BhonorCopportunity Dreward14A.grateful BcarefulChopeful Dskillful15A.Besides BThereforeCMeanwhile DHowever16A.effort BluckCappearance Dreputation17A.look out Bbreak outCreach out Dturn out18A.truly BproperlyCdeliberately Dapproximately19A.intends BremindsCpromises Dpersuades20A.trick BblameCdoubt Dforget【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者幫助無家可歸的人的故事。【核心詞匯】extremely adv.極其，極端dash v急奔，急馳，猛沖paradise n天堂blessing n上帝的恩寵，祝福1D根據(jù)下文的“dont offer any help at all”可知，這些無家可歸的人需要幫助。assistance意為“幫助”。故選D。2B根據(jù)下文作者幫助無家可歸的人可推知，作者同情這些無家可歸的人，看到他們睡在大街上感到很是遺憾。故選B。3C根據(jù)“and dont offer any help at all”并結(jié)合上文的“I feel it a(n) _2_ to see this”可推知，大部分的路人對無家可歸的人漠不關(guān)心，視而不見，即假裝(pretending)沒看到。4A根據(jù)“even”可推知，大部分人不僅不提供幫助，甚至連一句問候都沒有。5D根據(jù)空前的“its been extremely cold”并結(jié)合語境可推知，天氣特別寒冷，無家可歸的人的日子更加艱難(tough)。6A結(jié)合語境可知，作者不確定自己的那種做法是否是好主意(idea)。7C承接上文的“Usually I arrive at work around 8 am，when the homeless are still asleep”可推知，無家可歸的人在作者早上開始上班時還都在睡覺，是不會覺察到的(unaware)。8B根據(jù)“even”的提示并結(jié)合上文作者的猶豫可推知，作者不確定自己對他們的幫助是否正是無家可歸的人所需要的。9A根據(jù)語境可推知，作者在人行道上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個醒著的無家可歸的人。spot表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，符合語境。10C根據(jù)語境可知，作者離上班還有些時間，所以選C。11D根據(jù)語境以及下文的“I gave him the drink and banana”可推知，作者順便還給這個人帶了香蕉。along with表示“除以外(還)”。12B根據(jù)空后的“with everyday items”可知，作者包里裝著每天的必需品。pack with sth.表示“裝著某物”。13C根據(jù)語境可知，作者認(rèn)為這是一個極好的幫助無家可歸的人的機會。14A根據(jù)語境可推知，把自己的東西饋贈給他人，別人是感恩的(grateful)。15D根據(jù)語境可知，前后句表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。16B根據(jù)語境可推知，那些無家可歸的人只是由于某種原因一時窮困潦倒而已，down on ones luck表示“窮困潦倒”。17C根據(jù)語境可知，如果我們愿意幫助他們，世界會變得更美好。reach out to sb.表示“愿意為某人提供幫助”。18A根據(jù)語境可知，幫助他人的確會讓我們的世界變得更美好。truly“的確，真實地”；properly“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍保籨eliberately“故意地”；approximately“大約”。19BPhil Collins的歌提醒我們要感恩。remind sb.to do sth.意為“提醒某人做某事”符合語境。20D根據(jù)語境可推知，人們不要忘記那些不幸的人。四、單句改錯1The boys behavior was high thought of by all the people present._答案：highhighlythink highly of . “高度評價”。2What can we do for them in return all the help they have given us?_答案：return后加forin return for . “作為對的回報”。3It is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection._答案：verywellbe well worth doing . “非常值得做”。4The rescue workers removed the stones in search for any survivor._答案：forofin search of . “尋找”。5There is no doubt what a cleaner does is harder pared with any other job in the society._答案：doubt后加thatThere is no doubt that . “毫無疑問”。五、七選五Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” PersonLife is a constant exercise in selfimprovement.In the rush to achieve，the idea of being “better” can bee lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way._1_Explore your talents.Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So its often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you._2_ For example，people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club，but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what youll enjoy._3_No matter how much money you make，you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.If youre particularly unhappy at your job，consider why._4_ If you feel your job isnt meaningful，or isnt in line with your values，consider finding another job.Experience something new.Research has shown that when were in our fort zone，we arent as productive as we are when we step just beyond it._5_ Because of that，we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.Its important to have new experiences and interactions with others，even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more.ADo what you love.BHere are some tips for you.CRegister in a class youre interested in.DHuman adapt very quickly to positive events.EIts possible that some changes may change your feeling.FSimilar types of people may be attracted to the same activities.GTry not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life.【解題導(dǎo)語】人生就是不斷自我提升的過程，有時我們急于取得成功，卻迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己給出了一些建議。1B上文提到你可能想知道如何用更簡單的方式提升自己，下文則給出了一些建議。由此可知，設(shè)空處承上啟下。B項符合語境。2F本段最后一句提到，判斷你喜歡跟誰在一起有助于你了解自己喜歡什么。由此可知，F(xiàn)項符合語境。故選F項。3A本題考查標(biāo)題句。根據(jù)該標(biāo)題下的Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.可知，花時間做自己喜歡的事很重要。由此可知，A項(做你喜歡的事)符合語境。4E上文提出如果特別不喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作，考慮一下原因，下文則提出考慮換一份工作。由此可知，E項(有時候作出一些改變也可以改變你的心情)符合語境。5D本段主題是體驗新事物?？崭窈笳f，正因為如此，我們可能對自己的積極的經(jīng)歷反應(yīng)遲鈍。D項(人類對積極的事件適應(yīng)很快)正好解釋了下文的現(xiàn)象。故選D項。