選修8Unit 1A land of diversity一、閱讀理解AAn apple a day keeps the doctor away is a popular saying in the United States. It may be a mon saying, but it is not scientifically confirmed. However, a new study adds to evidence that suggests taking a small amount of aspirin can help keep the doctor away.Peter Elwood is with Cardiff Universitys School of Medicine in Britain. Forty years ago, he was involved in the first study to explore the effects of aspirin on the prevention of heart disease. Elwoods team examined 47 studies for evidence that aspirin helped cancer patients. They found theres fairly consistent evidence of a 15 to 20 percent reduction in death and a reduction in cancers spread, by low dose(劑量) aspirin. By low dose, he means 81 milligrams. The study followed cancer patients for five years. Elwood says the evidence is strong that aspirin delays death among cancer patients.Elwoods team are excited to have this evidence from the study. Elwood adds that it is not a cure but a small sign of better things to e, what he calls a little hope and encouragement. If you asked me personally what I would do if doctors told me I had cancer, I would say I would have no hesitation in taking it. But I do not remend it to people. I want them to have the evidence and make their own decisions.The only major risk is that aspirin can cause stomach bleeding. But Elwood says it usually does not cause death. He adds that the evidence points to big health benefits of taking a daily aspirin. So, for some people, the pros might overweigh the cons.1. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 1?A. Patients should eat apples.B. Apples are popular with Americans.C. Aspirin can be good for health.D. Doctors should use aspirin instead of apples.2. What does Elwood suggest people do?A. The less aspirin, the better.B. Dont delay in taking aspirin.C. Taking aspirin is a better way to cure cancer.D. Make decisions in the best interest of their own.3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. Aspirin is the best cure for cancer.B. Taking aspirin wont kill in the long run.C. Taking aspirin does more good than harm.D. The side effect of taking aspirin is strong.【語篇解讀】文章介紹每天服用少量的阿司匹林對健康有好處，可以延緩癌癥病人的死亡。2.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子Elwood可知，Elwood建議人們按照對自己有最大益處的方式做決定。故選D。3.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后一段介紹服用阿司匹林會導致胃部出血，但是結合句子He adds that the evidence points to big health benefits of taking a daily aspirin.每天服用一點阿司匹林對健康有很大好處，可知，下文的the pros might overweigh the cons意為：服用阿司匹林的好處大于壞處，故選C。BSince 1985, Johnny Jennings, 86, has been selling newspapers and magazines to a recycling center with his son. By the time Jennings only child was 17, he stopped joining his father. Even though his son is all grown up now, Jennings hasnt slowed down his efforts. In fact, he has turned his recycling money into something bigger. The Ringgold, Georgia native visits local churches and businesses to collect paper, which he brings to a recycling center for money. But instead of putting those earnings in his own bank account, he sends every dollar to Georgia Baptist Childrens Homes & Family Ministries. Once a year, hell give the organization a check somewhere between $10,000 and $35,000. By 2016, that tallied up to $400,000. These days, Jennings recycling has turned into a munity effort. After he has made his own rounds recycling paper from businesses and churches, hell find more items waiting for him at home. munity members drop off other recyclables at his house so he can sell them, along with books, food, clothes, and other items to give away. Recycling centers typically pay just onehalf to three cents per pound of paper, but Jennings visits have added up the big time. In 2016 alone, he sold more than 400,000 pounds of paper and 51,000 aluminum cans (鋁罐), and collected more than 32,000 pennies. Over the course of 32 years he has recycled more than 9.8 million pounds of paper, saving an estimated 79,000 trees in the process. Jennings says hell continue raising money for charity as long as his health allows.【文章大意】本章講述了樂于助人的Johnny Jennings常年回收廢舊物品資助慈善機構的故事?！倦y句分析】The Ringgold, Georgia native visits local churches and businesses to collect paper, which he brings to a recycling center for money.(第二段第一句)分析：這是一個主從復合句。句中which引導非限制性定語從句。譯文：這個佐治亞州Ringgold市的本地人去當?shù)氐慕烫煤推髽I(yè)收集廢紙，帶到廢品回收中心換錢。背景知識：佐治亞州(Georgia，簡稱GA)，美國東南部7個州之一。北界田納西州和北卡羅來納州，南鄰佛羅里達州，東北與南卡羅來納州接壤，東南臨大西洋，西毗亞拉巴馬州，州府是亞特蘭大。1How old was Johnny Jennings when he started recycling?A17. B32.C54. D86答案與解析：C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Since 1985, Johnny Jennings, 86, has been selling newspapers and magazines to a recycling center with his son.”和第四段中的“Over the course of 32 years he has recycled”可知，Johnny Jennings開始回收廢舊物品時應該是54歲。2The underlined word “tallied” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”Aadded Blooked Cmade Dmixed答案與解析：A考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)該詞所在句及前一句“Once a year, hell give the organization a check somewhere between $10,000 and $35,000. By 2016, that tallied up to $400,000”中的數(shù)據(jù)可知，tallied意為：計算總數(shù)。所以A項正確。3What is munity members attitude towards Johnny Jennings?AUnclear. BDoubtful.CTolerant. DSupportive.答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“munity members drop off other recyclables at his house so he can sell them, along with books, food, clothes, and other items to give away.”可知，Johnny Jennings所在社區(qū)的成員們支持他回收廢舊物品資助慈善機構的工作。4What makes Johnny Jennings special?AHis long life and hobby.BHis recycling work and donation.CThe pennies he collects.DThe amount of trees he plants.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。文章講述Johnny Jennings常年回收廢舊物品資助慈善機構的故事。所以是回收廢舊物品資助慈善機構的故事讓Johnny Jennings與眾不同。二、七選五Listening to others requires entering actively and imaginatively into the situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own，and yet so many of us dont listen properly as we should._1_ It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.Here are some ways to bee a better listener._2_ Make sure you actually hear fully what your friend is saying，and you cant cut your friend off verbally carelessly.While you might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting.Nod to encourage the conversation along.A better option to let your friend know youre interested in what he says is just to nod along from time to time.Sometimes you nod along but then start thinking about something unrelated to what he could say._3_Tune out background noise.If youre easily distracted by laughter，glasses clinking，children crying，you might need to work extra hard to focus only on your friend._4_ Dont hesitate to tell them that the background noises are getting in the way.If you cant focus，try moving to another area.No texting or looking at your phone！_5_ For you see，when youre sitting in front of someone，he is the most important person in your world at that moment.APractice silence when someone else is talking.BIf necessary，ask your friend to repeat himself.CListening is more than just sitting silently while someone else talks.DWhoever is calling or texting can wait until youre done with your conversation.EQuestions you raise must clearly be motivated by curiosity about the speakers views.FIn this case, try to push away your thoughts until youre absorbed in what your friend is saying.GRemembering ideas from previous conversations proves that your attention is kept and encourages your friend to continue.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了如何成為一位優(yōu)秀的傾聽者。難句分析：While you might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting.(第三段最后一句)譯文：雖然或許你打算幫助讓談話繼續(xù)，但是你的朋友也許會感覺好像他所說的要不斷地被討論或者聽起來根本是無趣的。詞匯積累：verbally adv.口頭上option n選擇distract v使分心1C根據(jù)下一句“It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.”可知，C項“傾聽不僅僅是別人講話時安靜地坐在那里”與下文聯(lián)系密切，且C項中的“Listening”與下一句中的“It”相照應。故選C。2A根據(jù)下文內容可知，本段主要說明在別人講話時，不要打擾對方。A項“在別人講話時，練習沉默”能夠引起下文內容，符合語境。故選A。3F本段主要講述了在別人講話時，你應不時地點點頭，讓你的朋友知道你對他所說的感興趣。所以當你有時點頭卻心不在焉時，要趕快把注意力轉回到你朋友所說的話中。故選F。4B下文提到，要毫不猶豫地告訴你的朋友噪音妨礙了你，由此推斷出空格處應指如果受到了噪音的妨礙，可以請求朋友重復一遍。故選B。5D根據(jù)“No texting or looking at your phone！”可知，D項“無論誰的電話或者短信都可以等到你的談話結束再回復”符合本段內容。故選D。三、短文改錯Mike，a famous writer，lives just next door to me.He is always ready give a helping hand to others，but he enjoys great popularity in the neighborhood.He often teaches us how to write stories and encourages me about his own experience.He told to me he was born in a poor family.As a little boy，he has a dream to bee a famous writer.He worked hardly and overcame thousands of difficulty.Finally，he entered a university in that he wrote many story books.Up till now，aging only forty，he has been very famous around the country.【答案】Mike，a famous writer，lives just next door to me.He is always ready give a helping hand to others， he enjoys great popularity in the neighborhood.He often teaches how to write stories and encourages me his own experience.He told me he was born in a poor family.As a little boy，he a dream to bee a famous writer.He worked and overcame thousands of .Finally，he entered a university in he wrote many story books.Up till now， only forty，he has been very famous around the country.第一處：ready后加to?？疾閯釉~不定式。be ready to do sth.為固定用法，意為“準備好做某事；樂于做某事”。第二處：but改為and/so?？疾檫B詞。Mike樂于助人，因此他在社區(qū)很受歡迎。根據(jù)語境可知，此處用and/so連接兩個并列分句。第三處：us改為me。考查代詞。第二段談及的都是Mike與作者本人之間的事，所以us改為me。第四處：about改為with。考查介詞。Mike用他自己的經歷鼓勵作者。with在此意為“以，使用”。第五處：刪除to?？疾榻樵~。tell sb.sth.為固定用法，意為“告訴某人某事”。第六處：has改為had。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的As a little boy可知，此處敘述的是過去的事，故用一般過去時。第七處：hardly改為hard?？疾楦痹~。Mike學習努力，克服了很多困難。hard“努力地”，符合語境。hardly意為“幾乎不”。第八處：difficulty改為difficulties?？疾槊~的數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的thousands of可知，此處用名詞的復數(shù)形式。第九處：that改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。定語從句的先行詞為university，關系詞作介詞in的賓語，所以用“in which”引導定語從句。第十處：aging改為aged?？疾樾稳菰~。aged為形容詞，意為“歲”，符合語境。四、語法填空Anyone who has had a longterm disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely.This can be _1_ (especial) true of children.They may feel _2_ (leave) out.Now, these children may have a hightech friend to help feel less alone.A small robot may help children who are recovering from longterm _3_ (ill)The robot like human beings takes their place at school.And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks.Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends.He or she can also attend class from wherever they are recovering whether at home _4_ from a hospital bed.Dolva, one of the scientists who _5_ (be) concentrating on developing the robot, explains _6_ the robot AV1 works.She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot._7_ (use) the same device, he or she can control the robots movements.Inside the robot, there is a small puter linked _8_ a 4G network.The robot is _9_ (equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes municating _10_ (easy)So its the eyes and the ears and the voices at school.Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.語篇解讀：病人由于長期患病在家，可能會感覺很孤獨，對于孩子更是如此。本文介紹了一種機器人，可以幫助患病的孩子減少孤獨感。1especially設空處修飾形容詞true，要用副詞，故填especially。2leftfeel作連系動詞，leave out表示“遺漏；忽略”，與主語之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞形式作表語。故填left。3illness(es)longterm為形容詞，意為“長期的”，后應接名詞。故填illness(es)。4or根據(jù)句中的whether可知應填or，whether .or .為固定搭配，意為“無論還是”。5are句意：多爾瓦作為潛心研究機器人的科學家之一，解釋了機器人AV1是如何工作的。本句中，who引導定語從句，先行詞為scientists，故從句謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式；全文主體時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，此處也應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填are。6how句意見上一題解析。設空處引導賓語從句，作explains的賓語，根據(jù)句意，句中缺少狀語，表示“方式”，故用how引導該從句。7Using句中已有謂語can control，因此，設空處應用非謂語動詞；use與其邏輯主語he or she之間為主動關系，且在句中作方式狀語。故填Using。8to/withbe linked to/with .為固定搭配，意為“與連接”。故填to/with。9equippedbe equipped with .為固定搭配，意為“裝配有”。故填equipped。10easier設空處在定語從句中作makes的賓語補足語，而且本句暗含比較意義，應用形容詞的比較級。故填easier。