Unit 3 Under the sea一、閱讀理解。Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their munity tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people，according to a study from Berlin，Germany.“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents health.This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，”said Sonja Hilbrand，one of the researchers.The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.Overall，after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health，the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren，pared with grandparents who provided no childcare.Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasnt a relative.Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began，while nonhelpers lived for four years on average.“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society.Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，”said Professor Bruno Arpino.Arpino noted，however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working，being in social clubs，or volunteering.“Children should take_into_account their parents needs，willingness，and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”he suggested.“It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what proper amounts of help means，”Hilbrand said，adding，“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity (強(qiáng)度)of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”1What is the caregiving study based on?AHuman evolutionary history.BDemand of modern society.CSocial contact between relatives.DData on many elderly people.2In Arpinos opinion，childcare _.Ais sure to keep old people away from illnessesBallows old people to live a more meaningful lifeCcreates more job opportunities for old peopleDmakes social activities inaccessible to old people3What does the underlined part“take into account”in Paragraph 6 probably mean?ALimit. BIgnore.CFavor. DConsider.4What does the last paragraph tell us?AGrandparents can do anything in their own interests.BGrandparents should share more social responsibilities.CProper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents.DCaregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.【解題導(dǎo)語】德國柏林一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，祖父母適當(dāng)?shù)貛兔φ疹檶O輩比不照顧孫輩的老年人壽命長。難句分析：Overall, after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health，the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, pared with grandparents who provided no childcare.分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。其中，Overall在此為副詞，在句中作狀語；after為介詞，其后接動名詞短語作賓語；兩個who均引導(dǎo)定語從句pared with grandparents who.為過去分詞短語作狀語。譯文：總的來說，在考慮祖父母的年齡和大致的健康狀況后，與那些沒照顧孫輩的祖父母相比，那些照顧孫輩的祖父母在20年間的死亡風(fēng)險要低三分之一。1D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是從對500多個70歲以上的老人的數(shù)據(jù)分析得來的。故選D項。2B推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的Arpinos opinion定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society.”可知，看護(hù)小孩讓看護(hù)人覺得生活有了目的，因為他們覺得自己對他人和社會是有用的，也就是說，看護(hù)小孩可以使他們感覺生活得有意義。故選B項。3D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities及后面的“.their parents needs，willingness，and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”可知，過多的照看責(zé)任會使老人無法從事其他有意義的活動，所以孩子應(yīng)考慮老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他們照顧孩子的時間長度和強(qiáng)度的選擇。由此可猜測，take into account意為“考慮”，與consider意義相近。故選D項。4C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”可知，只要你幫忙的強(qiáng)度不會讓你感到有壓力，這對他人、對你自己都是有好處的。由此可知，適當(dāng)?shù)卣疹櫺『ψ娓改赣泻锰帯９蔬xC項。二、單句語法填空1We urged that she _ (e) to the party, but she protested that she was too tired.答案：(should) eurge “強(qiáng)烈要求”后跟從句時，從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，即“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。2The people in the earthquakestricken area are in _ (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.答案：urgentin urgent need of . “急需”。3He has been witness _ a terrible murder.答案：tobe (a) witness to sth. “是某事的目擊者”。4The people had left before the soldiers came to the _ (abandon) village.答案：abandonedabandoned為形容詞“被遺棄的；廢棄的”，在句中修飾名詞village。5Everybody is aware _ the importance of learning.答案：ofbe/bee aware of . “意識到”。6When I reflect _ my schooldays, I realize how much easier things are for todays children.答案：onreflect on “認(rèn)真思考；回想”。7To be a brave man, you should not be scared _ danger.答案：ofbe scared of . “害怕”。8Did you see that boy _ (question) by the police?答案：being questionedsee sb. doing sth. “看到某人正在做某事”，又因為question與that boy存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用being questioned。此處意為正在受盤問。9It was a time _ most people did not know how to operate a puter.答案：whenIt was a time when . “曾經(jīng)一度(那時)”，為固定句式，when引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作時間狀語。10You have to trust your mind that itll take you _ you want to go.答案：wherewhere在該句中引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，表述你的頭腦會帶你去你想去的地方。三、完形填空。Each year around Christmastime, I think back to the homeless dog that appeared at the family farm. His visit became a gift of _1_ that my family still talks about. It was a few days after Christmas in 1999. A _2_ dog wandered onto the front porch (走廊)and _3_ in as if hed lived here all his life. He quickly decided that his _4_ was to guard the house against squirrels. Every time he saw _5_， hed bound off past the garden to the trees, _6_ at the top of his lungs. Then hed walk back to his position on the _7_， ever vigilant (警惕的)Inside, the house was full of _8_.My 91yearold fatherinlaw, Jim Cravens, was seriously ill. The family had all _9_ to see to his care, to cook and to wele _10_. Jim and his wife, Dorothy, were beloved ones of the munity(社區(qū)). Whenever anyone _11_ the house to do anything or walk next door to my brotherinlaws house, the black dog followed. He would _12_ wait until we were done, follow us home _13_ lie down on the porch.This _14_ visitor gave us something new to talk about. Whose dog was he? Did someone _15_ along the road? Did he _16_ to stay? Anyway, it would be dark soon, and he would be _17_ on the winter night. Jim sat in the rocking chair by the front window where he could _18_ the happy black dogs ings and goings.My _19_ said he wanted to live long enough to see the new millennium (千禧年), and he did. He _20_ away on January 2. That was the day the black dog left. Later we heard that he was a rescued dog about a mile and a half from the farm. They named him Bogart.【文章大意】本文主要講述了一只無家可歸的狗來到作者家并給作者家?guī)砦拷宓墓适隆?A.surprise BfortCdisaster Ddecision答案與解析：B根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可推知，這只狗給全家人帶來了安慰，故選B。2A.white ByellowCblack Dbrown答案與解析：C根據(jù)下文第12空前的“the black dog followed”可知，那只狗是黑色的。3A.settled BwalkedCran Dslept答案與解析：A根據(jù)空后的“as if hed lived here all his life”可推知，無家可歸的狗在走廊安頓下來，感覺就像它一直待在那里一樣。settle表示“使處于舒適的位置，安頓”。settle in表示“安頓下來，適應(yīng)于新家”。4A.thought BmethodCview Djob答案與解析：D根據(jù)空后的“was to guard the house against squirrels”可推知，此處表示“它的職責(zé)”。5A.one BitCthat Dthis答案與解析：A根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用one指代一只松鼠。6A.barking BsingingCreading Dlaughing答案與解析：A與上文的“to guard the house against squirrels”呼應(yīng)可知，狗看到松鼠就叫。bark表示“(狗)吠叫”。7A.ground BporchCtable Dcarpet答案與解析：B與上文的“dog wandered onto the front porch(走廊)”呼應(yīng)可知，此處指狗又回到了走廊。8A.joy BsadnessCshock Dexcitement答案與解析：B根據(jù)下文的“My 91yearold fatherinlaw，Jim Cravens, was seriously ill”可推知，當(dāng)時家里因為老人的重病而充滿憂傷。9A.waited BmovedCgathered Dleft答案與解析：C根據(jù)“The family had all”和“see to his care，to cook”可推知，家里人聚在一起來看護(hù)老人。gather“聚集”。10A.doctors BpassengersCreaders Dvisitors答案與解析：D根據(jù)語境可推知，此處表示歡迎來探望的人。11A.bought BenteredCleft Drented答案與解析：C根據(jù)下文中的“walk next door to my brotherinlaws house”可推知，此處表示的是“當(dāng)有人離開時”。12A.hopefully BanxiouslyChurriedly Dpatiently答案與解析：D根據(jù)下文的“wait until we were done”可知，狗很有耐心。13A.and BorCbut Dyet答案與解析：A根據(jù)語境可知，wait，follow和lie down是一系列的動作，故用連詞and。14A.happy BcuriousCeager Dfearful答案與解析：B根據(jù)下文的幾個疑問句可推知，這只狗引起了大家的好奇，空處與“gave us something new to talk about”呼應(yīng)。15A.pick him up Bdrive him backCdrop him off Dturn him down答案與解析：C根據(jù)上文的“the homeless dog”可知，大家猜測這只狗是不是被人丟棄的，故選C。16A.pretend BagreeCintend Dneed答案與解析：C根據(jù)下文的“Anyway，it would be dark soon, and he would be_17_ on the winter night”可推知，大家對這只狗接下來的安置有所擔(dān)憂，所以有了“他打算留下來嗎？”的疑問。17A.sorry BhotCwarm Dcold答案與解析：D根據(jù)空后的“on the winter night”可知，冬天夜里是寒冷的。18A.watch BhearCfeel Dimagine答案與解析：A根據(jù)空后的“the happy black dogs ings and goings”可知，此處表示“看到這只快樂的黑狗的進(jìn)進(jìn)出出”。19A.father BfatherinlawCbrother Dbrotherinlaw答案與解析：B根據(jù)上文中的“My 91yearold fatherinlaw，Jim Cravens，was seriously ill”可推知，病重的岳父想活過新的千禧年。20A.ran BdiedCwent Dpassed答案與解析：D根據(jù)上文提到老人活過了新的千禧年并結(jié)合下文的“away on January 2”可知，應(yīng)選D。pass away意為“去世”。四、單句改錯1A truck came in an opposite direction of the car, so the car driver made a sharply turn._答案：sharplysharpsharp “急轉(zhuǎn)彎的，方向驟變的”，修飾名詞turn, a sharp turn “一個急轉(zhuǎn)彎”。2Judging from the furniture in the room, the building has abandoned for a number of years._答案：has后加beenbuilding與abandon之間為被動關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為have/has been done，故應(yīng)加been。3I was about to go out while suddenly it began to rain._答案：whilewhenbe about to do . when . “正要做這時”。4Have you read the novel reflected the life of the Chinese doctors?_答案：reflectedreflectingthe novel與reflect之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將過去分詞reflected改為現(xiàn)在分詞reflecting, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語在該句中充當(dāng)后置定語修飾novel。5He was scared to die of catching a disease so hed run off to wash his hands after he shook hands with anybody._答案：diedeathbe scared to death “嚇得要死”，為固定短語。五、七選五