Unit 1 Festivals around the world一、閱讀理解 Sometimes, you just cant help it. Maybe youre watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, theres a lump in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks. A professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands,has studied crying.According to Vingerhoets, therere three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world.Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, therere emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets. Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. “Humans are very plex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma, a professor from Pittsburgh University, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears can make them get help and support from others.” She says another reason why we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal. It takes a long time to grow up. Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed(流出)emotional tears has to do with our prolonged(延長的) childhood,” he says. “Thats the time when were still dependent on adults for love,protection and care. The major advantage of tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have e in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Loud crying could attract predators(捕食者). Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case, its better to use a silent signal to ask for help,” he says. Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry.1.The tears mentioned in Paragraph 1 should belong to _.A.basal tearsB.reflex tearsC.happy tearsD.emotional tears2.What is Vingerhoets attitude to the effects of tears?A.Passive.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.3.The underlined phrase of “a silent signal” probably refers to _.A.a written languageB.predatorsC.tearsD.loud crying4.What is the best title of the text?A.Types of TearsB.Precious TearsC.Secrets of TearsD.On Tears參考答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.C解析： 1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Finally, therere emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.可推斷出,第一段提到的淚水屬于emotional tears。2.態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知其實(shí)文中這兩位科學(xué)都認(rèn)為淚水有好處,即積極看待眼淚。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中劃線前Tears were a safer way to get attention.的敘述可知,在這種情況下(在史前時(shí)期人類大聲哭泣會(huì)引來危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物),最好用這種“無聲的信號(hào)”來尋求幫助。因此這種無聲的信號(hào)就是前面所指的“眼淚”。4.標(biāo)題歸納題。文章從科學(xué)研究的角度對(duì)眼淚的種類、哭的原因等做了科學(xué)的分析,揭示了眼淚不為人知的秘密。故該項(xiàng)用作文章的標(biāo)題最佳。二、單句語法填空1(2017北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.答案：can此處表示能力，要用can。2I think you should apologize to your brother _your rudeness.答案：forapologize to sb. for sth. “因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼浮薄?It is surprising that there are still many people in the world _(starve) to death each year.答案：starvingstarve to death “餓死”，people和starve在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，故要用starve的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作后置定語。4No official _(permit) has been given for the event to take place.答案：permissionofficial permission “官方許可”，在句中是名詞短語作主語。5Forgive others, and you _(forgive)答案：will be forgiven本句是“祈使句，and sb. will do .”句式，本句中forgive和you存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6The story reminds me _an unforgettable experience I once had.答案：ofremind sb. of sth. “使某人想到某事”。7Contrary to the popular belief _classical music is too plex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create.答案：that句中belief為一抽象名詞，其后接由that連接的同位語從句進(jìn)一步解釋說明belief。8Id like to express my _(admire) for the courage and unplaining spirit of the firefighters.答案：admiration由空前的人稱代詞my可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞admiration “敬佩”。9_was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.答案：ItIt is obvious that . “很明顯”。10The judge _(award) him $1,000 in damages.答案：awardedaward在句中是謂語動(dòng)詞，意為“裁定；判給”。三、完形填空Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally _1_ and felt I was suddenly placed under _2_ of death with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)After careful thought，I _3_ my affairs；then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later，I left my bed and _4_ the long climb back.It was another year _5_ I made it.I speak of this experience because these past years have _6_ me what to value and what to believe.I _7_ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蠣)to be opened but my _8_ to be grasped.Ive also learned that its necessary to _9_ those little，allimportant things I never thought I would _10_ before：the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree，the _11_ of sunlight on running water.I seem now，with some of the _12_ freshness of childhood，to hear and see.How well，_13_，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed.It was like _14_ ones citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.Frequently，I _15_ myself that I need make notes of this _16_.Im living in now，because in it Im well，_17_，doing what I like best.It wont always be like this，_18_ Ill make the most of it and be grateful.I _19_ all this to that long time spent in bed.Wiser people e to this _20_ without having to acquire it the hard way.But I wasnt wise enough.Im wiser now，a little，and happier.1A.confusedBshockedCdetermined Dannoyed2A.trial BpressureCsentence Dcontrol3A.made up Bset upCtook up Dcleared up4A.recalled BbeganCavoided Daccepted5A.when BafterCsince Dbefore6A.assigned BtaughtCtreated Dassured7A.admit BdemandCexpect Drealize8A.knowledge BopportunityCattention Dpoint9A.dismiss BlistCdefine Dappreciate10A.notice BrecordCremember Dtrack11A.shadow BshakeCplay Dfeeling12A.damaged BrecoveredCfaded Dchanged13A.in contrast Bin returnCfor instance Dby chance14A.maintaining BregainingCdiscovering Dforgetting15A.remind BpromiseCadvise Dconvince16A.country BmomentCmemory Dinspiration17A.pleased BcourageousCconfident Dstrong18A.meanwhile BotherwiseChowever Dtherefore19A.apply BoweCcontribute Dadapt20A.awareness BagreementCment Dpromise【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一場重病讓作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的東西。因此他對(duì)自己當(dāng)下所擁有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。1B根據(jù)上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，當(dāng)被告知自己的肺部出了問題且不得不立即放棄工作臥床休息時(shí)作者感到非常震驚(shocked)。confused“困惑的”； annoyed“惱怒的”。2C作者突然覺得自己好像是被判了死緩一樣。根據(jù)語境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)”可知，此處應(yīng)選sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判處死刑”。3D仔細(xì)思考之后，作者把手頭的事務(wù)處理掉，然后回家了。根據(jù)上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解決，清理”符合語境。make up“組成，編造”；set up“設(shè)立”；take up“開始從事，占據(jù)”。4B兩年后，作者離開了病床，開始(began)了漫長的重回之前的生活狀態(tài)的“攀登”。recall“回憶起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。5D過了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is一段時(shí)間before.是固定句型，意為“過了才/就”。6B作者談及這段經(jīng)歷是因?yàn)槟切┻^去的歲月教會(huì)(taught)了作者應(yīng)該珍惜什么，相信什么。assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使確信”。7D現(xiàn)在作者意識(shí)到(realize)這個(gè)世界不是等待他去打開的牡蠣，而是需要他去抓住的機(jī)會(huì)。admit“承認(rèn)”；expect“期待，期望”。8B參見上題解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”，是固定搭配。knowledge“知識(shí)”；attention“注意力”；point“觀點(diǎn)”。9D作者也學(xué)會(huì)了欣賞(appreciate)那些不起眼的但卻很重要的東西，而作者之前從未想過自己會(huì)去注意這些東西。dismiss“不予理會(huì)，不予考慮”；list“列舉”； define“給下定義，解釋”。10. A參見上題解析。notice“注意到”；record“記錄”；remember“記得”；track“跟蹤”。11C根據(jù)上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem nowto hear and see”可知，此處指的應(yīng)是作者以前不會(huì)注意到的東西。play“輕快變幻的動(dòng)作，閃爍”，the play of sunlight on water“陽光在水面上的閃爍”。12B作者重新找回了童年時(shí)期看待事物的新鮮感。recovered“重新獲得的，重新找到的”，符合語境。13C比如，回想起自己臥床兩年后重新踏上這片土地的感覺有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合語境。in contrast“相反”；in return“作為回報(bào)”；by chance“偶然地”。14B這就像在一個(gè)差點(diǎn)失去的世界中重新獲得公民身份一樣。regain“重新得到”和下文的“l(fā)ost”相對(duì)應(yīng)。maintain“維持”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；forget“忘記”。15A作者經(jīng)常提醒自己要記下這個(gè)自己現(xiàn)在生活的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)榛钤诖丝?，作者是健康且快樂的，而且能做自己最喜歡做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合語境。promise“許諾，允諾”；convince“使相信”。16B參見上題解析。moment“時(shí)刻”；inspiration“靈感”。17A參見第15題解析。pleased“快樂的，高興的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的”。下文中的“Im wiser now，a little，and happier”亦是提示。18D它不會(huì)總是如這般存在，因此作者會(huì)充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，故用therefore。meanwhile“與此同時(shí)”；otherwise“否則”；however“然而”。19B作者將這一切都?xì)w功于他臥病在床的那段漫長時(shí)光。owe.to.“把歸功于”，是固定用法。20A更有智慧的人無需被困到如此境地也能明白這些道理。awareness“意識(shí)，明白”符合語境。promise“妥協(xié)”。四、單句改錯(cuò)1The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in the memory of the dead._答案：去掉memory前的thein memory of “為了紀(jì)念”。2Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will turn out sooner or later._答案：outupturn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。turn out “證明是；結(jié)果是”。3Its possible to hold your breathe for two minutes in practice._答案：breathebreathbreathe是動(dòng)詞，意為“呼吸”，breath是名詞，hold ones breath意為“屏住呼吸”。4The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they look forward to delivering to them quickly and cheaply._答案：deliveringdelivered句中“they look forward to”是定語從句，先行詞是information。have the information delivered “傳遞/發(fā)送信息”。5Word came the president would be shown around our school._答案：came后加thatWord came that . “消息傳來說”。that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，雖無意義但是不能省略。五、七選五Learning another language is an exciting trip into a new world, and it can take some time and effort to get there. Luckily, there are a few easy ways to make your adventure go a lot more smoothly.Learn a little every day.One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day. 1 Studying for long periods can wear you out and limit your focus. Starting with small but regular sessions is the best way to keep your grammar and vocabulary fresh in your mind.Practice out loud. 2 Pronunciation is the key to learning another language and to making yourself understood by native speakers. Read sentences aloud from books or magazines in the language you re studying, or just read over your grammar exercises while youre practicing. Youll start to get used to the way the new words sound and feel.Close the books.From films to international websites, there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world. 3 Listen to international radio stations many of them are streaming over the Internet or look up the websites of newspapers in the language youre studying. You can keep learning another language while surfing the web or having a movie night with your friends! 4 Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing! Remember to review the basics as well as new vocabulary and grammar, since everything you learn will build on the foundation you start with.Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work. 5 A. Be optimistic.B. Keep it up.C. Eventually, theyll just e naturally.D. Remember to explore some of them when youre learning another language.E. Learning another language can broaden your horizons and introduce you to new people and parts of the world.F. Get a feel for the language by saying words and phrases out loud while you practice.G. Reserve an hour to practice each day and stick to your schedule【語篇解讀】本文介紹了學(xué)好另一種語言的幾種方法。1.G 根據(jù)前一句One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day.可知學(xué)習(xí)語言的關(guān)鍵是要每天練習(xí)，因此每天要復(fù)習(xí)一小時(shí)，并且堅(jiān)持你的計(jì)劃。故選G。3.D 根據(jù)句子there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world.可知有多種方法可以在真實(shí)場景下遇到其他語種，那么下一句應(yīng)該是說我們要學(xué)會(huì)探索出一些場景。故選D。4.B 根據(jù)下面的句子Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing!可知小標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是堅(jiān)持，由此判斷選B。5.E 根據(jù)前面的句子Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work.(幸運(yùn)的是你有一個(gè)很好的理由來堅(jiān)持這個(gè)艱難的工作。)可知下面要講到原因，即這樣做的好處/優(yōu)點(diǎn)：開擴(kuò)視野，幫你看到一個(gè)嶄新的世界，由此判斷選E。