A taste of English humour一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。A new study by the British government has discovered the mental health of the countrys teenage girls has bee worse.the survey，which included 30,000 14yearold students in 2005 and 2014，showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress，up from 34 percent in 2005.British boys stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period，from 17 percent to 15 percent.The reports authors pointed out the“advent of the social media age”could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls.“The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical，cognitive(認知的)and emotional development，”Pam Ramsden，a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom，wrote in a recent blog post.“Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to bee petent(有能力的)adults.In the past, they would engage with parents，teachers and other adults in their munity as well as extended family members and friends.Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.”Throughout adolescence，girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and selfcontrol.Since teenage brains have not pletely developed，teens dont have the cognitive awareness and impulse(沖動)control to keep from posting inappropriate content.Furthermore，this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences.Social media can also feed into girls insecurities about their appearance，Ramsden said.These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person.However，these images and the messages tied to them gradually bee societal standards.1The statistics in the second paragraph show that _.Amore and more children in Britain have mental health problemsBfew girls in Britain suffered from psychological stress in 2005Cmore boys in Britain are suffering from mental pressure nowDmore British girls feel psychologically stressed than boys do now2Contrary to traditional ways of interaction，social media _.Ahelps teenagers develop qualities like confidence and selfcontrolBhas many negative effects on girls characteristic developmentCmakes teens aware of potential danger of the inappropriate contentDteaches girls to care about their appearance to meet societal standards3The underlined word“advent”in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by“_”Aarrival BendCdisappearance Dinvention【解題導語】一項新研究發(fā)現，英國少女的心理健康狀況變得更糟；分析表明，社交媒體時代的到來可能是造成英國少女心理壓力加大的主要因素?！倦y句分析】The reports authors pointed out the“advent of the social media age”could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls.分析：該句為主從復合句，句中the“advent of the social media age”could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls為省略了that的賓語從句，作動詞短語pointed out 的賓語。譯文：報告的作者指出，“社交媒體時代的到來”可能是造成英國少女心理壓力增加的主要因素。1D考查推理判斷。根據第二段的第一句可知，調查顯示，2014年37%的英國少女有心理壓力，而2005年只有34%；根據第二段的第二句可知，同期調查顯示，英國少年有心理壓力的從2005年的17%降到2014年的15%。據此可以判斷，英國少女有心理壓力的比少年多，故D項正確。2B考查細節(jié)理解。根據第五段的最后一句“Furthermore，this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences”和最后一段第一句的“Social media can also feed into girls insecurities about their appearance”可知，由于青少年的思想還不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒體對英國少女的心理健康和她們對外表美丑的判斷產生了消極的影響。故B項正確。3A考查詞義猜測。結合該段內容和下文關于傳統交流方式和社交媒體的比較可知，報告的作者指出，“社交媒體時代的到來”可能是造成英國少女心理壓力增加的主要因素。據此可知，畫線詞意為“到來”，故A項正確。二、單句語法填空1(2017北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife，_ (range) from butterflies to elephants.答案：ranginga large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動關系，故用動詞ing形式作后置定語。2Shopping is no longer just a necessity; it has bee a form of _(entertain)答案：entertainment介詞of后接名詞，故填entertainment “娛樂；娛樂活動”。3The news said that the schools in that southwestern area are _(bad) off for teaching equipment, and even teachers.答案：badlybe badly off for sth.“缺乏某物”。4To everyones _(astonish), he has won the game.答案：astonishmentto ones astonishment “使某人吃驚的是”。5The villager doesnt want more moneyhe is content _what he has.答案：withbe content with .“對感到滿足”。6Sam _(convince) that his girlfriend loves him.答案：is convincedbe convinced that . “確信；相信”。7They were _(wear) out after working in the fields the whole day long.答案：wornbe worn out “筋疲力盡的”。8Up to now, I _(read) as far as the fifth chapter, the second volume of The War and Peace.答案：have readup to now “直到現在”，常與現在完成時連用。9The number of senior high school students is increasing, _is mentioned above.答案：as本句中，as引導非限制性定語從句。as is mentioned above “正如上邊所提到的”。10The season runs June through August, with additional _(perform) in March and September.答案：performances形容詞additional后應接名詞，performance在本句中意為“表演”，是可數名詞，由空后的介詞短語可知表示多場表演，故填performances。三、完形填空。(2018東北三校二模)We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news _1_， and pictures of their babies are _2_ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not _3_ of itself.The lovely animals have _4_ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot _5_ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to _6_ whether children or animals have a _7_ of selfawareness.In the test, an animal is presented _8_ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see _9_ it notices a mark on its face, which is only _10_ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often _11_ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, _12_ of them did the same thing as those animals did. _13_， each panda behaved as if their _14_ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were _15_ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking _16_.The _17_ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈養(yǎng)). For example, onedirectional glass sometimes used in the areas may _18_ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the _19_. Thats because they might believe it to be another panda, _20_ themselves.1A.papersBcoversCheadlines Dpages2A.widely Bpopularly Cespecially Dpletely3A.shy BfondCconscious Dconfident4A.failed BignoredCfaced Dconducted5A.observe BdiscoverCrecognize Dunderstand6A.believe in Bfind outCpick out Dtake in7A.sense BquestionCopinion Dthought8A.for BwithCin Dbefore9A.how BwhenCwhy Dwhether10A.touchable BseeableCsensible Dpossible11A.dismisses BadmitsCfeels Dmoves12A.all BmostCone Dnone13A.Thus BHoweverCInstead DStill14A.reaction BreflectionCoperation Dimagination15A.trapped BamazedCthreatened Dteased16A.backwards BaloneCforwards Dalong17A.failure BouteCsuccess Dreview18A.cause BprepareCaccelerate Durge19A.eyes BcagesCzoo Dglass20A.other than Bregardless ofCbecause of Drather than【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文對大熊貓、兒童還有其他的動物都做了有關自我意識感方面的研究，結果顯示大熊貓的自我認知很差，即使照鏡子，它們也認不出鏡子里的自己。1C考查名詞辨析。根據上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，當一個大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會上國內新聞頭條。C項意為“頭條(新聞)”，符合語境。A項意為“報紙”；B項意為“封面”；D項意為“頁碼”，均與語境不符。故選C項。2A考查副詞辨析。上文提到，當一個大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會上國內新聞頭條；由此可推知，大熊貓寶寶的照片會被廣泛傳閱。A項意為“廣泛地”，符合語境。B項意為“流行地”；C項意為“特別地”；D項意為“完全地”，均與語境不符。故選A項。3C考查形容詞辨析。根據第二段第一句中的“a classic test of selfawareness”可知，這里指的是現在看起來大熊貓是沒有自我意識的。C項意為“有意識的”，符合語境。A項意為“害羞的”；B項意為“喜歡的”；D項意為“自信的”，均與語境不符。故選C項。4A考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“They cannot. have a _ of selfawareness.”可知，可愛的大熊貓沒有通過這種經典的自我意識測試。A項意為“失敗”，符合語境。B項意為“忽視”；C項意為“面對”；D項意為“指揮，引導”，均與語境不符。故選A項。5C考查動詞辨析。根據下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition.”可知，此處指大熊貓認不出鏡子中的自己。C項意為“辨認出”，符合語境。A項意為“觀察”；B項意為“發(fā)現”；D項意為“理解”，均與語境不符。故選C項。6B考查動詞短語辨析。根據語境可知，此處指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或動物是否有自我認知。B項意為“找到，弄清楚”，符合語境。A項意為“相信，信任”；C項意為“挑選出”；D項意為“吸收，欺騙”，均與語境不符。故選B項。7A考查名詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指自我認知，是一種感覺。A項意為“感覺”，a sense of為固定搭配，意為“一種感”，符合語境。B項意為“問題”；C項意為“觀點”；D項意為“想法”，均與語境不符。故選A項。8B考查介詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指在實驗中，動物在鏡子中呈現出來。表示使用某種工具，應用介詞with。9D考查連詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指研究者想觀察大熊貓是否能注意到它臉上的記號。故選D項。10B考查形容詞辨析。根據常識可知，在自己臉上的標記，只有在鏡子中才能看到。B項意為“可見的”，符合語境。A項意為“可觸摸的”；C項意為“可覺察的”；D項意為“可能的”，均與語境不符。故選B項。11C考查動詞辨析。根據下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此處指如果動物注意到臉上的標記，它會感受到這個標記的。C項意為“感受，感覺”，符合語境。A項意為“解雇，解散”；B項意為“承認”；D項意為“移動”，均與語境不符。故選C項。12D考查代詞辨析。根據上文及轉折詞“but”可知，此處指沒有一只大熊貓像其他動物一樣能感受到臉上的標記。故選D項。13C考查副詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指“相反，每一只大熊貓表現得就像鏡子里的影像是其他大熊貓”。C項意為“代替，而不是”，符合語境。A項意為“因此”；B項意為“然而”；D項意為“仍然”，均與語境不符。故選C項。14B考查名詞辨析。根據常識可知，鏡子中應是映照出的影像。B項意為“映像，倒影”，符合語境。A項意為“反應”；C項意為“操作，手術”；D項意為“想象”。均與語境不符。故選B項。15C考查動詞辨析。根據下文中熊貓的反應可知，熊貓表現出好像受到鏡子中“自己”的威脅。C項意為“威脅”，符合語境。A項意為“使陷入困境，卡住”；B項意為“使驚訝”；D項意為“取笑，戲弄”，均與語境不符。故選C項。16A考查副詞辨析。根據常識可知，害怕會向后退。A項意為“向后”，符合語境。B項意為“獨自地”；C項意為“向前”；D項意為“一起，沿著”，均與語境不符。故選A項。17B考查名詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指研究的結果。B項意為“結果”，符合語境。A項意為“失敗”；C項意為“成功”；D項意為“復習”，均與語境不符。故選B項。18A考查動詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指可以成像的玻璃會讓大熊貓感到有壓力。cause sb. to do sth. 意為“導致某人做某事”，符合語境。B項意為“準備”；C項意為“加速”；D項意為“督促”，均與語境不符。故選A項。19D考查名詞辨析。根據上文中的“onedirectional glass”可知，glass符合語境。故選D項。20D考查介詞短語辨析。由語境可知，此處指這就是因為大熊貓相信鏡子里是別的大熊貓而不是自己。D項意為“而不是”，符合語境。A項意為“除了”；B項意為“不管”；C項意為“因為”，均與語境不符。故選D項。四、單句改錯1Perhaps you can help me pick up a pair of jeans now, since you are an expert._答案：upoutpick out “挑選”。2She stood outside the station, looking at all directions, but apparently no one had e to meet her._答案：atinin all directions “朝/向四面八方”。3With the electricity being cut off, all the machines had to stop working._答案：去掉beingcut off與electricity存在邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞短語作賓語補足語，表示動作已完成。4Occasions are quite rare that I have time to spend a day with my kids._答案：thatwhen此處occasions意為“時機；時候”，在本句中為先行詞，引導詞在定語從句中作狀語，表時間。故用when引導該定語從句。5Being too particular with what you wear is not a good habit._答案：withabout/overbe particular about/over “對挑剔/講究”。五、七選五Top Ways to Spend the Holiday Season with PetsTaking a nap is a great way to refresh during the holidays，and a nap with your dog or cat(or both)is an excellent bonding opportunity.Holiday time is here.The decorating，the shopping，the cooking，the cleaning，the wrapping._1_ In the seasons craziness our furry family members tend to get ignored or overstimulated(過度刺激的)_2_ But they dont have to：be sure to pay attention and give them a break from the activity when they need it and add them to the fun when they dont.Rest time.If your pet seems stressed，have a safe place for him away from activity.Cats should have a quiet，cozy spot to sleep with food，water，and their litter box._3_ Be sure to have a soft area for sleep，a toy or two，water，and some food.But you might need a nap，too，to refresh for holiday festivities.So use this time to take one together._4_Many Christmas tree farms wele pets on a leash(皮帶)Your pet will just love being with you outdoors while you share one of the seasons most honored traditionspicking out the perfect tree.Just be sure to call the farm first to confirm that pets are wele.and you have a new annual tradition.Go have a catch.Give your pup a good run and wear him out ahead of when pany visits._5_ This way，hell be happy and relaxed when greeting guests.Dog parks are ideal as pups can run，chase tennis balls，and socialize with others.Always remember to walk to and from the park with your pup on a leash and poop bags in hand.AKeep pets on a leash.BDogs love playing catch.CDogs might also need one.DBut where do our pets fit in?EPick out the family Christmas tree.FAs a result，pets can experience restlessness and anxiety.GMany pets would love to be included in some of the activities.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。如何在假期和寵物一起度過一段美好時光？作者給我們提出了幾條建議。難句分析：Your pet will just love being with you outdoors while you share one of the seasons most honored traditionspicking out the perfect tree.(倒數第二段第二句)譯文：當你與你的寵物分享這個節(jié)日中最神圣的傳統活動挑選圣誕樹時，它是非常樂意與你外出的。1D根據空格前面“The decorating，the shopping, the cooking, the cleaning，the wrapping.”可知，我們通常在假期會把時間花在裝飾、購物、烹飪、打掃等事情上，D項表示“但我們把寵物置于何地？”與上文銜接緊湊，符合語境。故選D項。2F根據上句“In the seasons craziness, our furry family members tend to get ignored or overstimulated(過度刺激的)”可知，此處應選F項，指“這樣的話，寵物可能休息不好或焦慮”，與上句構成因果關系，符合語境。故選F項。3C根據上句“Cats should have a quiet, cozy spot to sleep with food，water，and their little box.”及下句“Be sure to have a soft area for sleep，a toy or two，water，and some food.”可知，此處指寵物和人都需要有舒適的地方來休息。故C項“狗也需要一個這樣的地方”能夠承接上文，符合語境。故選C項。4E文章倒數第二段主要介紹了作者建議我們帶著寵物去挑選圣誕樹。故E項“挑選家庭圣誕樹”符合題意，適合做本段標題。故選E項。5B根據本段標題中的關鍵詞“catch”和空格處后的“This way，hell be happy and relaxed when greeting guests.”可知，B項“狗喜歡玩接球”符合語境。故選B項。