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Unit 1 一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí) （一）單句語法填空 1． The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ (develop) after great effort. 答案：developed　提示詞為動詞，且句中已有謂語was satisfied to see，便會考慮此處為“動詞(see/hear/feel/watch/notice等)＋名詞或代詞＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)；再根據(jù)所給的動詞和其邏輯主語的關(guān)系確定答案。句意為：經(jīng)過一番努力之后，看到許多新產(chǎn)品被開發(fā)出來，經(jīng)理感到很滿意。此處為see sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，動詞develop與賓語many new products之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補表示被動、已完成，故答案為developed。 2．(2014廣東，25)We got a little ________(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind. 答案：sunburned或sunburnt　給出的提示詞為動詞，并且句中也有了謂語動詞got，考慮設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式；再分析sunburn與其邏輯主語we的關(guān)系可判斷應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。本題考查“get＋過去分詞”表示狀態(tài)。got在該題中為連系動詞，且sunburn與we之間為動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作表語。因此，答案為sunburned或sunburnt。 3．(2014天津，5改編)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only______(find) it didnt fit. 答案：to find　給出的提示詞為動詞，句中已有謂語動詞took和tried，故此處考慮用非謂語動詞作狀語；再根據(jù)空前的only及句意可判斷此處為“only＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：她急切地從包裹里拿出裙子穿上，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。故填to find。 4．(2015廣東省七校聯(lián)合體聯(lián)考)When there was no place in the whole field ________(leave) to dig, the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time. 答案：left　句意：當整塊兒地都沒有什么可挖的地方時，兔子挖了一個隧道，直通到狗一直躺著的地方。這里的提示詞leave和前面的place是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用left。 5．Henry cant attend the party ________(hold) at Toms house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party ________(hold) at Maries house tomorrow. 答案：being held; to be held　考查非謂語動詞作定語。第一空，根據(jù)at present可知，hold這個動作正在進行，且hold與party之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用being held；第二空，根據(jù)tomorrow可知，hold這個動作尚未發(fā)生，且hold與party之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用to be held。 （二）英漢互譯 1. disability n. __________ 2. disabled adj. __________ 3. hearing n. __________ 4. eyesight n. __________ 5. △syndrome n. __________ 6. △infantile paralysis __________ 7. △Rosalyn n. __________ 8. lap n. __________ 9. ambition n. __________ 10. ambitious adj. __________ 11. dictation n. __________ 12. △Sally n. __________ 13. noisy n. __________ 14. suitable adj. __________ 15. entry n. __________ 16. beneficial adj. __________ 17. △Marty __________ 18. in other words __________ 19. clumsy adj. __________ 20. △bump vi. __________ 21. outgoing adj. __________ 22. adapt vt. __________ 23. adapt to __________ 24. bench n. __________ 25. cut out __________ 26. microscope n. __________ 27. out of breath __________ 28. absence n. __________ 29. fellow adj. n. __________ 30. annoy vt. __________ 31. annoyed adj. __________ 32. △annoyance n. __________ 33. all in all __________ 34. firm n. adj. __________ 35. software n. __________ 36. sit around __________ 37. as well as __________ 38. parrot n. __________ 39. tank n. __________ 40. tortoise n. __________ 41. in many ways __________ 42. psychology n. __________ 43. psychologically adv __________ 44. make fun of __________ 45. encouragement n. __________ 46. conduct n. vt. __________ 47. △mainstream n. __________ 48. △fulfilling adj. __________ 49. never mind __________ 50. politics n. __________ 51. abolish vt. __________ 52. △abolition n. __________ 53. resign vi. & vt __________ 54. slavery n. __________ 55. literature n. __________ 56. △Barry Minto __________ 57. △Mount Kilimanjaro n. __________ 58. panion n. __________ 59. assistance n. __________ 60. congratulate vt. __________ 61. congratulation n. __________ 62. bowling n. __________ 63. graduation n. __________ 64. certificate n. __________ 65. all the best __________ 66. architect n. __________ 67. △Sanders n. __________ 68. adequate adj. __________ 69. access n. __________ 70. accessible adj. __________ 71. △wheelchair n. __________ 72. handy adj. __________ 73. △earphone n. __________ 74. △impair vt. __________ 75. row n. vt . & vi. __________ 76. basement n. __________ 77. outwards adv. __________ 78. exit n. __________ 79. meet with__________ 80. approval n. __________ 81. dignity n. __________ 82. profit n. __________ 83. △italics n.（pl） __________ 84、munity n. __________ 二、閱讀理解 A Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long-term survival, a study suggests. "This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellow crested cockatoos(小葵花鳳頭鸚鵡)," said Luke Gibson, a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him. This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate(調(diào)查)how a critically endangered species had bee self-sustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species being established as a separate population, which they hadn’t thought of, including the yellow-crested cockatoo in their city. "This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade," he told BBC News. "Poachers(偷獵者)go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the bird and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds. This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But its really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds set free, it allowed a new self-sustaining population to be established in this city. The government in of Dr. Gibson’s city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a non-native species. Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr Gibson, unlike in its native range in Indonesia, where capturing birds forms a major source of ine. However, there can be downsides(缺點) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and suffering from novel diseases. It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve "harvesting" some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss. 1.What was beyond Gibson’s expectations according to the first paragraph? A. The high rate of wildlife trade. B. The preciousness of the birds. C. The fact that the birds nearly disappear. D. The news that the birds were poached. 2.What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad? A. They formed a separate population. B. They were kept as pet birds. C. They were traded illegally. D. They were killed for research. 3.Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”? A. Peace-loving. B. Rich. C. Free. D. Environment –friendly. 4.For what purpose did the author write the passage? A. To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade. B. To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing. C. To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation. D. To raise people’s awareness of protecting endangered species. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。講述的是一項研究表明逃跑的非法交易的瀕危物種形成了次級群體，為它們的長期生存提供了希望，也呈現(xiàn)了野生生物保護的一種可能的方法。 1.C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話 He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.可知他沒有料到的是這些鳥是非常瀕危的物種，與C項一致，故選C。 2.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句話可知有些養(yǎng)這種鳥的人偶然地或者故意地放了它們，由此在這個城市里形成了單獨的自我維持數(shù)量的鳥，故選A。 4.C 【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句話It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve "harvesting" some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.可知本文作者是為了介紹野生生物保護的一種創(chuàng)新的方法，故選C。 B When I was a boy we used to live across the road from a big hill with huge oak trees growing out of it. When winter arrived, thick and heavy snow would fall, and my two brothers would grab their sleds heading over to the hill for a day of fun. I remember watching them with envy because I was still too small to go sledding. Finally, one winter I was considered big enough and joined my brothers as they carried their sleds up the long hill and prepared to ride down it. The first few trips I rode with one of my brothers had the time of my life.It was so exhilarating when the wind whipped across my face as I flew down the hillside on the wooden sled.Near the end of the day I was too overjoyed when my oldest brother decided to let me try riding the sled all by myself. I climbed on it full of excitement and lay on my stomach. Then with one big push my brother sent me down the snowy hillside.I was doing pretty well too until I hit an old stump hidden by the snow and went off course，straight towards one of those big oak trees. My heart pounded in my chest and I could hear myself screaming. At the last possible second I rolled off and the sled crashed into the tree.I could hear my brothers running down the hill yelling，“You have to steer(操控)! You have to steer！” Sadly, that wasn’t the last time I failed to steer when some obstacle knocked me off course in my life.Many times problems，troubles, and my own failures have sent me crashing into the trees of anger，frustration, and despair. I am still learning that life isn’t always safe sledding. I am still learning that it is up to me to steer myself back to love, back to kindness，back to goodness，and back to God. Life is a trip, but no one ever said it was a smooth ride.Steer well then.Steer straight.Steer your soul towards the light and the love that are all meant for us. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　作者小時候有一次滑雪時差點撞到橡樹上，但在最后一刻，作者翻滾到雪地里才得以化險為夷，同時他學(xué)到了一個人生道理：學(xué)會自我掌控。 1．What do we know about the author when he was very young? A．He lived on a big hill with huge oak trees on it. B．He was frightened to go sledding with his brothers. C．He longed to go sledding with his brothers. D．He carried his brothers’ sleds as they went sledding. C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“I remember watching them with envy because I was still too small to go sledding.”可知，作者因為年齡太小不能去滑雪，只能嫉妒地看著哥哥們玩。據(jù)此可知，作者小時候很渴望和哥哥們一起滑雪，故C項正確。 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word“exhilarating” in Paragraph 2? A．Delightful.　　　　　 B．Terrifying. C．Ordinary. D．Violent. A　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“It was so exhilarating when the wind whipped across my face as I flew down the hillside on the wooden sled.”可知，這句話描述的是作者第一次滑雪時在木雪橇上從山上沖下去，風(fēng)從臉上刮過時的快感。根據(jù)第一段作者渴望滑雪的描述再結(jié)合下文中的“overjoyed”可知，作者玩得很開心，據(jù)此可以判斷，畫線詞意為“令人愉快的”，故A項正確。 3．Why did the author fall off his sled? A．Because his sled crashed into an oak tree. B．Because he lost control of his sled. C．Because his brother pushed it so hard. D．Because the hillside was snowy. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I was doing pretty well...one of those big oak trees.”可知，作者撞到了雪地里的一個樹樁，然后徑直撞向一棵大橡樹，再結(jié)合該段中的“At the last possible second... You have to steer！”可知，作者從雪橇上掉下來是因為他失去了對雪橇的控制。故B項正確。 4．What does the author mean to tell us? A．Losing control of a sled can be dangerous. B．Courage and determination can change one’s life. C．Life can be controlled by oneself. D．Life is a mystery full of coincidences. C　解析：推理判斷題。通過全文再結(jié)合文章最后一段的前兩句“Life is a trip, but no one ever said it was a smooth ride. Steer well then.”可知，作者認為人生的旅程不是一帆風(fēng)順的，應(yīng)該學(xué)會掌控生活。據(jù)此可以判斷，本文旨在告訴讀者，人生是可以由自己撐控的，故C項正確。 三、七選五 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 1 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological. One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 2 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 3 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The mon cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. 4 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(傾向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly . 5 A. However,women,onaverage,livelonger. B. Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart. C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes. D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway. E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities. F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife. G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions. 【語篇解讀】本文介紹了女性比男性壽命長的原因。 1.A 根據(jù)空格下一句 ＂一般說，女性比男性多活6到7年＂可知此處的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性壽命更長。故選A。 2.G 根據(jù)空格上句＂男性和女性之間荷爾蒙的不同幫助女性活得更久＂可知此空的意思是：荷爾蒙是身體分泌的控制身體各種功能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選G。 3.D 根據(jù)下句＂它們幫助身體本身抵抗各種感染＂可知此空的意思是：女性荷爾蒙也用另一種方式保護身體。故選D。 5.E 根據(jù)空格前兩句＂一些人認為女性的身體細胞有比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認為男性的身體細胞有老化較快的傾向＂可知E項＂最近的研究似乎支持這兩種可能＂符合題意。故選E。