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Unit 3 Science versus nature 一、閱讀理解。 Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up e the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place. This tension between what we feel we can have and what we’re seemingly able to have is the niggling(煩人的)suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it’s easier to just give up. But we’re never meant to let go of part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us — the real us. It’s the part that believes in the life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little ＂dead＂ inside because you’re dropping ＂you＂. So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns? Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today’s challenges. While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind — or the minds of those close to us — usually says we can’t. That isn’t a reason to stop, it’s just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It’s all about starting simple and doing it now. Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you’ll be on your way. 1. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should ________. A. slow down and live a simple life B. be careful when we choose to change C. stick to our dreams under any circumstances D. be content with what we already have 2. What is the key to breaking the old patterns? A. To focus on every detail. B. To decide and take immediate action. C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act. 3. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph? A. Escape from your punishment. B. Realization of your dreams. C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations. 4. What does the author intend to tell us? A. It’s easier than we think to get what we want. B. It’s important to learn to accept sufferings in life. C. It’s impractical to change our way of thinking. D. It’s harder than we expect to follow a new course. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。生活中有許多挑戰(zhàn)，我們面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)、追求夢(mèng)想時(shí)可能會(huì)陷入僵局。作者提供了一些建議——不要杞人憂天，放下包袱，實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想很容易。 1.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句＂If you drop that，you begin to feel a little ‘dead’ inside because you’re dropping ‘you’. ＂可知，如果你放棄了夢(mèng)想，就開始感覺自己內(nèi)心＂死了＂，因?yàn)槟闶チ俗约旱淖非?。由此可以推理出，在任何情況下我們都應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持夢(mèng)想。 3.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的建議＂Decide and act before overthinking.＂(在過度思慮之前做決定和行動(dòng))可知，不要杞人憂天，你要感到放松。故C正確。 4.A 【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知作者針對(duì)追求夢(mèng)想提供了一些建議，告訴我們不要杞人憂天，放下包袱，實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想很容易。由此可知A正確。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1.—I’ve had a bad cough recently. —Me too. I’ve never experienced _______ of air pollution in cities before. A. an acute problem B. a more acute problem C. a most acute problem D. the most acute problem 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)概念的用法。句意：在城市中，以前我從來沒經(jīng)歷過(比這)更嚴(yán)重的空氣污染問題。從 never , before 可以看出原來從來沒有比這更嚴(yán)重的，本句中用形容詞比較級(jí)表達(dá)的是最高級(jí)的概念，一個(gè)……的問題，用 a。 2.Recently, a video _______ “tiger attack in the zoo” became widespread on the Internet and aroused a heated discussion about who was actually responsible. A. being titled B. titled C. titling D. have titled 【答案】B 【解析】titled=which was titled。句意：最近，一段標(biāo)題為“動(dòng)物園里老虎的攻擊”的視頻在因特網(wǎng)上迅速傳播開來，并引起了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于實(shí)際上由誰來承擔(dān)責(zé)任的熱烈討論。 3.The pupils in our school like reading after lunch, most of _______ seated on the grass unless it rains. A. them B. whom C. that D. who 【答案】A 【解析】本題看似在考查代詞、關(guān)系代詞的用法，實(shí)際上最主要的還是與非謂語動(dòng)詞有密切關(guān)系。根據(jù)題干可知， 句中的seated 為過去分詞， 因此選 A項(xiàng)， 構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“most of them seated on the grass unless it rains”。句意：我校學(xué)生喜歡午飯后讀書，除非下雨，他們中大多數(shù)人就坐在草坪上讀書。 4.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California? —It implies that drug users find themselves _______ in a prison from which they cannot escape. A. to be trapped B. having trapped C. trapped D. trapping 【答案】C 【解析】句意：吸毒者發(fā)現(xiàn)他們被困于監(jiān)獄中而不能逃跑。trap 與 themselves 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選 C。find 后面作補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶 to；B、D 兩項(xiàng)為主動(dòng)意義。 5. _______ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here. A. Being attached B. Attached C. Attaching D. Having attached 【答案】B 【解析】我們可以將 Attached to the gift was a note 理解成 A note was attached to the gift 句意：附在禮物上的是一張便條，便條上說對(duì)在他在這里逗留期間我們給他的接待表示感謝。 6.Trump Tower, _______ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization, is a 58story skyscraper _______ in Midtown Manhattan. A. serving, located B. served, located C. served, locating D. serving, locating 【答案】A 【解析】Trump Tower 與 serve 是主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞，由此可以排除 B、C 兩項(xiàng)；表示“位于某地點(diǎn)”，用固定短語“be located in...”，因此第二空用過去分詞。句意：川普大樓作為川普集團(tuán)的總部，是一座坐落在曼哈頓的一棟 58 層的摩天大樓。 7.The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when _______ by the police determine the punishment, _______ from a small fine to life imprisonment. A. caught; ranging B. caught; ranged C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged 【答案】A 【解析】 catch 與 person 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 因此要用過去分詞， 排除 C、 D 兩項(xiàng)； range from...to...意為“從……到……”，不用被動(dòng)。句意：一個(gè)人被警察抓獲時(shí)所攜帶的非法毒品的種類和數(shù)量決定了懲罰的輕重。范圍從少量罰金到終身監(jiān)禁不等。 8.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices _______ in the world. A. heard B. having heard C. hearing D. to be heard 【答案】A 【解析】句意：女性應(yīng)該得到尊重，她們的聲音應(yīng)該讓全世界人聽到?！癿ake＋賓語＋過去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示“使得……被……”，符合語境，make their voices heard 表示“讓她們的聲音被聽到”。 9.—Sharon, why is the man so upset now? —His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _______, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station. A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen 【答案】B 【解析】句意：由于他的錢包、手機(jī)和身份證都被偷走了，所以警察正在調(diào)查，將把他送往一個(gè)社會(huì)救助站。根據(jù)句意可知，用“名詞＋過去分詞”這個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)?steal 與名詞 wallet、mobile 和 IDcard 都為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。 10.The draft regulation on the online protection of minors, _______ for public opinions by the cyberspace authorities, has drawn wide public concern. A. releasing B. having released C. to release D. released 【答案】D 【解析】 句意： 網(wǎng)絡(luò)部門發(fā)布的未成年人網(wǎng)絡(luò)保護(hù)條例草案， 引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。 根據(jù)題意可知， release和 draft 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即用過去分詞作定語。 11.To prevent further pollution, many people are _______ the use of alternative energy sources. A. applying to B. pensating for C. catering to D. pushing for 【答案】D 【解祈】句意：為了防止進(jìn)一步的污染，許多人正在呼吁使用可替代的能源。apply to 適用于，應(yīng)用于； pensate for 賠償；cater to 迎合；push for 努力說服，力勸，呼吁。 12.The guest was pleased with the waiter so gave him a small sum _______ in consideration of his service. A. in terms of B. in place of C. in consideration of D. in need of 【答案】C 【解祈】in consideration of sth.=as payment for sth.作為……的報(bào)酬，作為……的酬勞。句意：客人對(duì)那位服務(wù)員很滿意，所以給了他一筆小費(fèi)以酬謝他的服務(wù)。 13.I’m sure that she will remember the great favour he has _______ by offering her a home. A. promised B. made C. done D. instructed 【答案】C 【解祈】do sb. a favor 或 do a favor for sb. 的意思是“幫某人一個(gè)忙” 。the great favour 是先行詞，后面是定語從句。句意：我肯定的說，她會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住他給予了她一個(gè)家的恩惠。 14.Large quantities of information as well as some timely help _______ since the organization was built. A. has offered B. had been offered C . have been offered D. is offered 【答案】C 【解析】as well as 連接兩個(gè)名詞詞組作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要與前一個(gè)名詞詞組在數(shù)上保持一致。而“Large quantities of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；再結(jié)合語境可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選 C 項(xiàng)。句意：自從該組織成立以后，它提供了大量的信息還有及時(shí)的幫助。 15.Difficult as the task was _______, they never gave up and kept trying all the time. A. to be acplished B. to acplish C. being acplished D. to have been acplished 【答案】B 【解析】句意：任務(wù)盡管很難去完成，他們卻從未放棄并一直在嘗試。此題是 as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句與 “sth+be+adj+to do”句式的結(jié)合，在“sth+be+adj+to do”句式中，動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含 義。 三、完形填空。 Research confirm that performing acts of kindness and sharing thankful thoughts have many positive effects on mood and health. They are among the top five predictors of happiness. When you feel thankful for something.that’s gratitude. You never get it out of ___1___; you are clear who or what is responsible,whether that’s a loved one, a strange, or a higher power.Gratitude is how you ___2___ to others when you see yourself in connection with things larger than yourself. ___3___, this understanding of our reliance on others is being more ___4___ today. With mercial and social media, everythi8ng makes the younger generation feel that they are the ___5___ of the universe. If it’s all about them,why thank others? If true, there would be a disturbing ___6___ trend. Canadian researchers found that people who wrote thank-you letters or performed good deeds for a six-week period decreased their pain, upped their energy,and improved their mental health.And you can ___7___ these benefits at any age. Old people who choose to be thankful are less likely to worry about their ___8___ health. Gratitude tends to be easily spread,as well. Those who are helped are more likely to pay kindness ___9___. One study found that when someone is thanked, it more than doubles his or her chances of being ___10___ again, likely because he or she enjoys feeling socially ___11___. If you aren’t particularly grateful now,you can learn to be. People who keep a journal of three positive things that happen to them each day ___12___ health-including thankfulness. At first, it may be difficult to ___13___ the good things that occur. But ___14___, your train gets trained into a more appreciative mode. And in the end, the journal bees a book of joyful ___15___. Gratitude training certainly es to your aid during the ___16___ times because a greater appreciation for life is the___17___you focus on. ___18___ your gratefulness directly with the person you feel grateful to, the benefits of happiness ___19___. You don’t need a scientific study to know that showing and accepting gratitude can ensure you an ___20___ life, a much better life than you thought. 語篇解讀：心存感恩會(huì)給你的情緒和健康帶來益處，現(xiàn)在的人們?cè)絹碓饺鄙俑卸髦?，作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該 從日常訓(xùn)練感恩意識(shí)開始，培養(yǎng)我們的感恩情懷。做題時(shí)，把握作者態(tài)度，考慮上下文語境。 1.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything. 【答案】C 【解析】結(jié)合空白處上一句，當(dāng)你為某事感到感激的時(shí)候，這就是感謝。接著下一句 You never get it out of nothing ，這里的意思是，“你絕不會(huì)無緣無故明白它”，短語 out of nothing 指“無中生有”， 故選 C。 2.A. refer B. submit C. subscribe D. relate 【答案】D 【解析】refer to 參考，涉及；submit to 屈服于；subscribe to 訂閱；relate to 關(guān)系到。結(jié)合語境，感恩就是 在和他人建立聯(lián)系的時(shí)候，不只是關(guān)注自身。用 related to，表示與他人建立聯(lián)系。故選 D。 3.A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Besides D. However 【答案】D 【解析】therefore 因此；meanwhile 同時(shí)；besides 除此之外；however 然而。結(jié)合下文，現(xiàn)在的人變得越來 越以自我為中心，大家的感激意識(shí)變得越來越淡。此處表轉(zhuǎn)折，用 however,故選 D。 4.A. beneficial B. difficult C. stubborn D. ridiculous 【答案】B 【解析】beneficial 有益的，有用的；difficult 困難的；stubborn 頑固的；ridiculous 荒唐的。結(jié)合語境，現(xiàn) 在的人們把得到別人的幫助當(dāng)做理所當(dāng)然的事情，所以這種 understanding 變得越來越困難了，用 difficult。故選 B。 5.A. master B. center C. survivor D. creator 【答案】B 【解析】master 大師；center 中心；survivor 幸存者；creator 創(chuàng)造者。結(jié)合語境，商業(yè)和社會(huì)媒體，讓年輕 的一代認(rèn)為自己是宇宙的中心。言外之意就是年輕人現(xiàn)在越來越以自我為中心，不懂得感恩。故 選 B。 6.A. health B. mental C. cultural D. vital 【答案】A 【解析】health 健康；mental 情緒的；cultural 文化的；vital 極其重要的。結(jié)合語境，如果這一切是真的， 那么這是一個(gè)不健康的趨勢(shì)。結(jié)合文章可知作者持否定態(tài)度，故選 A。 7.A. continue B. approach C. sustain D. reap 【答案】D 【解析】continue 持續(xù)；approach 接近；sustain 支撐；reap 收獲。結(jié)合空白處前面一句“Canadian researchers found that ...”介紹了常懷感恩和行善能夠得到一些好處，所以這里應(yīng)該是收獲 these benefits，用 reap，故選 D。 8.A. original B. improving C. failing D. falling 【答案】C 【解析】original 最初的；improving 提高的；failing 失敗的；falling 下降的，跌落的。前一句談?wù)摿巳魏? 年齡的人都可以獲益，這里形容老年人的糟糕的健康問題，用 failing，故選 C。 9.A. upward B. downward C. backward D. forward 【答案】D 【解析】空白處前一句“Gratitude tends to be easily spread,as well.Those who are helped are more likely to ...”感 恩很容易傳播出去，這些被幫助的人更愿意把善良傳下去。pay kindness forward，把善良傳遞下 去。故選 D。 10.A. thankful B. respectful C. helpful D. careful 【答案】C 【解析】結(jié)合上一句“one study found that when someone is thanked.it more than doubles his or her chances of being..”一個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)某人被感謝過，那么他會(huì)有兩倍的概率去再次幫助別人，being helpful 樂于助人，同時(shí)符合前文所說的感恩很容易被傳播的觀點(diǎn)。故選 C。 11.A. valued B. influenced C. attracted D. noticed 【答案】A 【解析】valued 有價(jià)值的；influenced 有影響的；attracted 有吸引力的；noticed 注意的。結(jié)合語境推理，這 些人更容易去幫助別人，因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g感受到自己的社會(huì)價(jià)值。故選 A。 12.A. cultivate B. emphasize C. benefit D. possess 【答案】A 【解析】 cultivate 培養(yǎng)；emphasize 強(qiáng)調(diào)； benefit 有益于； possess 擁有。結(jié)合前一句“If you aren’t particularly grateful now,you can learn to be.如果你現(xiàn)在還缺乏感恩，你可以學(xué)著去做”，所以這里應(yīng)該是要培 養(yǎng)(cultivate)health-including thankfulness。 13.A. analyze B. recognize C. summarize D. organize 【答案】B 【解析】analyze 分析；recognize 意識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)；summarize 總結(jié)；organize 組織。結(jié)合語境，這里的意思是， 首先你也許不能意識(shí)到產(chǎn)生好的效果，用 recognize，故選 B。 14.A. roughly B. decidedly C. gradually D. accidentally 【答案】C 【解析】roughly 粗糙地；decidedly 果斷的；gradually 漸漸地；accidentally 偶然地。結(jié)合前一句說你可能 不會(huì)一下子獲得成效，那么可以推斷，這是一個(gè)日積月累的過程，用 gradually，故選 C。 15.A. essays B. thoughts C. files D. memories 【答案】D 【解析】 essays 文章； thoughts 思想； files 文件； memories 記憶； 結(jié)合前文“keep a journal of three positive things that happen to them each day”可知，經(jīng)過日積月累，最后都變成了有意義的記憶，故選 D。 16.A. dark B. golden C. sharp D. urgent 【答案】A 【解析】dark 黑暗的；golden 黃金的；sharp 鋒利的，激烈的，敏銳的，機(jī)警的；urgent 緊急的。結(jié)合語境, “Gratitude training certainly es to your aid during the...”感恩鍛煉能幫助你，因?yàn)閹椭?，所? 一定是在 during the dark time，故選 A。 17.A. scene B. part C. plan D. potential 【答案】B 【解析】scene 場(chǎng)景；part 部分；plan 計(jì)劃；potential 潛力，潛能。結(jié)合語境，這里說處于生活的最黑暗的 時(shí)期，感激會(huì)幫助你，因?yàn)楦佣酶屑ど钍悄憔劢沟哪且徊糠帧Ｑ酝庵饩褪歉屑び?xùn)練讓你 在最黑暗的日子也會(huì)感恩生活。故選 B。 18.A. Supplying B. Experiencing C. Starting D. Recalling 【答案】C 【解析】supplying 供應(yīng)；experiencing 經(jīng)歷；staring 開始；recalling 召回。結(jié)合語境，這里說從感謝你認(rèn)為 應(yīng)該從感謝的人開始，start with 意為“從……開始”，故選 C。 19.A. disappear B. accumulate C. emerge D. weaken 【答案】B 【解析】disappear 消失；accumulate 積累；emerge 出現(xiàn)；weaken 變?nèi)?。結(jié)合語境，這有利于幸福的積累， 用 accumulate，故選 B。 20.A. enriched B. engaged C. enlarged D. addicted 【答案】A 【解析】 enriched 豐富的； engaged 投入的； enlarged 擴(kuò)大的； addicted 上癮的。 結(jié)合下一句“a much better life than you thought.”，這里應(yīng)該是豐富我們的生活，用 enriched，故選 A。 四、七選五。 4 Key Strategies for Running to Lose Weight As one of the most active exercises out there, running is an extremely efficient way to burn calories and lose weight. A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running. 　 1 　 1. Healthy Eating is the First Step If you want to lose weight by running, keep in mind that you’ll only lose pounds if you burn more calories than you consume. To lose a pound, you have to burn, through exercise or life functions, about 3500 calories. 　 2 　Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply. Try choosing smaller portions of high-fat and high-calorie foods and eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. 2. Follow a training schedule Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run. 　 3 　So it’s much harder to postpone or skip workouts. Following a schedule can also help you avoid a running injury by not increasing your mileage too quickly. 3. Run regularly If you don’t want to follow a schedule, you still need to have some consistency with your running because you won’t lose weight by running once a week. It’s best to get some activity every day. 　 4 　If you find that your motivation to run is suffering, follow some necessary tips to get inspired. 4. 　5 　 Incorporating speed work or interval training (running at a very fast speed for short intervals of time) into your running routine can also help your weight loss efforts. Speed work burns a great amount of calories in a short period of time. You’ll also increase your muscle mass, causing you to burn more calories throughout the day. A. Keep it challenging B. Eat for Performance C. You’ll know exactly what you need to do every day and each run builds on the next. D. So you’ll need to bine running with a healthy diet. E. If you’re hoping to use running to lose weight, here’s some advice on how to be successful. F. Here are ways to improve your running motivation. G. But if that’s not possible, try to shoot for at least 3―4 times per week. 【語篇解讀】跑步是很好的減肥的方法，但是怎樣才是正確的跑步方法，文章給出一些建議。 1.E 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running.＂150磅的人跑步的時(shí)候大約燃燒100卡路里?？芍@里是：如果你想通過跑步減肥，這里有些關(guān)于怎么成功的建議。故選E。 2.D 【解析】根據(jù)下文＂Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply.＂可知這里是：你需要將跑步和健康飲食結(jié)合起來。故選D。 3.C 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run.＂可知這里是：你將知道你每天要做什么，每次跑步給下一次奠定基礎(chǔ)。故選C。 4.G 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂It’s best to get some activity every day.＂可知這里是：如果那樣不可能，每周至少鍛煉三四次。故選G。 5.A 【解析】根據(jù)下文＂Incorporating speed work or interval training＂可知這里是：要保持有一定挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。