第三講形容詞、副詞形容詞與副詞的比較等級全析考法.單句語法填空1(2018全國卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ (long) than nonrunners.解析：longer根據(jù)空后的than和語境可知，此處應(yīng)該使用副詞比較級形式，故填longer。2(2018全國卷)He screams the _ (loud) of all. 解析：loudest根據(jù)空前的the以及空后的of all可知此處應(yīng)用副詞最高級。3(20186月浙江高考)There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health.解析：higher此處表示這么做可能還會讓你付出更高的健康代價。根據(jù)even可判斷，此處要用形容詞的比較級。4(2017全國卷)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析：worse根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用副詞比較級形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。5(20176月浙江高考)Sixteen years _ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.解析：earliersixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此時的earlier相當(dāng)于before，一般直接跟在時間名詞的后面。6(2016全國卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of _ (great) and less importance.解析：greaterand連接并列成分，根據(jù)后面的less可知，此處要用形容詞比較級形式。7(2014全國卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever.解析：cleaner從后面的“than”可知此處要用形容詞比較級，故填cleaner。8(2014廣東高考)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months _ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.解析：earlier由“had made”可知該動作發(fā)生在到達(dá)旅館之前，故應(yīng)該是早在六個月之前我們就已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了，所以用副詞比較級earlier。.單句改錯1(2018全國卷)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._解析：largerlarge根據(jù)句意，作者害怕在一大群人面前講話，這里沒有比較的含義，故將larger改為large。2(2017全國卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._解析：earlierearlyget up early意為“早起”，句中沒有比較的意思，故不用比較級。3(2016四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritest._解析：favoritestfavoritefavorite沒有比較級和最高級。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則(一)形容詞和副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成例詞原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)的詞一般情況下直接加er和estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加r和stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestlargelargerlargest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，且前面只有一個元音的詞，先雙寫詞尾的輔音字母后再加er和estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的詞，先把y變?yōu)閕再加er和esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulpopularmore popularmost popularefficientlymoreefficientlymostefficiently 特別注意(1)有少數(shù)幾個雙音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。這些雙音節(jié)詞是：mon, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow, er結(jié)尾的詞。(2)有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有：right(正確的), wrong(錯誤的), excellent(優(yōu)秀的), possible(可能的), empty(空的), first(第一的), wooden(木制的), final(最后的), east(東方的), last(最后的)等。2不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指時間或空間上“更遠(yuǎn)的”)farthest(指時間或空間上“最久的；最遠(yuǎn)的”)further(指空間距離“更遠(yuǎn)的”；在更大程度上)furthest(指空間距離“最遠(yuǎn)的”；在最大程度上)oldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二)形容詞、副詞比較等級的用法1原級的用法(1)“as形容詞/副詞原級as”與“notas/so形容詞/副詞原級as”表示同級比較，即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同/不同。He doesnt run so/as fast as his younger brother.他沒有他弟弟跑得快。(2)當(dāng)as .as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的書沒有我的書多。2比較級的用法(1)“形容詞/副詞比較級than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更”?！發(fā)ess多音節(jié)形容詞/副詞原級than”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“一方不及另一方”。The book is less interesting than that one.這本書不如那本書有趣。(2)“the形容詞/副詞比較級，the形容詞/副詞比較級”表示“越，就越”。The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.機(jī)器人與人類交流得越多，它學(xué)會的就越多。(3)“形容詞/副詞比較級and形容詞/副詞比較級”表示“越來越”。It bees colder and colder when winter es.冬天來了，天氣越來越冷。(4)“the形容詞/副詞比較級of the two名詞”表示“某人或某物是兩者中較的”。Mike is the taller of the two boys.邁克是兩個男孩中個子比較高的那個。(5)形容詞/副詞比較級可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather等來修飾。It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.這個價格仍然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出我們能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價位，但是它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于最初的要價了。3最高級的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的比較，常見的結(jié)構(gòu)為“the最高級表示比較范圍的短語或從句”，表示“是中最的”。The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world.這只狗有一條逗人而短的尾巴，它的臉肯定是世上最逗人的狗臉了。(2)“one of the最高級可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最的之一”。This is one of the most important events in modern history.這是現(xiàn)代歷史上最重要的事件之一。(3)用比較級或原級表示最高級含義?！胺穸ㄔ~語比較級”表示最高級含義。比較級形式表示最高級含義。(4)最高級可以用序數(shù)詞及by far, nearly, almost, much, by no means等修飾。(三)倍數(shù)表達(dá)法倍數(shù)表達(dá)法例句A謂語倍數(shù)形容詞/副詞比較級(名詞)thanBThe electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.總的來說，泛濫成災(zāi)的電子廢棄物正以比傳統(tǒng)垃圾快三倍的速度增加。A謂語倍數(shù)as形容詞/副詞原級asBThis restaurant wasnt half as good as that other restaurant we went to.這家飯店還不如我們以前去過的那家飯店的一半好。A謂語倍數(shù)the名詞(size, length, height, weight等)ofBWhen you study the local map, youll find this town is twice the size of that one.當(dāng)你研究當(dāng)?shù)氐牡貓D時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城鎮(zhèn)是那座(城鎮(zhèn))的兩倍大。A謂語倍數(shù)thatofBA謂語倍數(shù)what從句The output of this year is three times that of 2018.The output of this year is three times what it was in 2018.今年的產(chǎn)量是2018年的三倍。常見副詞全析考法單句改錯1(2018全國卷)Immediate, I raised my hand._解析：ImmediateImmediately此處為副詞作狀語，故將Immediate改為Immediately。2(2017全國卷)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car._解析：latelater“一段時間late”表示“遲到多長時間”；“一段時間later”表示“多長時間之后”。此處表示“幾分鐘后，教練讓我把車停下來”。3(2017全國卷)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet._解析：BesideBesides句意：此外，他們還經(jīng)常從網(wǎng)上獲取一些有用的信息。beside“在旁邊”，是介詞；besides“此外”，是副詞。4(2014全國卷)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden._解析：beforeago表示在說話時之前用ago；相對于過去的某個時間或動作之前才用before。故before應(yīng)改為ago。5(2014全國卷)Since then for all these years we have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing somewhere._解析：somewhereeverywheresomewhere意為“某處”，而此處語境表示“植物到處生長”，故應(yīng)用everywhere“到處”。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則(一)易混詞辨析beside在旁邊(或附近)besides 此外，而且late遲的，晚的later后來，以后ago以前(以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn))before以前(以過去為起點(diǎn))somewhere某處everywhere到處(二)形近副詞辨析 (三)連接副詞用法一覽though一般用于句末，意為“然而，可是”表示轉(zhuǎn)折。,meanwhile意為“在此期間”表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生。,therefore/thus/consequently意為“因此，所以”，表示結(jié)果。moreover/furthermore/additionally意為“此外”，表承接關(guān)系。besides意為“另外，還有”，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。however意為“然而”，表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折，常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開。instead意為“相反”，表示相反的情況。anyway/anyhow意為“盡管，即使這樣”，表示讓步。語法填空解題“3策略”1利用提示詞(1)看到提示詞在名詞前作定語、在系動詞后作表語，或在賓語后作賓補(bǔ)，要想到用形容詞；(2)看到提示詞修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子作狀語時，要想到用副詞。2利用標(biāo)志詞(1)若是兩者之間相比，且空格后有than, 要想到用形容詞或副詞的比較級；(2)and, or, but等并列連詞連接的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，如果其中之一是比較級，要想到另一并列成分也應(yīng)用比較級；(3)注意使用比較等級的固定搭配或句型，如：the比較級 ., the比較級 .the最高級標(biāo)志性詞語或從句3利用修飾語(1)看到修飾語much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等以及百分?jǐn)?shù)，要想到比較級；(2)看到修飾語by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序數(shù)詞等，要想到最高級。據(jù)第1條解題1In some crowded (crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it.2Ehongbao is actually (actual) a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.據(jù)第2條解題3The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.4Technology is getting better and cheaper (cheap)5During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest (big) of all operas in China.6Road safety has aroused wider (wide) attention of the public than before.據(jù)第3條解題7In fact, people are much closer (close) to dogs in a way than to cows, pigs or even horses.8Please dont misunderstand me.But dont you think we should take things a bit easier (easy), darling? 9Of the two lectures, the first was by far the better (good), partly because the speaker had an extraordinary style.10It might have made it a little harder (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.短文改錯解題“3關(guān)注”1關(guān)注比較范圍如果是兩者之間的比較，則用比較級；如果是三者或三者以上的比較，則用最高級。2關(guān)注搭配句式看含有比較等級的固定搭配和句式是否準(zhǔn)確。3關(guān)注常見副詞的用法據(jù)第1條解題1Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did.richricher2And if you decide to take Dr.Kleins advice, you can make yourself even happy by remending the technique to others.happyhappier3I even have a large vocabulary than before.largelarger4But he stays outside the list of the worlds 10 rich people.richrichest據(jù)第2條解題5The more I learn English, the easy it bees.easyeasier6To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. badworse7Therefore, I was determined not to let him down any long.longlonger據(jù)第3條解題8First, its an activity concerned with all parts of my body, which is quite a good way for me to keep fit.Beside, its an activity I can enjoy whatever the weather is like except when it rains heavily.BesideBesides9Water is very important to us, without which there would be no life.Therefore, some people dont turn the tap off at once after using it.ThereforeHowever10I lived in my hometown ten years before.beforeago