A healthy life一、閱讀理解Oxford English Dictionary(OED)editors recently noted that the threeletter word “run” has indeed bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone，making it the most plicated word in the English language.The various definitions of “run” featured in the OEDs uping third edition begin with the obvious “to go with quick steps”，then continue to run on for 75 columns of type.How could three little letters be responsible for so much meaning？Context is everything.Think about it：When you run a fever，for example，those three letters have a very different meaning than when you run a bath to treat it，or when your bathwater runs over and wets your cotton bath runner，forcing you to run out to the store and buy a new one.And when you ran over a nail in the parking lot and now your car wont even run properly.Godyoud do things differently if you ran the world.When the OEDs first edition came out in 1928，the longest entry belonged to another threeletter word：“set”Even today，the print edition of the OED contains some 200 meanings，beginning with“put，lay，or stand” and continuing on for about 32 pages.So what happened? British author Simon Winchester believes “a feature of our more energetic times” made word like “set” seem more passive by parison.“Run” appears to have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution.“Machines run, clocks run, puters runall of those meanings began in the middle of the 19th century，” Winchester says.So，ready to run through the whole list of definitions？Ah，to read all 645 meanings youll have to wait for the next edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.1Which phrase has the first meaning of “run” in the uping third edition of OED?ATo run a fever.BTo run out to the store.CTo run a bath.DTo run a machine.2What does the writer intend to tell us in Paragraph 3?AVarious meanings of the word “run”BHow to use “run” in specific cases.CHow to learn about the word “run”DDifferent ways to run the world.3What can we learn from the text?A“Run” is the most difficult word.BThe meaning of “set” continues on for 75 columns of type.C“Run” had the most meanings in 1928.D“Run” has 645 meanings for the verb form in the third edition of OED.4What made “run” bee the word with the most meanings according to Winchester?AOxford English Dictionary.BThe various definitions.CUsage cases of the word “set”DThe Industrial Revolution.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。最近牛津英語詞典的編輯注意到由3個字母組成的單詞“run”僅作為動詞便具有645個不同用法，成為了英語中最復(fù)雜的單詞。無獨有偶，還有“set”一詞，也是用法較多，在詞典中有大約200個意思。詞匯意義的復(fù)雜多樣化是社會發(fā)展、進(jìn)步的象征。長難句分析：Oxford English Dictionary(OED) editors recently noted that the threeletter word“run”has indeed bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone，making it the most plicated word in the English language.(第一段)譯文：牛津英語詞典的編輯最近提到3個字母的單詞“run”實際上成了唯一一個僅就動詞形式來講就擁有645個不同用法的意義最多的單詞，這使它成為英語語言中最復(fù)雜的單詞。詞匯積累：definition n釋義，定義context n上下文，語境，背景uping adj.即將到來的1B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“uping third edition begin with the obvious to go with quick steps”可知，第三版牛津英語詞典中“run”的第一個意思是“跑”。A項意為“發(fā)燒”；B項意為“向商店跑去”；C項意為“洗澡”；D項意為“運行機器”。B項符合題意。故選B。2A推理判斷題。第三段作者都是在介紹“run”搭配的不同詞組及其意義。A項意為“run一詞的多種含義”，符合題意。故選A。3D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“uping third edition”及第一段中的“bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone”可知，在第三版牛津英語詞典中“run”作為動詞就有645個意思。A項沒有提及；B、C兩項表述錯誤。故選D。4D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Runappears to have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution.Machines run，clocks run，puters runall of those meanings began in the middle of the 19th century”可知，“run”一詞的含義在工業(yè)革命時期開始多起來。故選D。二、單句語法填空1Having been here for two years, I have been accustomed to _ (live) in such a noisy place.答案：livingbe accustomed to (doing) sth. “習(xí)慣于(做)某事”。2People can easily bee _ (mental) addicted to drugs when they start taking them.答案：mentally句意：當(dāng)人們開始吸毒時，他們可能會很容易從精神上依賴毒品。副詞作狀語修飾謂語動詞短語bee addicted to。3It is easy for adolescents to get _ the bad habit of smoking.答案：intoget into the habit of . “養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣”。4The driver was to blame for his careless driving, so a lot of money was due to _ (pay) by the driver.答案：be paidbe due to do . “應(yīng)該做”。pay與money之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填be paid。5_ (addict) to poetry, he hoped one day to be a poet himself.答案：Addicted(be) addicted to . “沉迷于”，此處為過去分詞在句首作狀語。6Farmers are now worried that the rain will have a very bad effect _ the crops.答案：onhave a bad effect on . “對有壞的影響”。7It is a shame _ we should have lost such an important customer.答案：thatIt is a shame that . “真可惜/真遺憾”，為固定句式。8You will risk _ (get) wet, because it may rain.答案：gettingrisk doing . “冒險做”。9I feel _ my duty that I should devote myself to teaching.答案：it句意：我感到致力于教學(xué)是我的責(zé)任。it在句中作形式賓語，that從句為真正的賓語。10It is the second time that he _ (participate) in the Olympic Games.答案：has participatedIt/This/That is/was the first/second . time that sb. have/had done sth. “這/那是某人第一/二次做某事”。三、完形填空。My mother was a responsible teacher and she retired.So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time.She had a little bit of puter _1_，so I just set it up for her and let her _2_ with it on her own.As time went on，I _3_ the puter was hardly touched.She said she didnt know _4_ to use it.I decided to teach her.I sat and _5_ everything and she seemed OK with what I said.Unfortunately，my sister called me at that moment _6_ we talked on the phone for an hour.Then when I saw her again，she was sitting in front of the puter，looking quite _7_.The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序) had appeared and she didnt know how to _8_ it off.She had tried _9_ every key and it didnt work.I told her，“Just _10_ the mouse a little.” What I meant was that she just needed to move the mouse around to _11_ the puter up.What she did was to _12_ the mouse and start shaking it around in midair until the _13_ went pletely black.I couldnt help laughing because of her funny _14_.The more I laughed the _15_ she got.She thought that I was a(n)_16_ teacher and she decided to figure the thing out herself.Well，at least I helped her overe her _17_ of breaking something and encouraged her to _18_ a little.About a week later，I found a homemade _19_ card with a mouse on the front making a funny face _20_ to my door.It said，“Thanks for the puter lessons.Love，Mom.”1A.theoryBknowledgeCtechnology Dhistory2A.watch BtrainCplay Dsee3A.found BheardCthought Dignored4A.why BwhenChow Dwhere5A.learned BdescribedCexplained Ddiscussed6A.and BbutCbecause Dsince7A.amusing BrelaxedCinteresting Ddiscouraged8A.get BbreakCcut Dturn9A.hitting BfeelingCchanging Dremoving10A.hang BshakeCrub Dpush11A.clean BwakeCbring Dtake12A.put up Bcut offCpick up Dput away13A.screen BcurtainCcover Dwindow14A.adjustment BimitationCexpression Daction15A.ruder BhappierCangrier Dbetter16A.impatient BhumorousCcareful Dhelpful17A.sadness BpressureCfear Ddepression18A.reply BobserveCanswer Dexperiment19A.inviting BgreetingCshopping Dbirthday20A.appeared BstuckCbined Dprinted【解題導(dǎo)語】該文主要講述了作者教退休的母親玩電腦的有趣故事。1B根據(jù)下文中的“She said she didnt know _4_ to use it.I decided to teach her”可推知，作者的母親對電腦所知甚少，此處指電腦知識(knowledge)。2C根據(jù)上文中的“So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time”可知，作者給母親一臺自己的舊電腦是讓退休的母親自己玩。play with.“玩”。3A隨著時間的推移，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)(found)電腦幾乎沒被碰過。4C根據(jù)下文中的“I decided to teach her”可推知，母親并不知道怎么(how)使用電腦，于是作者決定教她。5C根據(jù)空處前一句“I decided to teach her”和空后的“and she seemed OK with what I said”可推知，作者給母親講解(explained)了相關(guān)的電腦知識。6A根據(jù)語境可知，空處應(yīng)填連詞and，表示“然后，接著”。7D結(jié)合語境可推知，母親不會玩電腦，感到很泄氣(discouraged)。8D根據(jù)空前的“The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序)had appeared”及常識可推知，電腦出現(xiàn)屏幕保護(hù)程序，母親不知道怎么把它關(guān)掉。turn off“關(guān)掉”。9A根據(jù)空后的“and it didnt work”可推知，母親因為不懂得怎么關(guān)掉屏幕保護(hù)程序，于是就按(hitting)了每一個鍵。10B根據(jù)語境可推知，作者教母親稍微晃動(shake)鼠標(biāo)即可。下文中的“start shaking it”也是提示。11B根據(jù)語境可推知，作者是讓母親移動鼠標(biāo)，喚醒電腦。wake up“喚醒”，符合語境。12C根據(jù)空后的“start shaking it around in midair”可推知，母親聽了作者的話就把鼠標(biāo)拿起來(pick up)，在空中搖晃。13A根據(jù)語境可推知，母親不會玩電腦，拿著鼠標(biāo)亂晃，結(jié)果電腦屏幕(screen)全黑了。14D根據(jù)語境可知，作者被母親搞笑的行為(action)給逗樂了。15C根據(jù)語境可知，作者越笑，母親越生氣(angrier)。16A根據(jù)空后的“she decided to figure the thing out herself”可推知，身為老師的母親對作者教自己玩電腦這件事很有看法，認(rèn)為作者沒有耐心(impatient)。17C根據(jù)語境可推知，作者幫助母親走出了害怕(fear)損壞東西的陰影，鼓勵母親再嘗試一下。18D參見上題解析。experiment“嘗試”，符合語境。19B根據(jù)語境可知，母親自己制作了一張賀卡(greeting card) ，對作者表示感謝。20B根據(jù)語境可知，此處指卡片貼在了作者的門上。stick to.意為“粘/貼在”。四、單句改錯1Im not accustomed to get up so early to do morning exercises._答案：getgettingbe accustomed to doing . “習(xí)慣于做”。2He was determined to do it even at risk of being laughed at._答案：risk前加theat the risk of doing . “冒著做的危險”。3Too many stress does harm to your health._答案：manymuchstress “壓力”，為不可數(shù)名詞，故將many改為much。4It is high time that you go to bed._答案：gowent或在you后加shouldIt is high time that sb. did/should do . “到了某人做的時間了”。5I hate when you say such things in public._答案：hate后加itit在句中作形式賓語，真正的賓語為when引導(dǎo)的從句。五、七選五Being Refreshed without SleepingSometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good nights rest._1_ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities._2_ The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cosy；this will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more awake and refreshed.Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you._3_ Try to stick to lowcarb meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your small meal will also help keep you awake.Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better._4_ You get double the benefits if it is daytime.Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run, Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes._5_AKeep it cool.BCalm down and sleep.CAvoid big，heavy meals as they will make you tired.DGo outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air.EMissing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided.FWhen you are tired，you may just want to sit around and do nothing.GHaving a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種在沒有睡覺的情況下恢復(fù)精神的方法。難句分析：Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities.(第一段最后一句)譯文：你可以偶爾一個晚上不睡覺，通過調(diào)整飲食和活動，感覺也仍然很好。詞匯積累：adjust v調(diào)整，適應(yīng)nutrition n營養(yǎng)energize v使充滿活力positive adj.積極的，樂觀的1E根據(jù)上一句內(nèi)容可知，有時白天沒有足夠的時間完成所有的事情，晚上也不能好好休息。E項“經(jīng)常失眠可能會讓你生病，所以要避免”承接上文內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選E。2A空格處是本段的中心句。根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，開著空調(diào)會讓你覺得更加清醒、精神振作。A項“保持涼爽”與之呼應(yīng)，能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。3C根據(jù)下一句中的“stick to lowcarb meals”可知，C項中的“Avoid big, heavy meals”與之相照應(yīng)，即“不要吃太多，因為它們會使你很累”。故選C。4D空格下一句提到在白天會事半功倍。D項“不管是白天還是夜晚去外面呼吸新鮮的空氣”與下文銜接緊密，符合語境。故選D。5G根據(jù)本段的中心句“Take a break.”和空格上一句中的“for a few minutes”可知，D項中的“Having a good time for a few minutes”與之照應(yīng)。故選G。