第七講言簡(jiǎn)意賅的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞眾所周知，書(shū)面表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)過(guò)多的簡(jiǎn)單句會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得單調(diào)乏味，句子與句子之間的關(guān)系顯得松散；而過(guò)多地出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句又顯得累贅，讀起來(lái)費(fèi)勁。恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不僅使句型多樣，而且使習(xí)作結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)1.不定式Im sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.我抱歉地說(shuō)，我不能和你一起在星期五下午去書(shū)店了。We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)盡力提升自己，為未來(lái)做好準(zhǔn)備。2.動(dòng)名詞Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.而且在網(wǎng)上投票會(huì)瞬間得到反饋。Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.在操場(chǎng)上做同樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)給了我們機(jī)會(huì)促進(jìn)我們的友誼。3.現(xiàn)在分詞In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.在這幅畫(huà)中，我們可以看到一個(gè)穿著破舊衣服的男孩，坐在一張放著一摞書(shū)的舊木桌旁。4.過(guò)去分詞In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.事實(shí)上，交通規(guī)則是與公共秩序相關(guān)的規(guī)則規(guī)章的一部分。It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.它刊登了由外國(guó)朋友寫(xiě)的有關(guān)他們國(guó)家的文章。二、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句寫(xiě)作時(shí)，我們可以利用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，使其成為較高級(jí)的表達(dá)方式。轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)可采用“三步法”：第一步：寫(xiě)出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。第二步：找準(zhǔn)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的對(duì)接點(diǎn)，讓一個(gè)句子作為主干，另一個(gè)句子用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。第三步：判斷應(yīng)用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，把握好時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，最后連接起來(lái)。示例第一步：寫(xiě)出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”.It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.第二步：讓句作主句，用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)句。第三步：讓句作定語(yǔ)，由于其動(dòng)詞aim與主語(yǔ)it之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.三、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句比轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句要容易一些，因?yàn)樾柁D(zhuǎn)換的一般是從句部分，這時(shí)只需要判斷用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，再把握好時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)即可，所以只需兩步。示例第一步：寫(xiě)出復(fù)合句。Since you have realized that your time is limited，youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.第二步：把since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，realize與you之間為主謂關(guān)系，且表示完成，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)。Having realized that your time is limited，youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.跟 蹤 訓(xùn) 練.完成句子1.Hearing_youll_be_a_new_member_of_us，we are all filled with joy and cheer.聽(tīng)說(shuō)你將成為我們的一名新成員，我們心里充滿(mǎn)了興奮和快樂(lè)。2.Another suggestion is to_practice_speaking.還有一項(xiàng)建議是練習(xí)說(shuō)的能力。3.Hopefully，these books will help the students (to)_know_and_learn_Chinese_better.讓人滿(mǎn)懷希望的是，這些書(shū)籍將有助于學(xué)生更好地了解和學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。4.Letting_out your temper in this way can avoid hurting others.用這種方式釋放自己的情緒能避免傷害別人。5.Weather_permitting，we will go for an outing tomorrow.天氣允許的話(huà)，我們明天去郊游。.用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom.(用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ))All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom.2.The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry.(用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))The_boys_ing_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry.3.The boys were making the most of time.They wanted to finish the work earlier.(用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))The_boys_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_work_earlier.4.We were touched by the teachers words.We decided to work hard.(用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ))Touched_by_the_teachers_words，we_decided_to_work_hard.5.I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that，I_begin_to_think_about_what_to_do_to_help.6.Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good.(用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ))Amazed_at_how_skillful_they_were，I_determined_to_be_just_as_good.7.Because I had paid a visit to the place，I will go somewhere else this year to spend my summer vacation.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))Having_paid_a_visit_to_the_place，I_will_go_somewhere_else_this_year_to_spend_my_summer_vacation.