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第3練 代詞 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionassidewouldgivewaytotheother. 2．Whenhewokeup，hefound(he) surroundedbyagroupofchildren. 3．wasn’tuntiltwodaysagothatDadallowedmetodriveonthemotorway. 4．Atthatmoment，ayoungladywhonoticedmybookcameuptomeandintroduced(she)． 5．Myfeethadhardlytouchedthesandybottomwhenthetwomenjumpeddown，oneoneachsideof(I)． 6．Smokingdoesharmtoothers’healthaswellastoofthesmokers. 7．Oncetherelivedarichmanwhowantedtodoforthepeopleofhistown. 8．Allofthemcomplainedaboutthestonebutnottriedtoremove. 9．StudyingWendy’smenu，IfoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilartoofMcDonald’s. 10．Towarmhimself，thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainstthe. 11．Wealllikedthisactivitywhichgave(we) relaxationfromheavyschoolworkandpromotedourfriendship. 12．Thereweresomanypeoplethatwehadtopush (we) waythroughthecrowd. 13．Myparentsweresingersbutofthemplayedamusicalinstrument. 14．Iwillappreciateifyoucanwritemebackandgivemeyouradvice. 15．Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthaninsomelargerschools. 16．Thebookyouboughtlastweekseemsinteresting.Iwillalsobuytomorrow. 17．Thestudentsmustbemadetounderstandhowimportanteachsubjectisto(they)． 18．Nomatterwhereheis，hemakesaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast. 技法總結(jié) 在語法填空中 1．根據(jù)空格前后的詞確定填哪一類代詞。如果空格后是句子的謂語動(dòng)詞，要考慮人稱代詞主格；如果空格后是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，則要填形容詞性物主代詞，作定語；如果空格前是及物動(dòng)詞，則要考慮人稱代詞賓格、反身代詞、名詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等；如果空格前是起限定作用的詞，則要考慮名詞性物主代詞或不定代詞。 2．根據(jù)句子的邏輯意義確定被替代的對(duì)象的適用范圍是兩者還是多者、表示肯定意義還是否定意義、是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，如果是可數(shù)名詞，還要區(qū)分是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 能力提升 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模) Kidsseemtospendendlesshoursonsmartphones，computersandtabletsthesedays.Thebestthingparentscandotopreventitistoencourageyoungsterstospendmoretimeoutdoorsinthesunlight. Therehasbeenamassiverisearoundtheglobeinshortsightedness—ormyopiaasit’sofficiallyknown—overrecentdecades.Myopiaorshortsightednessisbecomingmorecommon.Lackofnaturallightseemstobethekeyissue.“Themainfactorseemstobealackofexposuretodirectsunlight，becausechildrenwhostudyalotandwhousecomputersorsmartphonesortabletcomputersalothavelessopportunitytorunaroundoutsideandarelessexposedtosunshineandbecauseofthatchildrenseemtobeatmoreriskofdevelopingshortsightedness.” ProfessorHammondsays，“Itmaybethere’snocoincidencethatinEastAsiancountries，themostmyopiconesallmayrelatetothemathsleaguetables(排名表)．Thesekidsarebeingpushedwithveryintensiveeducationfromaveryyoungageandspendalotoftimeindoorsstudyingcloseup.Thereforetheconcernisthatallclosework—likeplayingwiththeiPhone—carriesthepotentialthatitcouldmakethemmoreshortsighted.” Thebestthingtodo，saytheexperts，istogetchildrenplayingoutsideasmuchaspossible.Inaperfectworld，probablyonaverageacrosstheweekandtheweekend，twohoursadayoutdoorsisprotectiveofbecomingshortsightedinchildren.Healthydietisreallyalsoimportant—intermsofgettingoilyfish，greenvegetables，greenleafyvegetablesasmuchaspossible. “Whatweneedtolookatiswaysofmodifyingtheimpactthattheseactivitieshaveontheirvisualdevelopment.”ProfessorHammondsaid，“Thereareeyedropsandothertreatmentstoslowmyopiaprogression.Butintermsofpreventingmyopiaitself，thereisn’tanydataoutthereatthemomentintermsofthequestion，‘Couldthedropsweuseslowprogressionorstopmyopiadevelopingatall？’” 19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto? A．Muchnaturallight. B．Runningaroundoutside. C．Computersorsmartphones. D．Lessexposuretosunshine. 20．WhatdoesProfessorHammondthinkofshortsightednessamongEastAsianchildren? A．Itappearsquitebychance. B．Itisnotseriousenough. C．ItlargelyrelatestoiPadoriPhone. D．Itconnectswiththeirstudypressure. 21．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A．Thenumberofmyopicstudentswilldecreaseinthefuture. B．Researchershavefoundmethodstoreducemyopia. C．It’sstillahardjobtocontrolthechildren’smyopia. D．Researchersneedn’tcollectanymoredataonmyopia. 22．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A．CommonTroublesofStudents B．ProblemsCausedbyShortsightedness C．StayingOutdoorsMoretoKeepGoodEyesight D．TheImportanceofProtectingKids Ⅲ.語法填空 (2018安徽皖西南名校聯(lián)考) Likemostpeople，Iwasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasagetting.Itwasnotuntilinmylatethirties23.Imadethisimportantdiscovery：givingawaythings24.(make) lifesomuchmoreexciting.OnediscoveryImadeaboutgivingawayisthatitisalmostimpossibletogiveawayanythinginthisworldwithout25.(get) somethingback，thoughthereturnoftencomesin26.unexpectedform.OneSundaymorningthelocalpostofficedeliveredalettertomyhome，thoughit27.(address) tomeatmyoffice.Iwrotethepostmasteranoteof28.(appreciate)．MorethanayearlaterIneededapostofficeboxforanewbusinessIwasstarting.Iwastoldatthewindowthattherewerenoboxes29.(leave)，andthatmynamewouldhavetogoonalongwaitinglist.AsIwasabouttoleave，thepostmasterappearedinthedoorway.Hehadoverheardourconversation.“Wasn’tityouthatwroteusaletterayearagoaboutaspecial30.(deliver) toyourhome？”Isaidyes.“Well，youare31.(certain) goingtohaveaboxinthispostofficeifwehavetomakeoneforyou.Youdon’tknow32.aletterlikethatmeanstous.Weusuallygetnothingbutcomplaints.” Ⅳ.讀后續(xù)寫 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。 WhenIsawhertonightshesmiledandrecognizedme.Ismiledbackather.Shewaslookingmorerelaxedeventhoughshewasstillbusydoingherjob.Ihavenoticedherseveraltimeslikethislastfewmonthsandshealwayslookssomuchhappiernow.TonightwhenItalkedwithherInoticedhernametag.HernameisPamela. Pamelaworksattheexpresscheckoutsinabusysupermarket.Shedealswithproblemswhentheselfservicecheckoutexperiencesaproblem (noprice，onproduct，machineproblems，etc.)．Shemonitorsthesecheckoutsandusuallyhashardlydealtwithonecomplaintbeforeanotheriscreated. WhenIfirsttalkedtoPamela，IhadcalledhertothecheckoutIwasusing.Therewasn’tanyproblemwiththecheckoutthough.MyproblemorIshouldsayconcernwasaboutPamela.Shelookedtiredandwasunderalotofstressasshequicklymovedfromonecheckouttothenext.It’sabitofafirefightingjob. ItoldPamelathatsheneededtoslowdown.Itoldhershewasn’tgettingpaidenoughtobeworkingashardasshewasworking.Itoldherthatwe，thecustomers，couldwaitanditwasverybadforherhealthtobeputtingherselfundersuchpressure.Itoldherthatourexpectationswerenotashardastheonesshesetforherself.Pamelatoldmeshewouldslowdown.IcouldtellshewastouchedthatnotonlydidInoticeherstressbutIchosetotalktoheraboutitandwasconcernedforherhealth.Igentlytoldherthingshadtobechanged.ItoldherIwouldbelookingoutforherinfuturetoseeifshehadtakenmyadviceonboard.Shesmiledandsaid，“IpromisethatIwillnexttime.” 注意： 1．所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右； 2．至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語； 3．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好； 4．續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。 Paragraph1： WhenIsawhershewasstilldoingherjobbuttherewassuchadifference. Paragraph2： Iamproudofmyself. 答案精析語法練 Ⅰ.1.neither　2.himself　3.It　4.herself　5.me　6.that7．something　8.it　9.those　10.other　11.us　12.our　13.neither　14.it　15.that　16.one　17.them　18.it Ⅱ. 語篇解讀　本文講述的是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在室內(nèi)玩手機(jī)或埋頭學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致青少年近視率上升，專家建議多讓孩子們參加戶外活動(dòng)，有助于保護(hù)視力。 19．D　[代詞指代題。根據(jù)上文“because children who study a lot and who use computers or smartphones or tablet computers a lot have less opportunity to run around outside and are less exposed to sunshine”可知，近視的主要因素似乎是缺少陽光照射，那些學(xué)習(xí)用功、經(jīng)常使用電腦、智能手機(jī)或平板電腦的孩子很少有機(jī)會(huì)在外面四處跑動(dòng)，很少接觸陽光。此處that指“很少接觸陽光”，故選D。] 20．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“It may be there’s no coincidence that in East Asian countries，the most myopic ones all may relate to the maths league tables(排名表)．These kids are being pushed with very intensive education from a very young age and spend a lot of time indoors studying close up.”可知，哈蒙德教授認(rèn)為東亞兒童的近視與他們的學(xué)習(xí)壓力有關(guān)系。故選D。] 21．C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But in terms of preventing myopia itself，there isn’t any data out there at the moment in terms of the question，‘Could the drops we use slow progression or stop myopia developing at all？’”可知，控制孩子們的近視仍然是一項(xiàng)艱難的工作。故選C。] 22．C　[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文在第一段點(diǎn)出主題：“The best thing parents can do to prevent it is to encourage youngsters to spend more time outdoors in the sunlight.”下文進(jìn)行了具體介紹。故C項(xiàng)(多待在戶外以保持良好的視力)作為題目最合適。] Ⅲ. 23．that　[考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為：直到我三十多歲的時(shí)候，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間狀語。] 24．makes　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。這里說的是一個(gè)道理，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；giving away things是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填makes。] 25．getting　[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。without是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。] 26．a(chǎn)n　[考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，意為“以一種想不到的形式”。unexpected的第一個(gè)音素是元音，故填an。] 27．wasaddressed　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。be addressed to在(信封和包裹)上寫姓名地址；此處表示過去的動(dòng)作，故填was addressed。] 28．a(chǎn)ppreciation　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞of后用名詞。故填appreciation。] 29．left　[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。boxes與leave之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填left。] 30．delivery　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。冠詞后接名詞。故用名詞形式delivery。] 31．certainly　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故填certainly。] 32．what　[考查賓語從句。句意為：你不知道那封信對(duì)我們來說意味著什么。此處用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作賓語。] Ⅳ.參考范文 WhenIsawhershewasstilldoingherjobbuttherewassuchadifference.Ipraisedthenewher.NowPamelasaidthatothercustomerswouldhavetowaitfortheirturnwhileshedealtwithanothercustomer.Shetoldmethechangehadsignificantlyimprovedherhealth.Sheaddedthatshe’salsosharedwhatIsaidwithhercolleagues.AsIwalkedawayfromPamelamyheartwaslightened.Shehastakenmyadviceonboardandtriedtoslowdownherworkingpace.Aday’sworkmeansjustthat.Itdoesn’tmeanthatoneshouldputtwodays’workintooneday. Iamproudofmyself.NotonlyhaveIcausedPamelatoreflectonthepressureshewasputtingherselfunder，butalsosheinturnhasencouragedhercolleaguesinthesupermarkettodothesame.Ireallyfeelveryhappyandsatisfiedformyconcernandactofkindnessdomakeadifferencetothoseinneed.It’sjustasimpleactoflovethatcostsnomoney.Somyfriends，ourkindnessdoesn’thavetobematerial，butjustloving.Blessyouallforallyoudoforothers.