第一課時名詞感 悟 高 考1. Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.(2016江蘇卷)A.recipe B.recordC.range D.receipt答案A句意：你能告訴我你對幸福長壽的秘密嗎？當然是盡情享受每一天。recipe秘訣，食譜，藥方；record記錄；range范圍；receipt收據(jù)，收條。根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。2.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your _.(2016江蘇卷)A.condition B.ineC.credit D.status答案C句意：重要的是按時繳納電費，因為逾期付款可能會影響你的信用。condition 情況； ine 收入；credit 信譽； status 身份。根據(jù)句意，答案為C。3.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some _ and then let me know.(2015安徽卷)A.thought B.supportC.protection D.authority答案A句意：現(xiàn)在沒有必要告訴我你的答案。思考一下，然后讓我知道。 thought思想，思考；support支持，維持，支援，供養(yǎng)；protection保護，防衛(wèi)；authority權(quán)威，權(quán)力，當局。4.Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently.(2015浙江卷)A.produce B.pronounceC.process D.download答案C句意：研究表明左右耳處理聲音的方式不同。process加工，處理，符合語境。produce生產(chǎn)，制作，創(chuàng)作；pronounce發(fā)音；download下載。要 點 精 析一、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)1.一般說來抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當抽象名詞表示具體的東西時，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下：(1)抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的人或事。單詞抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事pleasure樂趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物fort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物delight高興令人高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情honor榮幸令人榮幸的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.您的貢獻定會促使這件事取得圓滿成功。(2)抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗的動作、行為或類別。Being able to afford a drink would be a fort in those tough times.在那些艱難的時期，能夠買得起一杯飲料會是一件令人感到欣慰的事。2. 有些物質(zhì)名詞可個體化為可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞可數(shù)名詞drink飲料two drinks兩杯飲料sugar糖a sugar一塊糖coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper紙a paper一張報紙；一篇論文tea茶two teas兩杯茶hair頭發(fā)a hair一根頭發(fā)I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了那部手機上。你永遠都不應該把飲料放到手機附近。二、名詞的詞義辨析1.形近詞的詞義辨析mand 命令parison 比較pliment 稱贊 contribution 貢獻symptom 癥狀 similarity 類似sample 樣本 sympathy 同情symbol 象征，符號 system 系統(tǒng)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last years election.兩年前她被軟禁在家，但是在去年的選舉中她仍是位具有影響力的代表性人物。2.意義相近詞的辨析motivation 動機，目的 qualification 資歷talent 天賦 technique 技能anger 生氣 rudeness 粗魯regret 后悔 panic 驚慌advice 建議 question 問題offer 提議 idea 主意Her motivation for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.她寫作的動機是為婦女爭取到接受高等教育權(quán)利的渴望。3.無一定關(guān)聯(lián)性的名詞詞義辨析source 源泉 sense 感覺result 結(jié)果 root 根源curiosity 好奇 satisfaction 滿意envy 羨慕 patience 耐心difference 不同，區(qū)別 strength 長處connection 關(guān)聯(lián) barrier 屏障，障礙Wind is now the worlds fastest growing source of power.風力是現(xiàn)今世界上增長最迅速的能源。三、名詞的固定搭配1.動詞have, take, make, pay, play, put, give等加名詞構(gòu)成的短語have a good reputation有個好名聲have a feeling of 有感覺have access to 可以獲得take advantage of 利用，趁之機take a turn 轉(zhuǎn)變get relief 得到緩解All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.所有學生都能進入在道格拉斯大廳上面的寫作中心。2.介詞后加名詞構(gòu)成的短語in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在進行中out of touch 與無聯(lián)系beyond recognition 辨認不出來The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great demand in this city.哈利波特系列圖書很受歡迎，在這座城市的需求量很大。解 題 策 略1.利用固定搭配和習慣表達(1)It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A.safety B.panyC.house D.friend答案B句意：據(jù)說， 當你感到孤獨時， 你想要狗陪伴你多長時間它們就陪伴你多長時間。keep sb pany “陪伴某人；與某人作伴”。(2)Despite such a big difference in the _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.A.point B.idea C.attitude D.sight答案C句意：盡管人們對吃什么有不同的觀點， 但是毋庸置疑的是西方人認為中餐別具一格。point 重點，見解 ; idea 想法 , 主意； sight 視力，看見。2.利用句子的平衡、對比等結(jié)構(gòu)To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.A.strengths B.benefitsC.techniques D.values答案A句意：為了使隊員更好地表現(xiàn)， 教練首先要了解隊員的優(yōu)勢和劣勢。and后weak的名詞形式， 正好與strong的名詞形式對比。strength 長處，優(yōu)點，符合句意。3.充分把握具體的語境Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry.This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A.moment B.situationC.place D.chance答案A句意：我們出去走走吧？對不起， 現(xiàn)在邀請我不是時候， 我都累得沒有力氣走路了。后面的I am too tired to walk提示了前者提出建議是不合時宜的， 故用moment “時刻， 時候” 。4.運用固定句式解決詞義辨析You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get around the city.A.source B.senseC.favor D.value答案D句意：你會覺得這張地圖在幫助你在城里逛逛非常有價值。此處用of great value, 相當于very valuable 表示“十分有價值”。針 對 訓 練1.One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015浙江卷)A.production B.stressC.energy D.power答案B句意：減少壓力最有效的方法之一就是與你信任的人談談你的感受。stress壓力，緊張，符合語境。production生產(chǎn)，制作，產(chǎn)品；energy精力，活力，干勁；power權(quán)力，勢力，影響力。2.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task.(2015湖北卷)A.emotion B.talentC.identity D.treasure 答案C句意：他執(zhí)行一項秘密任務時，給自己起了一個新的名字來掩蓋身份。A項“情緒”；B項“才能”；C項“身份”；D項“財富”。故選C。3.Could you tell me the _ of making such tasty cakes?Well，I just follow the directions in the cookbook.(福建卷)A.feature B.plan C.cost D.trick答案D句意：你能告訴我做如此美味蛋糕的訣竅嗎？好吧，我就是按照烹飪書上的說明做的。trick訣竅，故選D。4.Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.(天津卷)A.source B.sense C.result D.root答案A句意：風力是現(xiàn)今世界上增長最迅速的一種能源。A.源泉，來源；B.感覺，意義；C.結(jié)果；D.根，根源；根據(jù)上下文語境，故選A。5.Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good _.(安徽卷)A.saying B.questionC.suggestion D.account答案C句意：如果你沒有足夠的錢買一輛新車的話，為什么不先買一輛二手車呢？這是個不錯的建議(suggestion)。saying 說法；言論；account 賬戶；解釋；說明，理由。根據(jù)句意應選C。6.When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.(湖北卷)A.mand B.parison C.pliment D.contribution答案C句意：當理查德說：“你現(xiàn)在變得更討人喜愛，更漂亮了?！杯偮牭竭@突如其來的贊美，臉紅了。mand 命令，指揮；parison 對比；pliment 恭維，稱贊；contribution 貢獻。7.The local government provided _ for the homeless soon after the flood.A.possessions B.acmodationsC.souvenirs D.groceries答案B句意：洪水過后不久，當?shù)卣驘o家可歸者提供了住所。acmodation “住處，膳宿”，符合句意。possession “財產(chǎn)”；souvenir “紀念品”；grocery “食品雜貨店”。8.Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest _.A.convenience B.considerationC.interruption D.imagination答案Aat ones convenience “在某人方便的時候”。句意：你們所提供的任何幫助我都很感激，請在方便的時候盡早聯(lián)系我。9.The quiet life of the country has never had _ to me in that I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window.A.appeal B.appetiteC.affection D.application答案 A句意：寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活從來沒有吸引過我，因為我總認為鄉(xiāng)村是透過火車車窗看到的那個樣子。appeal意為“吸引力，感染力”；appetite意為“食欲，胃口；強烈欲望”；affection意為“喜愛，喜歡”；application意為“申請；運用，應用”。10.In Beijing opera，performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the _ and depths of the characters personalities.A.dimensions B.certificatesC.occupations D.consciences答案A句意：在京劇里，演員們需要在臉上畫多種臉譜并著色，以助于展示人物個性的廣度和深度。dimension意為“方面；維度；范圍，程度”；certificate意為“證書，證明”；occupation意為“占據(jù)，占有；職業(yè)，工作”；conscience意為“良知，是非感”。11.The important thing in life is to have a great aim，and the _ to achieve it.A.acquisition B.prehensionC.determination D.satisfaction答案C句意：人生中重要的事情是確定一個偉大的目標，并下決心實現(xiàn)它。acquisition意為“獲得”；prehension意為“理解”；determination意為“決心”；satisfaction意為“滿意”。根據(jù)句意可知，答案為C。12.The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual _ of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.A.award B.admissionC.allowance D.acquisition答案C句意：今年，當?shù)卣o每個大學生提供每年4 000元的食物和學費補貼。allowance意為“津貼，補貼”；award意為“獎品”；admission意為“進入許可，入場費”；acquisition意為“獲得，習得”。