Unit 3 Inventors and inventions(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí).閱讀單詞知其意1patent n專利證書；專利權(quán)2courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3perfume n. 香水；香味4cube n. 立方體；立方5merry adj. 愉快的；高興的6string n. 線；繩子；一串7valid adj. 有效的；確鑿的8greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商；蔬菜水果店9jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果醬10microphone n. 麥克風(fēng)；話筒11dynamic adj. 充滿活力的；精力充沛的； 動態(tài)的；發(fā)展變化的12personnel n. 人力資源；人事部；全體人員13multiple adj. 多種的；多樣的；多類型的n. 倍數(shù)14extension n. 電話分機；擴大；延伸15directory n. 電話簿；商行名錄16rainfall n. 降雨縱聯(lián)1 額頭縱聯(lián)2 能力；勝任；本領(lǐng) .重點單詞寫其形1dial vt. 撥(電話)2claim n& vt. 要求；聲稱；主張3abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的縱聯(lián)3 抓住；捉住；奪5file n. 文件；檔案；文件夾vt. 提交；將歸檔6ripe adj. 成熟的；熟的7bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；負擔(dān)8tap v. 輕打；輕拍；輕敲n. 輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍頭9stable adj. 穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的10current n. (水或氣)流；電流 adj. 現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的縱聯(lián)4 被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的.拓展單詞通其變1distinguish vi. & vt.顯示的差別；使有所不同；辨別distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的2merciful adj.寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy n寬?。蝗蚀?product n產(chǎn)品produce v生產(chǎn)producer n生產(chǎn)者；制片人4convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的convenience n方便；便利conveniently adv.便利地5caution n小心；謹慎cautious adj.小心的；謹慎的cautiously adv.小心地；謹慎地6expectation n預(yù)料；期待；期望expect v預(yù)料；期待；期望；認為7recognition n認出；認可；承認recognize vt.認出；承認8freezing adj.冰凍的；嚴寒的freeze v冰凍frozen adj.凍結(jié)的9identification n鑒定；辨認；確定；身份證明identity n身份；同一性identical adj.同一的；完全相同的identify v確定；鑒別10innocent adj.清白的；天真的；無罪的innocence n天真；清白11occasionally adv.偶然地；不時地occasional adj.偶然的occasion n時機；機會；場合12associate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 n同伴；伙伴association n聯(lián)系；聯(lián)盟；協(xié)會13practical adj.實際的；實踐的；實用的practice n& vt.實踐；練習(xí)縱聯(lián)1.前綴fore單詞集錦forehead n額頭forearm n前臂forecast vt.預(yù)報 foresee vt.預(yù)見；預(yù)知foreword n前言 foretell v預(yù)言；預(yù)示縱聯(lián)2.不容錯過的ence結(jié)尾名詞petence能力；勝任 absence缺席；不存在adolescence青春期 coincidence巧合；一致convenience方便；便利 conscience良心；良知consequence結(jié)果；后果 independence獨立縱聯(lián)3.好好“抓住”seize抓??；捉住 catch抓?。唤幼rasp抓??；掌握 capture抓??；俘獲catch hold of抓住 get hold of抓住縱聯(lián)4.后綴ive形容詞集錦passive被動的 active主動的positive積極的 negative消極的subjective主觀的 objective客觀的impressive印象深刻的 aggressive爭強好勝的alternative可供選擇的 conservative保守的單元話題發(fā)明子話題科學(xué)發(fā)明science n科學(xué)scientist n科學(xué)家scientific adj.科學(xué)的 analyse v分析invent v. 發(fā)明 create v創(chuàng)造creative adj.有創(chuàng)造力的 creativity n創(chuàng)造力register v登記；注冊 advantage n. 優(yōu)勢simplify v簡化 equip v. 裝備；配備conclude v總結(jié) research n. 研究accurate adj. 精確的 download v下載 technology n技術(shù) replace v. 取代function n功能 contribution n貢獻學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用1(2018北京高考閱讀C)Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But pared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identifythe cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (腸道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”加彩單詞在此為詞，意為：確認；鑒定，在本單元中的名詞為：identification寫出produce在本單元的同根名詞：product寫出加彩詞在本單元的同根名詞：expectation2(2015湖南高考)If the copyright date of your currentdictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago, consider investing in a more recent edition. English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizeschanges in meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words. This is reflected in an uptodate dictionary.加彩詞在此處為形容詞，意為：當(dāng)前的；現(xiàn)在的寫出加彩詞在句中的含義：動態(tài)的；發(fā)展變化的寫出recognize在本單元的同根名詞：recognition，短語beyond recognition意為：認不出來高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2018江蘇高考書面表達)無可否認，這種排名可能會給消費者帶來便利，但它們也往往會誤導(dǎo)消費者，尤其是當(dāng)我們在網(wǎng)上購買產(chǎn)品時。(convenience, product)There_is_no_denying_that_such_ratings_might_bring_convenience_to_consumers,_but_they_are_often_misleading_consumers_especially_when_we_purchase_products_online.2(2016浙江高考書面表達)然而，一項計劃如果沒有實際執(zhí)行和實用性，就不會有任何成果。(bear, practical)However,_a_plan_can_bear_no_fruit_without_being_actually_carried_out_and_practical.(二)課堂重點釋疑1distinguish vt.& vi.顯示的差別；使有所不同；辨別記牢(1)distinguish between A and B區(qū)分A和Bdistinguish . from . 把與區(qū)分開來distinguish oneself as 作為而出名(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的； 杰出的be distinguished for . 因而出名be distinguished as . 作為而出名練通單句語法填空(2017江蘇高考)They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.As we all know, she has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.寫美補全句子(2017全國卷書面表達)剪紙作為一種傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)形式而出名，在中國有著1 500多年的歷史。Papercutting is_distinguished_as_a_traditional_art_form,_which has a history of more than 1,500 years in China. 2bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；負擔(dān)；承擔(dān)；生育；結(jié)果實；帶有；攜帶辨清寫出下列句中bear的含義Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？負擔(dān)；承擔(dān)She couldnt bear the thought of leaving her parents.忍受She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育The document bore her signature, address and telephone number.帶有記牢(1)bear doing/to do sth.忍受做某事bear sb./sb.s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 記住某事bear/keep in mind that . 記住練通單句語法填空I cant bear young people casting (cast) away their youth. (2018全國卷)He turned up at the hospital bearing (bear) gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. 寫美用bear的短語升級加彩部分(2015福建高考書面表達)Please remember that hard work pays off. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.bear_in_mind 3associate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n.同伴；伙伴記牢(1)associate . with .使與聯(lián)系起來associate with sb. 與某人交往/聯(lián)系(2)be associated with 與有關(guān)(3)association n. 聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會；社團in association with 與聯(lián)合/有關(guān)聯(lián)練通單句語法填空If you associate with positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking.He always associates (associate) the smell of those flowers with his happy childhood. 寫美補全句子(2017全國卷書面表達)這次展覽是由當(dāng)?shù)卣?lián)合一些剪紙藝術(shù)家共同組織的。This exhibition was organized by the local government in association with several papercutting artists.詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .單詞拼寫1Nowadays many old people have to bear (忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work.2The suspect tapped (輕敲) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside.3This year, the price of farm products (產(chǎn)品) is likely to go up as a result of drought.4You need special software to view the information in the file(s) (文件)5The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable (穩(wěn)定的)6The news on smartphones saves people much time reading through newspapers for current (當(dāng)前的) affairs.7The abrupt (突然的) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.8Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing (結(jié)冰的) point.9A book had been stolen, but the teacher said he was sure Tom was innocent (清白的)10We should try our best to put the enemy in a passive (被動的) position.單句語法填空1The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) right from wrong.2Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.3We all have an expectation (expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.4If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful (mercy) towards others.5The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job.6Health is frequently thought to be_associated (associate)with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.7The blind man tapped (tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket.8In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.9I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition.10You need to approach that animal with caution as it may bite you abruptly.根據(jù)提示補全句子1色盲的人通常很難區(qū)分紅色和綠色。(distinguish)Colorblind people often find it difficult to_distinguish_between_red_and_green.2媽媽經(jīng)常提醒我要記住“失敗乃成功之母”。(bear)My mother often reminds me to bear_in_mind_that failure is the mother of success. 3你四點鐘接我并把我送到機場方便嗎？(convenient)Would it be_convenient_for_you_to_pick_me_up at four oclock and take me to the airport?4如果他那時抓住了那次機會，他現(xiàn)在就會是這個新部門的經(jīng)理了。(seize)If_he_had_seized_the_opportunity_at_that_time,_he would be the new department manager now.5記憶總是和我們的情感聯(lián)系在一起的。(associate)Memories are_always_associated_with our feelings.語境辨義根據(jù)語境選出動詞seize的詞義(A)抓住(B)奪?。还フ?C)扣押 (D)把握(機會)1If he hadnt seized the chance of escaping from the burning building, he might have lost his life._D_2He was seizing her by the arm when I saw him._A_3They seized the airport in a surprising attack._B_4A large quantity of drugs was seized last weekend._C_(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)串記1 回復(fù)電話2ring_off 掛斷電話3set_about 開始；著手串記2 偶爾；有時5set_out_(to_do) 開始(做)6call_up 給打電話；使想起串記3 迅速把手伸入；一心投入8hang_on 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握?。粓猿?out_of_order 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障10get_through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)； (設(shè)法)做完；通過；熬過同根短語串記串記1.“動詞back”短語一覽ring/call back 回復(fù)電話bring back 帶回；使恢復(fù)look back 回顧keep back 隱瞞；忍住hold back 控制住take back 拿回；撤銷串記2.“偶爾；有時”全接觸now and then 偶爾；有時now and again 有時；時而from time to time 有時；偶爾at times 偶爾；有時once in a while 偶爾；有時on occasion 偶爾；有時occasionally adv. 偶爾sometimes adv. 有時串記3.“v.into”短語薈萃dive into一心投入 burst into突然闖入run into撞上 look into調(diào)查break into破門而入 turn into變成1get rid of 擺脫2with great caution 小心翼翼3repeat the second procedure 重復(fù)第二個步驟4seize the opportunity 抓住機會5get new ideas accepted 讓新思想被人接受6a puter programme 一項電腦程序7bank balance 銀行卡余額8occupy your mind 占據(jù)你的思想9have a flash of inspiration 靈機一動10a moving electrical current 流動的電流11improve the quality of everybodys life 提高每個人的生活質(zhì)量1Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when_cooled.在碗的內(nèi)壁和外壁之間有些膠狀物，冷卻后會凍結(jié)。2The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (評定)專利標準是很嚴格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。3Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。4The patent was given in 1876, but it_was_not_until_five_days_later_that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.這項專利是1876年授予的，但直到五天之后貝爾才向他的助手華生發(fā)送了第一個電話信息。學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的短語(補全句子)1(2015江蘇高考完形填空)Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to get_through (熬過) my own cancer experience?2(2011江西高考閱讀A)Jessicas parents were still quite angry with each other.Her mother was ironing clothes and every now_and_then (偶爾) she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read.高考采擷(二)寫作中的短語和句式(補全句子)1(2017北京高考書面表達)在激烈的討論之后，我們開始制作一段視頻來記錄我們在學(xué)校的經(jīng)歷。三周后，我們成功地完成了它。After a heated discussion, we set_about_making/set_out_to_make_a_video to record our experiences at school.Three weeks later, we managed to_get_through_it.2(2015北京高考書面表達)希望今年夏天在訓(xùn)練營見到你，我們可以一起玩得很開心。(祈使句and陳述句)Hope_to_meet_you_at_the_training_camp_this_summer,_and we can have fun together.3(2018江蘇高考書面表達)真正重要的不是排名，而是你的合理判斷。(強調(diào)句型)_It_is not the ratings but your sound judgment that_really_counts.(二)課堂重點釋疑短語集釋1call up給打電話；使想起記牢call off取消；停止call for 要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)call at 拜訪(某地)call on/upon 拜訪(某人)；號召；需求練通選用上述短語填空The photo calls_up the story of my childhood. Dont let anything call_off your attention from your studies. Success in school calls_for much hard work.Mr. White called_at my house after he finished his speech.寫美補全句子(2016北京高考書面表達)地球日前一周，在我們學(xué)校周圍張貼了海報，呼吁我們加入到這個“讓地球變得更綠”的活動中來。A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling on/upon us to join in the activity for a greener earth.2get through設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過；熬過；用完辨清 寫出下列句中g(shù)et through的含義I managed to get through the task and the effort was worth it in the end.做完I couldnt get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through._通過The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more. 用完記牢get (sth.) across (to sb.)使(某事)被(某人)理解get along with sb. 與某人相處；進展get away with sth. 攜某物潛逃；不因某事受懲罰get down to (doing) sth. 開始做某事；認真處理某事get over熬過；克服(困難)；從中恢復(fù)過來練通選用上述短語填空How can I get it across to you how important this is?I think the problem can be got_over without much difficulty. According to Lee, it was Bens carelessness that accounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrongdoing.寫美翻譯句子(2018浙江高考寫作)作為一個外向的女孩，我?guī)缀鹾臀疑磉叺拿總€人都相處得很好。As_an_outgoing_girl,_I_nearly_get_along_well_with_everyone_around_me.句式集釋祈使句and陳述句教材原句Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.悟拓展例句(1)Follow_your_doctors_advice,_and you will get better soon.遵循醫(yī)生的建議，你很快就會好的。(2)Dont leave your bike here, or_you_will_be_fined.不要把你的自行車放在這里，否則你會被罰款的。(3)It is really dangerous. One more step, and_the_baby_will_fall_into the well.真危險，多走一步，這個小孩就會掉進井里。析用法規(guī)則(1)祈使句and陳述句If .，主句(2)祈使句or/or else/otherwise陳述句If .，主句(3)名詞詞組and陳述句背寫作佳句(1)(2018全國卷書面表達)Dont be too talkative, or you may leave a poor impression on others.(要點句)(2)(2018浙江高考寫作)Give me a chance, and I will reward you with more.(總結(jié)句)詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練.選詞填空out of order， hang on， get through， ring off， now and then， dive into， set about， call up， ring back， set out 1I know you are tired, but try to hang_on a minute. 2When I asked if I was speaking to the manager Jones, he simply rang_off.3The thief dived his hand into my handbag and robbed the wallet and ran away.4Sorry to hear that youve failed the exam.If only you had set_about studying hard earlier!5Its the love and responsibility that have driven him to get_through many hardships and survive.6The engines of the ship were out_of_order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea.7The students go to visit their English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year.8As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood.9If you want to catch that train, youd better set_out for the station immediately.10Ill ring_back as soon as I find out anything.句型轉(zhuǎn)換/補全句子1If it is convenient for you, you can e and see me.e_and_see_me whenever its convenient for you.2He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.So fast did_he_walk that I couldnt keep up with him.3She found that the door was broken in when she came back home.She found the door broken_in when she came back home.4必要時你可以給我打電話。(狀語從句的省略)You may give me a call when_necessary.5直到老師進了教室學(xué)生才停止說話。(強調(diào)句型)It_was_not_until_the_teacher_entered_the_classroom_that the students stopped talking.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。I often hear parents say, “My child does not tell me anything.” Children go through certain periods, particularly during their adolescent years, when they find no proper reason to municate with their parents except when they have their most basic needs or their material desires.Adolescence, the period of childrens life when they are most vulnerable (脆弱的) to outside influences, is a relatively scary time for parents. Children of this age bee the target of many negative influences while at the same time they are experiencing hormones that are raging out of control. But parents should not be fooled by their childrens rejection and rudeness. In fact, children expect the constant support, guidance, and influence from their parents.I e from a family where anger always lies just below the surface, waiting for an excuse to erupt. My parents often said that my sisters and I could tell them anything. Though they promised not to be angry at whatever we would say, they couldnt do it. Without the emotional support from my parents during my most vulnerable years, I often found myself losing my temper easily and even doing risky behavior.There is no certain standard about parenting, but I knew exactly what I should not do after I became a parent. I knew the importance of establishing open munication and trust, which resulted in my proper reactions and my childrens trust.Our home is a quiet place, a shelter for my childrens emotional wellbeing. My children can freely share with me what happened in their lives, whether good or bad, shocking or humorous. As their mother, I rarely raised my voice and my reactions to their telling about their improper behavior remained calm, no matter how I felt inside.Parenting was far from easy. It took patience, persistence, and consistency. Everyone hopes for good relationships with their children, and everyone can have them. The theory is simple: trust is the lock munication is the key.寫作步驟第一步：歸納主旨大意主旨大意：本文是議論文。作者通過講述自己青少年時期的經(jīng)歷及自己做了母親后與孩子的互動，論述了應(yīng)該如何成為合格的父母。短文結(jié)構(gòu)分析：全文分為四個部分。第一部分(第一段)：父母抱怨處于青春期的孩子不和自己交流；第二部分(第二、三段)：父母不要被青春期孩子的表面做法所迷惑；第三部分(第四、五、六段)：我青少年時期的家庭成長環(huán)境以及我為人母之后的做法；第四部分(第七段)：如何成為好的父母。第二步：提煉關(guān)鍵詞Part 1：1.I often hear parents say, “My child does_not_tell_me_anything.” 2Children go through certain periods, particularly during their adolescent years.Part 2：3.Adolescence, the period of childrens life when they are most vulnerable to outside_influences,_is a relatively scary_time for parents.4Children of this age bee the_target_of_many_negative_influences while at the same time they are experiencing hormones that are raging out of control. Part 3：5.I knew the importance of establishing open munication and trust, which resulted in my proper reactions and my childrens trust.6My children can freely share with me what_happened in their lives.Part 4：7.Everyone hopes for good_relationships with their children, and everyone can have them.8The theory is simple: trust is the lock munication is the key.第三步：合并和改寫1要點1和2合并：Many parents feel puzzled at their childrens behavior when they go through certain periods, particularly during their adolescent years.改寫：Many parents feel puzzled about what_to_do_with their adolescent children.2要點3和4合并：Adolescence is a relatively scary time for parents because it is likely that children of this age are influenced by hormones and something negative. 改寫：Adolescence is scary for parents because their children are_likely_to be influenced by hormones and something negative.3要點5和6合并：It is important to establish open munication and trust, and children can freely share with us what happened in their lives.改寫：To solve the problem, parents should know their childrens true_thoughts and needs clearly.4要點7和8合并：The two important factors in building good relationships with their children for parents are trust and munication.改寫：Trust_and_munication are two important factors in building good relationships with their children for parents.第四步：核查成文核查連貫性，優(yōu)先考慮使用最短連接