第二課時　形容詞和副詞 [感 悟 高 考] 1.Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death，smart-phones defeated ________ PCs in sales.(2017江蘇卷) A.controversial B.contradictory C.confidential D.conventional 答案　D　[句意：就是在喬布斯死后的五年，智能手機在銷售上擊敗了傳統(tǒng)的個人電腦。controversial有爭議的；contradictory對立的，相互矛盾的；confidential機密的，秘密的；conventional傳統(tǒng)的。故選D。] 2.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，________ if you are travelling at high speed.(2016浙江卷) A.eventually B.strangely C.merely D.especially 答案　D　[句意：突然停下來是非?？膳碌慕?jīng)歷，尤其是你高速行駛時。此處用especially “特別，尤其”強調(diào)程度。] 3.In this article，you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.(2016浙江卷) A.specific B.permanent C.abstract D.universal 答案　A　[句意：在這篇文章，你需要用具體例子來支持一般性陳述。specific具體的；permanent永久的；abstract抽象的；universal通用的。根據(jù)句意可知選A。] [要 點 精 析] 一、形容詞、副詞的辨析 1.解決形容詞和副詞辨析類問題，一定要弄懂各個選項的詞義和詞性差別，并結(jié)合語境選擇符合句意的單詞。形容詞在句中功能的問題，要通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)來解決。 We used to see each other regularly, but I haven’t heard from him since last year. 我們原先經(jīng)常見面，但是從去年開始我就一直沒有他的消息了。 The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. 該研究缺乏可靠的證據(jù)，因此它的結(jié)論值得懷疑。 2.除了副詞詞義辨析外，yet (但是), besides (此外，而且)，still (仍然), though (雖然), however (然而), meanwhile(與此同時)也是高頻考點。解答此類題目首先要把握副詞詞義，然后采用句子翻譯法，分析前后兩句的邏輯關(guān)系，從而得出正確答案。 Mike was usually so careful, yet this time he made a small mistake. 邁克通常很仔細，但這次他犯了個小錯誤。 二、形容詞、副詞的順序 1.副詞修飾形容詞或其他副詞時，一般位于被修飾詞的前面，但enough要放在被修飾詞的后面。 We only had $100 and that was nowhere near enough to buy a new puter. 我們只有100美元。這筆錢遠遠不夠買一臺新電腦。 2.副詞修飾形容詞的特殊詞序：so as/how/that/too＋形容詞＋a(n)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。 e on, Maria! You can also enjoy as convenient a life as you have been dreaming of, if you don’t lose heart. 加油，瑪麗亞！你若不灰心，你也能享受到你夢想中的便利生活。 3.幾個副詞并列作狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點→時間。 We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. 上周日，在戶外我們一起玩得很開心。 4.though副詞，表示語義的轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而”，常放在句子末尾。 Playing on a frozen sports field sounds a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, though? 在結(jié)冰的場地上玩耍聽起來很有趣，然而，這難道不是太冒險了嗎？ 5.多個形容詞修飾名詞的排列順序是高考考查的重點，考生必須牢記下面的口訣： 限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。 It is said that the beautiful red stone building was designed by a famous Frenchman, who has designed thousands of excellent buildings all over the world. 據(jù)說那個漂亮的紅石頭房子是由一位著名的法國人設(shè)計，他已在世界各地設(shè)計了成千上萬的優(yōu)秀建筑。 三、形容詞(短語)作狀語 形容詞(短語)作狀語時主要表示原因、伴隨或方式等。 He lay in bed, wide awake. 他躺在床上醒著。 We arrived home very late, safe and sound. 我們回家很晚，安然無恙。 四、形容詞、副詞的比較等級 1.形容詞、副詞的原級比較 (1)“as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as”與“not＋as/so＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as”表示同級比較，即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同/不同。 ①Actually, Jack is as old as Jim. 事實上，杰克和吉姆(年齡)一樣大。 ②He doesn’t run so/as fast as his younger brother. 他沒有他弟弟跑得快。 (2)當as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)： as＋形容詞原級＋an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋as as＋many＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)＋as as＋much＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as ①Today is as busy a day as yesterday. 今天跟昨天一樣忙。 ②Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. 亨利的書沒有我的書多。 (3)“as＋形容詞原級＋as＋具體數(shù)字”表示“高/深/多……達……”。 ①The temperature here is as high as 39 ℃. 這里的氣溫高達39攝氏度。 ②The building is as tall as 100 meters. 這座樓高達100米。 2.形容詞、副詞的比較級 (1)比較級＋than...“比……更”；less...than“不如……”。 Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library. 在網(wǎng)上搜尋信息要比在圖書館里方便。 (2)比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑問句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。 —The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. —Why? It’s far more interesting than the films I have ever seen. ——我不得不說這部電影真的沒意思。 ——為什么？它比我看過的所有電影都有意思。 (3)the＋比較級，the＋比較級“越……，越……”。 The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient’s chances. 病人越早接受治療，康復的可能性就越大。 (4)the＋比較級＋of (the)＋名詞/代詞“(兩者中)較……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry. 這兩個照相機，我喜歡較小的一個，它容易攜帶。 3.形容詞、副詞的最高級 (1)三者或三者以上的比較用最高級。表示范圍的標志詞有in, of, among等。 Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the best possible education. 雷蒙德的父母想讓他接受最好的教育。 (2)最高級的修飾語常見的有：序數(shù)詞，by far, nearly, almost等。 This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen. 這是我曾看過的最鼓舞人心的電影了。 (3)最高級含義的其他表達法 ?“否定詞語＋比較級”或“否定詞語＋such/so ... as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。 —Do you think that the Chinese National Games were a success? —Yes, absolutely! It couldn’t be better. ——你認為這屆中國全運會成功嗎？ ——是的，絕對成功！沒有比它更好的了。 ?比較級形式表示最高級含義。 比較級＋than＋ Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. ＝Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class. ＝Julia is the tallest girl in her class. 朱莉婭是她班上最高的女生。 (4)the last表示“最不可能的”“最不適合的”“最不希望的”等。 The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard. 他們最不樂意的是在生活艱難的紅色區(qū)域里工作。 五、倍數(shù)表達法 常用的倍數(shù)表達法： 倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as 倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞的比較級＋than 倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞＋of 倍數(shù)＋what從句 Our classroom is three times as large as theirs. ＝Our classroom is three times larger than theirs. ＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs. 我們的教室是他們教室的三倍大。 The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago. 這條路的長度是三年前的4倍。 [解 題 策 略] 1.形容詞詞義辨析法 形容詞的考查在高考試題中比較多，在解答試題時要根據(jù)具體的語境辨析所給選項。 In this lecture，I can only give you a purely ________ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. A.private B.personal C.unique D.different 答案　B　[根據(jù)詞義可以快速排除C“獨特的”和D“不同的”，只有A和B比較接近。private 私人的，私下的；personal 個人的；personal view表示“個人觀點”。] 2.副詞詞義辨析法 副詞的考查在高考試題中比較多，在解答試題時要根據(jù)具體的語境辨析所給選項。具體來說，要注意： ①一些副詞的具體含義；②一些副詞在具體句子中的辨析。 (1)—Volunteering is being ________ popular in China. —Yeah，people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves. A.naturally B.successfully C.splendidly D.increasingly 答案　D　[句意：——志愿者活動在中國變得越來越受歡迎了。——是的，人們開始意識到幫助別人就是幫助他們自己。naturally自然地，理所當然地；successfully成功地；splendidly華麗地，壯觀地；increasingly逐漸地，慢慢地。] (2)Do you think shopping online will ________ take the place of shopping in stores? A.especially B.frequently C.merely D.finally 答案　D　[especially 特別，尤其；frequently 經(jīng)常；merely 僅僅；finally 最終。句意：你認為網(wǎng)上購物最終會替代商場購物嗎？] [針 對 訓 練] 1.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ in the ing years.(2016浙江卷) A.little more B.no more C.much more D.many more 答案　D　[句意：我一直喜歡你組織的所有活動，希望在來年能參加更多。many more后省略了events。根據(jù)句意可知選D。] 2.I’m so ________ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.(2015安徽卷) A.special B.superior C.grateful D.attractive 答案　C　[句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因為他們幫我愉快地結(jié)束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的；superior更好的；更高的；grateful感激的；attractive有吸引力的。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是在向志愿者表達感激之情，故選C。] 3.It was ________ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015福建卷) A.careless B.considerate C.patient D.generous 答案　B　[句意：Michael通知我們他要遲一會兒以防我們擔心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb to do sth這一結(jié)構(gòu)。careless粗心的；considerate考慮周到的；patient有耐心的；generous慷慨的，大方的。] 4.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment，he has to hurry a little if he wants to be ________.(2015湖北卷) A.accurate B.punctual C.efficient D.reasonable 答案　B　[句意：盡管會議大廳靠近他的公寓，如果他想要守時，他還是要快一點。accurate精確的；punctual準時的，守時的；efficient高效的，生效的；reasonable合理的。故選B。] 5.I don’t think what he said is ________ to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.(2015湖北卷) A.faithful B.parallel C.relevant D.similar 答案　C　[句意：我認為，他說的話與我們討論的主題無關(guān)，他偏離了重點。be faithful to忠誠于；be parallel to與……平行，與……類似；be relevant to與……相近，與……相關(guān)；be similar to與……相似。故選C。] 6.These puters don’t work________；they are connected with each other，so everyone can reach his friend’s puter. A.partly B.briefly C.separately D.automatically 答案　C　[句意：這些電腦不是單獨工作，它們互相連接著，所以每個人都能進入朋友的電腦。根據(jù)句意可知選C項“單獨地”。partly部分地；briefly簡要地；automatically自動地。] 7.With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n) ________ way of reaching target customers.(福建卷) A.temporary B.plex C.accurate D.efficient 答案　D　[句意：隨著網(wǎng)上購物的快速流行，網(wǎng)絡(luò)被看作是獲得目標消費者的最有效的方法。efficient 有效的，故選D項。temporary暫時的；plex復雜的；accurate精確的。] 8.Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn’t have found it ________.(江西卷) A.nowhere B.however C.otherwise D.instead 答案　C　[句意：“多謝你指點去那所房子的路，否則我們就找不到了?！?nowhere無處；however然而；otherwise否則，別樣地；instead代替。故選C。] 9.What was so ________ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.(湖北卷) A.awful B.essential C.impressive D.obvious 答案　C　[句意：關(guān)于Jasmine Westland的勝利，令人印象深刻的是她光著腳第一個沖向了終點。awful討厭的，可怕的；essential基本的，必要的；impressive印象深刻的；obvious 明顯的。故選C。] 10.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a ________ smile and let him go.(湖北卷) A.cautious B.grateful C.tolerant D.wild 答案　C　[句意：她沒有指責打破花瓶的男孩，而是給他一個寬容的微笑，讓他走了。cautious謹慎的；grateful感激的；tolerant寬容的；wild野生的。故選C。] 11.I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be ________ occupied.(江蘇卷) A.also B.just C.nevertheless D.otherwise 答案　D　[句意：我星期天不能見你，因為到時我將會有其他的事要忙。also也……；just恰好；nevertheless然而，不過；otherwise另外；在其他方面，根據(jù)語境可知選D。] 12.It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and，________，supply more jobs.(安徽卷) A.however B.anywhere C.therefore D.otherwise 答案　C　[句意：我們將在市場中起更重要的作用，因而能提供更多的工作，這是我們的希望。however 然而，表示轉(zhuǎn)折；anywhere 在任何地方；無論何處；therefore因此，表示因果關(guān)系；otherwise否則，要不然的話。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選C。] 13.Instead of hiding behind walls，a defender sometimes must ________ engage and disable enemy forces before they strike. A.flexibly B.actively C.primitively D.conservatively 答案　B　[句意：防御者有時不應(yīng)該躲在墻后，而必須積極主動地在敵軍發(fā)動進攻之前攻擊敵軍，使他們潰不成軍。A項意為“靈活地”；B項意為“主動地；積極地”；C項意為“最初地”；D項意為“保守地；謹慎地”。根據(jù)題意可知選B。] 14.Despite the failure of his business，he remains optimistic and ________ untroubled by his problems. A.hopefully B.approximately C.seemingly D.frequently 答案　C　[句意：盡管生意失敗，但他依舊樂觀，貌似沒有被他的問題所困擾。seemingly意為“看來似乎，貌似”；hopefully意為“充滿希望地”；approximately意為“大約”；frequently意為“經(jīng)常地”。]