Unit 4 Earthquakes(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí).閱讀單詞知其意1earthquake n縱聯(lián)1 地震2crack n. 裂縫；噼啪聲vt.&vi. (使)開裂；破裂3smelly adj. 發(fā)臭的；有臭味的4farmyard n. 農(nóng)場(chǎng)；農(nóng)家5cyclist n. 騎自行車的人6canal n縱聯(lián)2 運(yùn)河；水道 7steam n. 蒸汽；水汽8dirt n. 污垢；泥土9extreme adj. 極度的10survivor n. 幸存者；生還者；殘存物11track n. 軌道；足跡；痕跡12shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處13reporter n. 記者14outline n. 要點(diǎn)；大綱；輪廓15headline n. 報(bào)刊的大字標(biāo)題.重點(diǎn)單詞寫其形1burst vi. 爆裂；爆發(fā)n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)2event n. 事件；大事3ruin n. 廢墟；毀滅vt. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn)4suffering n. 苦難；痛苦5destroy vt. 破壞；毀壞；消滅6useless adj. 無用的；無效的；無益的7rescue n&vt. 援救；營(yíng)救8trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境9electricity n縱聯(lián)3 電；電流；電學(xué)10disaster n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍11bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏12title n. 標(biāo)題；頭銜；資格13damage n&vt. 損失；損害14judge n. 裁判員；法官vt. 斷定；判斷；判決.拓展單詞通其變1nation n民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民national adj.民族的；國(guó)家的；國(guó)民的nationality n國(guó)籍2shock vt.& vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng) n休克；打擊；震驚shocking adj.令人震驚的shocked adj.感到震驚的縱聯(lián)43injure vt.損害；傷害injury n傷害；損害injured adj.受傷的4express vt.表示；表達(dá) n快車；速遞expression n表達(dá)；表情5frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬frightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的6congratulation n祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞congratulate vt.祝賀7sincerely adv.真誠(chéng)地；真摯地sincere adj.真誠(chéng)的；真摯的縱聯(lián)5縱聯(lián)1.盤點(diǎn)合成名詞(n.n.)earthquake地震 bookmark書簽basketball籃球 website網(wǎng)站homework家庭作業(yè) teamwork合作縱聯(lián)2.由canal帶你去暢游strait n海峽 reservoir n水庫(kù)pool n池塘 ocean n海洋stream n小溪 channel n海峽縱聯(lián)3.“adj.ityn.”薈萃electricelectricity 電；電流；電學(xué) popularpopularity 受歡迎；流行realreality 現(xiàn)實(shí)similarsimilarity 相似點(diǎn)securesecurity 安全equalequality 平等majormajority 大多數(shù)縱聯(lián)4.“ing/ed”結(jié)尾的形容詞聚焦縱聯(lián)5.讓人佩服的“真誠(chéng)；誠(chéng)實(shí)”品質(zhì)sincere adj. 真誠(chéng)的sincerely adv. 真誠(chéng)地genuine adj. 真誠(chéng)的；真心的genuinely adv. 真誠(chéng)地；誠(chéng)實(shí)地hearty adj. 親切的；熱誠(chéng)的heartfelt adj. 真誠(chéng)的；衷心的honest adj. 誠(chéng)實(shí)的；正直的honesty n. 誠(chéng)實(shí)；正直；坦誠(chéng)單元話題自然災(zāi)害子話題1各種自然災(zāi)害flood n洪水 hurricane n颶風(fēng)sandstorm n沙塵暴 typhoon n臺(tái)風(fēng)volcano n火山 snowstorm n暴風(fēng)雪tornado n龍卷風(fēng) tsunami n海嘯landslide n山體滑坡 drought n旱災(zāi)；干旱子話題2造成的危害terrify vt.使恐懼；使驚嚇 ash n灰；灰末victim n. 受害者 catastrophe n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍radioactive adj. 放射性的 panic n&vi.驚慌；恐慌muddy adj. 泥濘的 lava n熔巖；巖漿melt vi.融化 tidal adj.潮汐的；有漲落的worsen vi.(使)惡化 fierce adj.狂暴的；惡劣的學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用1(2016北京高考閱讀B)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in _ (ruin). Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people were suffering， especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.用ruin的適當(dāng)形式填空：ruins寫出suffer在本單元中的同根名詞：suffering_寫出damage在本單元的近義詞：_destroy;_damage的復(fù)數(shù)形式damages意為賠償金2(2012陜西高考完形填空)When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said, “you _ (rescue) me, Laddy，” and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog ing back, the parents burst _ tears of relief. That night Laddy had a heros supper: a huge meal of steak.用rescue的正確形式填空：rescued在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~：into寫出relief在本單元的反義詞：_shock_3(2010江西高考完形填空)When Alice started to cycle home from Jennys house, she wasnt nervous. She was certainly not afraid of the dark. Besides, it was only a 15minute ride home. But halfway there, she began to wish that she hadnt been so brave.寫出cycle在本單元中的同根名詞：cyclist;_cycle作為動(dòng)詞意為“騎車；循環(huán)”，recycle意為循環(huán)利用寫出afraid在本單元的同義詞：_frightened_高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2014北京高考書面表達(dá))但現(xiàn)在，由于我的左腳在足球比賽中受傷了，所以我不能按計(jì)劃和你一起去。我寫信真誠(chéng)地向你表達(dá)我的歉意。(injure, express, sincerely)But_now,_because_my_left_foot_was_injured_in_the_football_game,_I_cannot_go_with_you_as_planned._Im_writing_to_sincerely_express_my_apology_to_you.2(2014湖南高考寫作)當(dāng)一個(gè)心懷惡意的人攻擊我們的時(shí)候，我們不會(huì)感到害怕，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢噪姄羲?，從而逃離危險(xiǎn)。(frightened, shock)When_a_man_with_an_evil_intention_attacks_us,_we_wont_feel_frightened_because_we_can_give_him_an_electric_shock_and_escape_from_danger. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑1burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)n.突然破裂；爆發(fā)記牢burst in/into闖入；突然破門而入 突然哭起來/笑起來burst with anger 勃然大怒練通單句語法填空He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.一句多譯看到她的同學(xué)因?yàn)樗挠薮厘e(cuò)誤哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起來。Seeing her classmates burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying. (burst out)Seeing her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears. (burst into)用準(zhǔn)短語burst in中的in是副詞，后面不接賓語；而burst into中的into是介詞，后面應(yīng)接賓語。寫美翻譯句子聽到這，全班哄堂大笑，我同桌的臉變紅了。Hearing_this,_the_whole_class_burst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing_and_my_deskmates_face_turned_red. 2ruin nU毀滅；毀壞；崩潰；常用復(fù)數(shù)廢墟；遺跡vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)；成為廢墟記牢(1)lie/be in ruins成為廢墟be reduced to ruins 淪為廢墟(2)ruin oneself 毀掉自己；自取滅亡ruin ones health/fame/future 毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)/前途練通單句語法填空With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now pletely in ruins.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.一句多譯他犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，這讓他失去了出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。 He made a mistake, which_ruined_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(定語從句)He made a mistake, ruining_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(分詞作狀語)寫美補(bǔ)全句子無論一個(gè)牌子多有名氣，一旦辜負(fù)了消費(fèi)者的信任它就有可能會(huì)毀滅。No matter how famous a brand is, it can_be_in_ruins_once it betrays the trust of consumers.3bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；隱藏；使專心記牢(1)埋頭于；專心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 雙手掩面練通單句語法填空Buried (bury) in his study, he wasnt aware that all the others had left.Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.句式升級(jí)He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.He_sat_at_a_wooden_table,_buried_in_reading.(過去分詞短語作狀語)He_sat_at_a_wooden_table,_burying_himself_in_reading. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)寫美補(bǔ)全句子(2017天津高考書面表達(dá))雖然這些天我埋頭讀書，但我還是加入了幾個(gè)學(xué)生俱樂部以提高自己。Though_buried_in_books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.聯(lián)想表示“專心于；致力于”的短語還有：be absorbed/engaged inbe devoted tobe lost in focus onfix/concentrate ones attention on4judge n裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決 記牢(1)judge .from/by .從來判斷as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為(2)judging by/from 從來看；根據(jù)來判斷練通單句語法填空As the old saying goes, “You cant judge a book by/from its cover.”Judging (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people in the club yet.用準(zhǔn)judging from/by表示“從來看；根據(jù)來判斷”，用在句首時(shí)為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語和時(shí)態(tài)的影響。寫美補(bǔ)全句子(2017江蘇高考書面表達(dá))我認(rèn)為，電影市場(chǎng)在不久的將來會(huì)低迷。As_far_as_I_can_judge,_the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .單詞拼寫1His house was destroyed (破壞) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.2After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue (營(yíng)救) team to look for them.3With so many miners buried (掩埋) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.4A water pipe burst (爆裂) and the entire apartment was flooded.5Too much drinking will do damage (損害) to your health; you should take the doctors advice. 6It is useless (無用的) discussing the matter with him. He wont change his mind.7The first thing he did was to find shelter (掩蔽處) from the freezing wind and snow.8It was the second air disaster (災(zāi)難) in the region in less than two months.單句語法填空1Her family was extremely (extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes.2Her astonished expression(express) suggested that she hadnt expected that result.3Dont forget to praise them sincerely (sincere) when someone does something good.4On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success.5Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued.6Seeing the frightening (frighten) scene, the boy began to cry.7What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame.8A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the buildings.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1他看了一眼映照在鏡子里的自己的臉，突然大笑起來。(burst out)He looked at his face reflected in the mirror, bursting_out_laughing.2從觀眾的反應(yīng)看來，這次演出相當(dāng)成功。(judge)Judging_from_the_response_of_the_audience,_the performance was quite a success.3三天后火被撲滅了，大約500個(gè)街區(qū)夷為平地。(ruin)Three days later, the fire was put out and some 500 blocks_lay/were_in_ruins.4Because he was buried in his books, he didnt know it was raining outside. Burying_himself_in_his_books,_he didnt know it was raining outside.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)Buried_in_his_books,_he didnt know it was raining outside.(過去分詞短語作狀語).語境辨義根據(jù)語境選出shock的詞性和詞義(A)n.令人震驚的事(B)n.休克(C)vt.使觸電 (D)vt.使震驚1Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked._C_2It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children._D_3Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock._B_4It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart._A_(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)1right_away串記1 立刻；馬上2think_little/nothing_of 串記2 認(rèn)為沒什么3at_an_end_ 結(jié)束；終結(jié)4in_ruins 嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪5dig_out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)6a_(great)_number_of 許多；大量的7be_proud_of 以而自豪8tens_of_thousands_of 數(shù)以萬計(jì)的9too_._to_. 太而不能10lose_ones_life 失去生命同根短語串記串記1.“立刻；馬上”來集合right away right nowat once in no timeimmediately in an instant串記2.“thinkadv.of”短語掃描think little of 認(rèn)為沒什么think highly of 重視；看得起think well of 重視 think poorly of 輕視think badly of 認(rèn)為不好1look for places to_hide 找地方藏身2jump_out of 從往外跳3._later_that afternoon 在那天下午晚些時(shí)候4cut across 穿過；貫穿；抄近路5on that special day 在那個(gè)特殊的日子6wake up 叫醒1It_seemed_as_if_the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！2Thousands of families were killed and many children_were_left_without_parents.成千上萬個(gè)家庭遇難，許多孩子變成了孤兒。3Everywhere_they_looked nearly everything was destroyed.人們無論朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。4All hope was not lost.并非所有的希望都破滅了。5The man was_sleeping_downstairs_when the earthquake happened.那個(gè)人正在樓下睡覺，突然發(fā)生了地震。學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)完形中的短語(補(bǔ)全句子)1(2018浙江高考完形填空)By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it right_away (馬上). 2(2011廣東高考完形填空)I observed a_number_of (許多) intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a regular class.高考采擷(二)寫作中的短語和句式(補(bǔ)全句子)1(2016北京高考書面表達(dá))我們?yōu)樽约焊械津湴?，相信我們可以為更美好的世界做更多的事?proud)We_are_proud_of_ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.2(2014福建高考書面表達(dá))這輛自行車似乎太重了，很難控制。更糟糕的是，我從自行車上摔下來很多次。(too .to .)The bike seemed too_heavy_and_difficult_to_control. Worse still, I took many falls off the bike. 3(2014山東高考寫作)這句諺語提醒了我，通往成功的道路并不總是一帆風(fēng)順。 (部分否定)The proverb reminded me that the path to success was_not_always_smooth.(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑短語集釋1at an end結(jié)束；終結(jié)記牢(1)at the end of在盡頭；在末端by the end of 到結(jié)束時(shí)；到時(shí)候?yàn)?止(常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)in the end 最后；終于使結(jié)束e to an end 完成；結(jié)束練通句型轉(zhuǎn)換The meeting was at an end and he set down many key points.The_meeting_came_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(e)We_brought_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(bring)We_put_an_end_to_the_meeting/We_put_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(put)補(bǔ)全句子You should add your name at_the_end_of_the_report.你應(yīng)當(dāng)在報(bào)告的末尾添加上你的名字。 寫美升級(jí)句中加彩詞匯(2015廣東高考寫作)The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.Finally they will bee active learners rather than passive ones. In_the_end2a (great) number of許多；大量的記牢可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)謂語(2)the number of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)謂語不可數(shù)名詞練通對(duì)比填空(a number of, the number of)In China, _the_number_of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world.As China develops fast and steadily, a_number_of foreigners are learning Chinese as a second language.單句語法填空Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed_(wash) away.用準(zhǔn)“l(fā)arge quantities/amounts ofn.”作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，而“a large quantity/amount ofn.”作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。寫美補(bǔ)全句子我聽說我們學(xué)校的圖書館正計(jì)劃購(gòu)置一批新書，所以我寫信推薦一些書。Ive heard that our school library is_planning_to_buy_a_number_of_new_books,_so I am writing to remend some books.句式集釋1as if (as though)引導(dǎo)狀語從句或表語從句教材原句It seemed as_if the world was at an end!悟拓展例句(1)Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going_to_move.快點(diǎn)！看起來火車要開了。(2)The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were (be) their own mother.析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)如果as if所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的情況時(shí)，句子要用陳述語氣。(2)當(dāng)說話人所陳述的是不真實(shí)的或極少發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣：從句用一般過去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反) 從句用過去完成時(shí)(與過去的事實(shí)相反) 從句用would/could/might do形式(與將來的事實(shí)相反)注意事項(xiàng)as though/if引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句主語一致，且含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞常?？梢允÷?。例如：Tom raised his right hand as if (Tom was) to say something.湯姆舉起右手好像要說些什么。背寫作佳句(1)Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if they had just happened.(要點(diǎn)句)(2)Its very warm today. It seems as if it were spring already.(要點(diǎn)句)2部分否定教材原句All hope was not lost. 悟拓展例句(1)Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them arent fit for the jobs.Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them_are fit for the jobs.(2)Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.諺世上無難事，只怕有心人。析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)英語中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, pletely, always, whole, entirely 等與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英語中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。注意事項(xiàng)在英語中?？梢姷揭恍┬问缴戏穸ǘ饬x上則表肯定的句子。如：cannot .too背寫作佳句(1)A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.(開頭句)(2)(2018浙江高考寫作)Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that.(要點(diǎn)句)詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .選詞填空lose ones life， in ruins， a number of， right away， dig out， think little of， at an end， be proud of1Having consulted a_number_of_books about the subject in the library, he went into the room, ready to give the audience a wonderful speech.2You dont look well. Youd better go and see a doctor right_away.3As the farmer ploughed the field, he dug_out a pot of jewelry.4My holiday is at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.5You have every reason to be_proud_of your country and nation.6We went to see the woman whose husband lost_his_life in the earthquake.7The guy is always making phone calls to her, but she_thinks_little_of_him.8The strong earthquake left the city in_ruins merely in several seconds.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1All body language doesnt mean the same thing in different countries, such as nodding. (變?yōu)橥x句)Not_all_body_language_means_the_same_thing_in_different_countries,_such as nodding.2Not all of them were allowed to go there. (變?yōu)槿糠穸?None_of_them were allowed to go there.3The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.(狀語從句的省略)The old man was lying on the ground as if badly_hurt.應(yīng)用文分步寫作假定你是李華，你從電視新聞上得知你的美國(guó)朋友湯姆所在的城市發(fā)生了地震。請(qǐng)你給湯姆寫一封信，內(nèi)容包括：1對(duì)朋友湯姆及其家人表示關(guān)切；2得知該地震造成的后果感到很難過；3詢問湯姆及其家人是否安好；4愿意提供幫助。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點(diǎn)1審題：文體：普通信件人稱：主要是第一、二人稱時(shí)態(tài)：主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)2擬點(diǎn)：通過研讀題目，根據(jù)寫作背景介紹和內(nèi)容要求可以從以下三個(gè)方面來寫作。開頭：得知地震消息并表達(dá)對(duì)朋友的關(guān)切之情。主體：表明得知該地震后的心情；詢問湯姆及其家人的目前狀況并表達(dá)希望。結(jié)尾：愿意提供幫助。要點(diǎn)1：我得知你們城市發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)可怕的地震。我真的很擔(dān)心你和你的家人。I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.要點(diǎn)2：聽到這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難我感到很難過。Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster.要點(diǎn)2：請(qǐng)告訴我你現(xiàn)在的生活是什么樣的。Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now.要點(diǎn)2：我希望你的家人都沒有受傷。I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured.要點(diǎn)3：如果你需要幫助，請(qǐng)讓我知道。If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know.第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達(dá)更亮眼為了使行文連貫、滿足詞數(shù)要求，使句子更豐滿，我們需要添加細(xì)節(jié)或使用一些高級(jí)表達(dá)以增加亮點(diǎn)。例如：1在要點(diǎn)1中添加時(shí)間狀語從句“當(dāng)我觀看電視新聞時(shí)”；2對(duì)于要點(diǎn)2，可增加地震導(dǎo)致的后果(幾乎一切都被毀了)。拓展要點(diǎn)1：當(dāng)我觀看電視新聞時(shí)得知你們城市發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)可怕的地震。我真的很擔(dān)心你和你的家人。 (時(shí)間狀語從句)When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.拓展要點(diǎn)2：聽到這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難我感到很難過，在這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難中幾乎一切都被毀了。 (定語從句)Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_in_which_nearly_everything_was_destroyed.第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡本寫作采用三段式結(jié)構(gòu)組織全文?？捎谩癏ow are you doing？”開頭，用“whats more”作好要點(diǎn)2中的銜接過渡，結(jié)尾補(bǔ)充“Best wishes！”表達(dá)美好祝愿。Dear_Tom，How_are_you_doing?_When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city._I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_in_which_nearly_everything_was_destroyed._Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now._Whats_more,_I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured.If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know._Best_wishes!Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua理清文體結(jié)構(gòu)之(四)應(yīng)用文之通知通告抓標(biāo)題及四大要素，比對(duì)定答案通知通告類應(yīng)用文結(jié)構(gòu)比較單一，但是信息含量豐富。通知常含有一個(gè)主標(biāo)題，點(diǎn)明通知類型等相關(guān)信息，正文常常涵蓋通知內(nèi)容、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及人物四大要素，文章結(jié)尾常常帶有一些特別提示。解答此類應(yīng)用文的關(guān)鍵在于抓住命題敏感點(diǎn)即標(biāo)題及文中四要素，然后迅速瀏覽題干，找出題眼，再到文章中尋找與之相關(guān)的要素，進(jìn)而比對(duì)信息得出答案。抓標(biāo)題及四大要素高考典例2015全國(guó)卷A篇讀文解題技法主標(biāo)題表明通知類型及地點(diǎn) 副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間1 內(nèi)容1副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間2 內(nèi)容2副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間3 內(nèi)容3副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間4 內(nèi)容4具體聯(lián)系方式Monthly Talks at London Canal MuseumOur monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book. They end around 21：00.November 7thThe Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”December 5thIce for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how Londons ice trade grew.February 6thAn Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.March 6thEyots and Aits Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.Online bookings: .canalmuseum.org.uk/bookMore info: .canalmuseum.org.uk/whatsonLondon Canal Museum1213 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT.canalmuseum.org.uk.canalmuseum.mobiTel: 020 7713 08361.看主標(biāo)題知通知類型由主標(biāo)題得知英國(guó)的London Canal Museum要舉行monthly talks。2.讀首段關(guān)注特別點(diǎn)閱讀首段了解到monthly talks的起始時(shí)間及收費(fèi)情況。3.覽副標(biāo)題明層次結(jié)構(gòu)4個(gè)副標(biāo)題為4次monthly talks的舉行時(shí)間。4.分段速讀標(biāo)要素每個(gè)副標(biāo)題下涵蓋開講時(shí)間、人物和內(nèi)容，標(biāo)出這些要素，為后面解題做好鋪墊。5.標(biāo)出題眼找對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)在題干中找到題眼，并在文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，然后與標(biāo)出的“要素”進(jìn)行比對(duì)，便可得出答案。據(jù)題眼比對(duì)定答案21. is the talk on ？AFebruary 6th.BMarch 6th.CNovember 7th. DDecember 5th.22. is the topic of the talk in ？AThe Canal Pioneers.BIce for the Metropolis.CEyots and Aits Thames Islands.DAn Update on the Cotswold Canals.23. will give the talk on ？AMiranda Vickers. BMalcolm Tucker.CChris Lewis. DLiz Payne.答案21.C22.D23.A21題眼人物1副標(biāo)題：時(shí)間1，直接得出答案22題眼時(shí)間3內(nèi)容3，直接得出答案23題眼內(nèi)容4人物4，直接得出答案