Unit 1 Women of achievement(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí).閱讀單詞知其意1specialist n專家；專業(yè)工作者2emergency n縱聯(lián)1 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況3welfare n. 福利；福利事業(yè)4modest adj. 謙虛的；謙讓的；適度的5project n. 項目；工程；規(guī)劃6rate n. 比率；速度7nest n. 巢；窩8bond n. 聯(lián)系；關(guān)系；結(jié)合；紐帶9outspoken adj. 直言的；坦誠10career n. 事業(yè)；生涯11institute n. 學(xué)會；學(xué)院；協(xié)會12kindness n. 仁慈；好意.重點單詞寫其形1generation n縱聯(lián)2 一代；一輩2support n&vt.縱聯(lián)3 支持；擁護3crowd n. 人群；觀眾vt. 擠滿；使擁擠4campaign n. 運動；戰(zhàn)役vi. 作戰(zhàn)；參加運動5deliver vt. 遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發(fā)表(演說等)6worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的7respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意8childhood n. 童年；幼年時代9audience n. 觀眾；聽眾；讀者10shade n. 蔭；陰涼處vt. 遮住光線.拓展單詞通其變1achievement n成就；功績achieve vt.完成；達到2connection n連接；關(guān)系connect vt.連接縱聯(lián)43organization n組織；機構(gòu)；團體organize vt.組織4behave vt.&vi.舉動；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)behavio(u)r n行為；舉止；習(xí)性5observe vt.觀察；觀測；遵守observation n觀察；觀測6argue vt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭論argument n爭論；爭辯；爭吵7inspire vt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的inspiration n鼓舞；靈感8refer vi.談到；查閱；參考reference n提及；涉及；參考；查閱9sickness n疾?。粣盒膕ick adj.生病的10intend vt.計劃；打算intention n打算；目的；意圖11considerate adj.考慮周到的consider v考慮；認為consideration n考慮；體諒considering prep.考慮到縱聯(lián)1.以ency結(jié)尾的名詞emergency 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況efficiency效率；功效 fluency流暢frequency頻繁；頻率 agency代理縱聯(lián)2.后綴ation高頻名詞集錦generation一代；一輩 inspiration靈感；鼓舞celebration慶祝；慶典 congratulation祝賀appreciation欣賞；感激 admiration羨慕；欽佩expectation期望 adaptation適應(yīng)；改編本consideration考慮 organization組織；機構(gòu)縱聯(lián)3.“支持， 反對”表立場support n&vt.支持 in favour of支持agree v贊成 approve v贊成argue against反對 be against反對oppose v反對縱聯(lián)4.以tion結(jié)尾的名詞connection連接；關(guān)系 suggestion建議construction建造；建設(shè) pollution污染protection保護 addiction沉溺；愛好attention注意；留心 introduction介紹單元話題個人情況(1)子話題1外表plain adj. 樸素的；簡單的elegant adj. 文雅的；漂亮的grey/gray adj. 灰色的；灰白的pale adj. 蒼白的；灰白的fair adj. (膚色)白皙的figure n. 體形；身材overweight adj. 超重的；過重的slim adj. 苗條的子話題2表情facial adj. 面部的cheerful adj. 興高采烈的desperate adj. 絕望的numb adj. 麻木的frightened/scared adj. 害怕的embarrassed adj. 尷尬的sympathetic adj. 同情的indifferent adj. 冷漠的學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用1(2017全國卷閱讀A)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been (inspire) a passion (熱情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and munity events all over Washington State.Its an amazing acplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social (organize)用inspire的適當形式填空：inspiring寫出加彩詞在本單元的同根名詞：achievement，意為“成就”，此詞和句中的“acplishment”同義用organize的適當形式填空：organizations2(2015重慶高考閱讀E)In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform (不變的) in human nature，” the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.寫出加彩詞在句中的含義：主張寫出加彩詞在本單元的同根名詞：observation高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2018全國卷書面表達)就我個人而言， 用餐時，你應(yīng)該注意你的行為舉止。(behaviour)As_far_as_Im_concerned,_you_should_mind_your_behaviour_during_the_meal.2(2018全國卷書面表達)在中國， 我們認為尊敬長輩是很重要的。(respect n)In_China,_we_attach_great_importance_to_showing_respect_for_the_elderly.3(2016江蘇高考書面表達)因此，應(yīng)該制訂網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的規(guī)則并嚴格遵守。(observe)Therefore,_rules_of_online_voting_should_be_worked_out_and_strictly_observed. (二)課堂重點釋疑1behave vt.&vi.舉動；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)記牢(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.對待某人好/差behave oneself 守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體(2)wellbehaved adj. 表現(xiàn)好的badlybehaved adj. 表現(xiàn)差的(3)behavio(u)r n. 行為；舉止；習(xí)性練通單句語法填空They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us very disappointed.Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general, I was quite pleased with his behavio(u)r.(behave)Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves (they)單句改錯Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave them.themthemselves寫美補全句子與此同時，政府有必要鼓勵人們在公共場所舉止行為要表現(xiàn)良好。Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to_encourage_people_to_be_wellbehaved in public places.2observe vt.觀察；觀測；遵守；慶祝；注意到辨清寫出下列句中observe的含義Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.慶祝The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps.觀察The thief was observed to open the window and run away.注意到記牢(1)observe sb.do sth.觀察/注意到某人做某事(全過程)observe sb.doing sth.觀察/注意到某人正在做某事observe that . 觀察(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則observe Christmas Day 過圣誕節(jié)練通單句語法填空The guard observed a young man stealing (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.It is everyones duty to_observe (observe) the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.用準observe后跟不帶to的不定式或v.ing作賓語補足語，即observe sb. do/doing sth.，不能說observe sb. to do sth.。但在被動語態(tài)中必須帶to，即sb./sth. be observed to do sth.。寫美句型轉(zhuǎn)換(2017北京高考書面表達)On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea.On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed_the_sun_rising_from_the_sea.3respect vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意；細節(jié)；方面；問候記牢(1)respect sb. for sth.因某事而尊敬或敬重某人(2)have/show respect for sb. 對某人表示尊敬或敬重give/send ones respects to 代某人向問候in respect of/with respect to 關(guān)于；就而言out of respect for . 出于對的尊敬；顧及(3)respected adj. 受人尊敬的；受敬重的respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的練通單句語法填空I hope airlines can show more respect for passengers and improve service.The moment you meet your parents, please give my respects (respect) to them.補全句子Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out_of_respect_for_farmers_labor.中國的孩子從小就受到告誡，不要浪費一粒米，這是出于對農(nóng)民勞動的尊重。用準respect表示“尊重；敬重”時為不可數(shù)名詞；表示“細節(jié)；方面”時為可數(shù)名詞；表示“敬意；問候”時，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。寫美句式升級We respect our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us.We show_respect_for our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us.4argue vi.&vt.爭論；辯論；討論；證明；主張；認為記牢(1)argue for/against sth.據(jù)理力爭/反對某事argue with sb.on/about/over sth.與某人爭論某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth.說服某人做/不做某事argue that . 主張/認為(2)argument n. 爭論；爭辯；爭吵；論據(jù)beyond argument 無可辯解練通單句語法填空I regretted arguing with her about such a small question.After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue)As our family ine decreased, father argued against an increase in our pocket money.(20176月浙江高考)The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.寫美一句多譯我們想方設(shè)法勸說他接受我們的建議，但都是徒勞。We tried many ways to_argue_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(argue)We tried many ways to_persuade_him_to_follow/to_persuade_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(persuade)We tried many ways to_talk_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(talk)聯(lián)想“說服某人做某事”的其他表達形式：persuade sb.to do sth.persuade sb.into doing sth.convince sb.to do sth. talk sb.into doing sth.5support vt.&n.支持；擁護；贍養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)活記牢(1)support a family/oneself 養(yǎng)家糊口/自力更生support sb.in (doing) sth.在某方面支持某人(做)某事(2)in support of sb./sth. 支持或擁護某人/某事with ones support 在某人的支持下e to ones support 來支持某人(3)supporter n. 支持者練通單句語法填空His suggestions put forward at the meeting were_supported by his supporters.(support)With his wifes support, Mr Wang contributed a lot of money to the people in the stricken area.同義替換Feeding (Supporting) such a large family is really a heavy load for her.補全句子When he was about to give up the struggle, his panions came_to_his_support.正當他要放棄斗爭之際，他的同伴們來支持他了。寫美翻譯句子只有少數(shù)人支持他的計劃，這使他很失望。Only_a_few_people_were_in_support_of_his_plan,_which_made_him_very_disappointed.6intend vt.計劃；打算記牢(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth. 本來打算做某事(但實際未做)(2)be intended to do/for . 專門為；專門給(3)intention n. 意圖；目的；打算with an/the intention of 抱有的目的；打算練通單句語法填空I had_intended (intend) to catch the early train, but I didnt get up in time.The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children.To improve our English and get more students interested in English, I intend to_organize/organizing (organize) some activities at school.寫美句式升級The program was set up with the intention of helping the homeless.The program, which_was_intended_to_help_the_homeless,_was set up.(intend，定語從句)The program, intended_to_help/helping_the_homeless,_was set up. (intend，分詞作定語)詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .單詞拼寫1My son is always praised by his teachers because he behaves (表現(xiàn)) well at school.2The Chinese people observe (慶祝) the Spring Festival from generation to generation.3The headmaster delivered (發(fā)表) an important speech at the meeting yesterday，which left a deep impression on his students.4(2018天津高考)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired (激勵) scientists to explore the outer space.5I intended (打算) to have bought a car last month, but I was short of money.6The medicine should be kept in the shade (陰涼處), or they will lose effectiveness.7Because of his hard work, the boy has made much progress in his academic achievements (成就)8As an educational specialist (專家), his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country.9A heated argument (爭論) broke out between the husband and his wife last night.10In his childhood (童年), Li Ming lived a happy life though his family wasnt rich.單句語法填空1There is little connection (connect) between the two boys even though they look much alike.2The voluntary group is supported by quite a few public organizations (organize) in the country.3We have rich and colourful entertainments (entertain) after class, according to our own hobbies.4He was left behind because of his sickness (sick) when his classmates went camping.5The girl from the United States was widely respected (respect) for what she had done.6Having a large family to_support (support), he took up two parttime jobs in his spare time.7On the National Day, the streets are_crowded (crowd) with a large number of people.8He managed to confirm that it was worthwhile to_start/starting (start) a campaign to protect our environment.根據(jù)提示補全句子/一句多譯1我說服她不要在如此糟糕的天氣里出去。(argue)I argued_her_out_of going out in such bad weather.2在過去的幾年里，中國在環(huán)保方面取得了巨大成就。(achievement)In the last few years, China has_made_great_achievements in environmental protection.3今天下午市長將給來訪外賓發(fā)表演說。(deliver)The mayor will deliver_a_speech_to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.4無論發(fā)生什么事情，我將永遠支持你。No matter what happens, I will support_you forever.(support)No matter what happens, I will stand_by_you forever.(stand)No matter what happens, I will be_in_favour_of_you forever.(favour).語境辨義根據(jù)語境選出動詞deliver的詞義(A)分娩(B)送貨；遞送(C)發(fā)表(D)接生1I can deliver my books to some specific person, which means I can know where my books go and who likes reading the same books as me._B_2Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”_C_3It was lucky that she was delivered of a healthy baby._A_4The baby was delivered by a famous doctor last Saturday._D_(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)1move_off 串記1離開；起程；出發(fā)2lead/live_a_._life 過著的生活3crowd_in (想法、問題等)涌上心頭；涌入腦海4look_down_upon/on 蔑視；瞧不起5refer_to 查閱；參考；談到；提及6by_chance 碰巧；湊巧7e_across (偶然)遇見；碰見8carry_on 串記2 繼續(xù)；堅持9devote_._to_. 獻身于；專心于10work_out 解決；鍛煉身體；結(jié)果是同根短語串記串記1.“v.off”短語速記move off離開；起程；出發(fā)pay off 還清；取得好結(jié)果put off 推遲give off 發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)take off 起飛；脫掉set off 出發(fā)；爆炸串記2.“v.on”短語聚焦carry on繼續(xù)；堅持 work on繼續(xù)工作move on前進 try on試穿keep on繼續(xù) rely on依賴； 依靠take on呈現(xiàn) depend on依賴； 依靠1as a way of 作為的一種方式2e to help 援助；幫助3set up 建立4be intended for 專門為5as well as 也；和；并且6travel abroad to study 到國外留學(xué)7concern oneself with welfare projects關(guān)心福利項目8in the shade of the trees 在樹蔭下1Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to begin her project.她母親頭幾個月來幫她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計劃。2Once_I_stop,_it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下來，所有的一切都會涌上心頭，我就會想起實驗室里的黑猩猩。3Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.突然我想起在那個年代，一個女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么困難啊。4Further reading made me realize that it_was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.進一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進了醫(yī)學(xué)院的大門。學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的短語(補全句子)1(2018全國卷閱讀C)Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred_to (稱作) as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28.2(2017全國卷語法填空)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry_on (繼續(xù)) with her education.高考采擷(二)寫作中的句式(翻譯句子)1(2018全國卷書面表達)只有你對中國的餐桌禮儀有更好的了解，你才能表現(xiàn)得體。(only位于句首的倒裝句)Only_when_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_table_manners_can_you_behave_properly.2(2017全國卷書面表達)一旦你掌握了方法，剪紙就不難學(xué)了。Papercutting_is_easy_to_learn_once_you_master_the_methods.(二)課堂重點釋疑短語集釋1look down upon/on蔑視；輕視；瞧不起記牢look up to尊敬；仰視look forward to 盼望；期待look into 調(diào)查；觀察；窺視look up 抬頭看；查閱look back on 回憶；回顧look out (for .) 注意；留意；留神()look through 瀏覽；仔細查看練通用look的相關(guān)短語填空I often look_up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.We shouldnt look_down_upon/on the disabled; on the contrary, we should help them.I looked_through todays newspaper but I found nothing important.I like to look_back_on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.The reason why I look_up_to the artist is that his works are inspiring.寫美翻譯句子同時，我期待著盡快收到您的回信。Meanwhile,_I_am_looking_forward_to_hearing_from_you_as_soon_as_possible.2refer to提及；談到；參考；查閱；提交；把稱作辨清寫出下列句中refer to的含義If you dont know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查閱Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are preparing for a test.參考We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及記牢(1)refer to . as .把稱作refer . to . 把提交給； 讓(人)參考(2)reference n. 提及；參考；查閱reference book 參考書；工具書練通單句語法填空People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer)As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.用準(1)refer的過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞分別為：referred, referred, referring。(2)“查詞典”可表達為：refer to the dictionary; consult the dictionary; look up a word in the dictionary; search through a dictionary等。寫美翻譯句子(2015天津高考書面表達)課本和詞典可以用作參考書籍然而雜志當作閱讀材料。The_textbooks_and_dictionaries_can_be_used_as_reference_books_while_the_magazines_serve_as_reading_materials.句式集釋1once引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“一旦就”教材原句Once_I_stop,_it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.悟拓展例句(1)Once_you_begin_to_do_something,_you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.一旦你開始做某件事情，你必須堅持下去，否則你將不會有所收獲。(2)You will_be (be) successful in the interview once you have confidence.(3)Once it is lost, the good chance may never e again.Once_lost,_the good chance may never e again.(省略)析用法規(guī)則若once 引導(dǎo)的從句的主語與主句的主語一致，且從句中的謂語動詞含有be動詞的某種形式或從句為“it be .”形式時，從句中的“主語be”或“it be”可以省略。背寫作佳句(1)Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(要點句)(2)We must understand that a habit is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of once it is formed.(要點句)2it hit/hits sb.從句教材原句Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.悟拓展例句(1)It happens that he told me not to depend on fortune, but on conduct.(2)It hits (hit) me that nothing is more precious than health.析用法規(guī)則it作形式主語的其他常用句型：It occurs/occurred to sb. that . 某人突然想到It strikes/struck sb. that . 某人突然想到It happens/happened that . 碰巧背寫作佳句(1)(2016全國卷書面表達)It hit/struck me that I had forgotten our appointment.(要點句)(2)It occurred to me that I had wasted too much precious time.(要點句)詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .選詞填空1(2016天津高考)I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her.2Everything has been well prepared for the scientific research and the team is about to move_off.3As soon as the supermarket opened its door, people crowded_in it and struggled for their purchases.4Last month I came_across my old school friend on the flight to Beijing.5You can refer_to this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.6Dont look_down_upon any people around you since each of them is equal and important in this world.根據(jù)提示和要求補全句子1只有當他告訴我這個消息時我才知道真相。(倒裝句)Only when he told me the news did_I_know_the_truth.2他一旦作出決定，我們就無法使他改變他的想法。(once引導(dǎo)的狀語從句)We cannot make him change his mind once_he_has_made_a_decision.3就在她正要上床睡覺的時候，電話鈴響了。(強調(diào)句型)It_was_when_she_was_about_to_go_to_bed_that the telephone rang.4我突然想起，我把她的生日給忘了。(hit)It_hit_me_all_of_a_sudden_that I had forgotten her birthday.應(yīng)用文分步寫作假定你是新華中學(xué)的高三學(xué)生李華，你校的外教Mr.Pearson開設(shè)了一個英語輔導(dǎo)班(English Tutorial)，可根據(jù)學(xué)生的實際需要進行輔導(dǎo)。報名者須根據(jù)個人實際情況提出申請并選擇輔導(dǎo)內(nèi)容。請你給外教寫一封電子郵件申請加入輔導(dǎo)班。內(nèi)容主要包括：1介紹個人情況；2說明輔導(dǎo)意向(如口語、語法、寫作、文化知識等其中的一項)；3表達愿望。注意：1詞數(shù)80左右；2可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。3郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Dear Mr. Pearson，Im more than delighted that you have started English Tutorial. Yours sincerely，Li Hua第一步：準確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點本寫作是一封申請信，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱為第一人稱。文章可分三個層次：開頭應(yīng)點明寫信的緣由申請加入輔導(dǎo)班，為介紹個人情況和說明輔導(dǎo)意向做鋪墊，避免直接介紹個人情況帶來的生硬突兀。主體部分介紹個人情況及說明輔導(dǎo)意向發(fā)揮空間大，寫作時應(yīng)化大為小，細化處理，可從英語掌握方面介紹個人情況，以語法為例，指出語法很難，想要輔導(dǎo)語法。結(jié)尾表達愿望和感謝。要點1：我寫信申請上英語輔導(dǎo)班。Im_writing_to_apply_for_the_membership_of_the_English_Tutorial.要點2：我是李華，新華中學(xué)高三年級的一名學(xué)生。Im_Li_Hua,_a_Senior_3_student_of_Xinhua_Middle_School.要點2：我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語近六年了，我仍然沒有掌握好它。 I_have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years.Im_still_not_good_at_it.要點2：我發(fā)現(xiàn)語法很難。I_find_the_grammar_is_difficult.要點3：我確信，在您的幫助下，我的語法可以大大提高。(convince)Im_convinced_that_my_grammar_can_be_greatly_improved_with_your_help.要點3：如果您能考慮我的申請我將感激不盡。(take . into account)Id_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_account.第二步：添加細節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達更亮眼為了使文章內(nèi)容更充實，我們需要對要點進行適度拓展和升級，以使表達更亮眼。可用though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句升級要點2；用“so . that”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句拓展要點2。升級要點2：雖然我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語近六年了，但我仍然沒有掌握好它。(though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)Though I have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years,_Im_still_not_good_at_it.拓展要點2：我發(fā)現(xiàn)語法很難，以至于我必須花很多時間在上面。(so