Unit 3 Travel journal(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí).閱讀單詞知其意1journal n日記；雜志；定期刊物2fare n. 費(fèi)用3route n. 路線；路途4cycle vi. 騎自行車5stubborn adj.縱聯(lián)1 頑固的；固執(zhí)的6forecast n&vt.縱聯(lián)2 預(yù)測(cè)；預(yù)報(bào)7parcel n. 小包；包裹8source n. 來源；水源9valley n. (山)谷；流域10pace vi. 緩慢而行；踱步 n. 一步；速度；步調(diào)11insurance n. 保險(xiǎn)12wool n. 羊毛；毛織品13flame n. 火焰；光芒；熱情14beneath prep. 在下面15temple n. 廟宇；寺廟.重點(diǎn)單詞寫其形1transport n. 運(yùn)送；運(yùn)輸vt. 運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送2flow vi. 流動(dòng)；流出n. 流動(dòng)；流量3persuade vt.縱聯(lián)3 說服；勸說4finally adv. 縱聯(lián)4 最后；終于5schedule n. 時(shí)間表；進(jìn)度表vt. 為某事安排時(shí)間6shorting n. 缺點(diǎn)7journey n. 旅行；旅程8bend n. 彎；拐角vt. 使彎曲vi. 彎身；彎腰9attitude n. 態(tài)度；看法10detail n. 細(xì)節(jié)；詳情11view n. 風(fēng)景；視野；觀點(diǎn)；見解vt. 觀看；注視；考慮.拓展單詞通其變1prefer vt.更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)preference n偏愛；愛好2disadvantage n不利條件；不便之處advantage n有利條件；優(yōu)勢(shì)3graduate vi.畢業(yè) n大學(xué)畢業(yè)生graduation n畢業(yè)4organize vt.組織；成立organizer n組織者organization n組織5determine vt.決定；確定；下定決心determined adj.堅(jiān)決的；有決心的determination n決心6reliable adj.可信賴的；可靠的rely vi.依靠；依賴縱聯(lián)5縱聯(lián)1.多重“性格”集一身stubborn固執(zhí)的 introverted內(nèi)向的outgoing外向的 gentle溫和的sensible理智的 emotional感性的outspoken坦率的 determined堅(jiān)決的縱聯(lián)2.能預(yù)測(cè)未來的fore前綴forecast n& vt. 預(yù)測(cè)；預(yù)報(bào)foresee v. 預(yù)見；預(yù)知foretell v. 預(yù)言；預(yù)測(cè)forehead n. 前額foremost adj. 最先的；首要的縱聯(lián)3.如何“勸說”某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事urge sb. to do sth. 力勸某人做某事argue sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事talk sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事縱聯(lián)4.“最終；終于”在一起finally adv. 最后；終于eventually adv. 最后；終于at last 最終；終于in the end 最后；終于at length 最后；終于；詳盡地縱聯(lián)5.以able結(jié)尾的形容詞集錦reliable可信賴的；可靠的 adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的fashionable時(shí)尚的；時(shí)髦的 reasonable合理的adaptable能適應(yīng)的 calculable能計(jì)算的fortable舒適的單元話題旅游子話題1旅游行程準(zhǔn)備acmodation n. 住宿；膳宿arrangement n. 安排；布置agency n. 代理機(jī)構(gòu)baggage n. 行李luggage n. (總稱)行李travel brochure 旅行指南子話題2旅游住宿r(nóng)eception n接待 check in報(bào)到；登記check out查明；結(jié)賬 book a room預(yù)訂房間子話題3旅游景點(diǎn)destination n目的地 fountain n噴泉monument n紀(jì)念碑 a summer resort避暑勝地a mustsee place必游之地 a dream trip夢(mèng)想之旅子話題4旅游感受attractive adj.迷人的；有吸引力的fortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的cultural adj. 文化的fantastic adj. (口語)極好的；美妙的；很棒的historical adj. 歷史的unforgettable adj. 難以忘懷的；令人難忘的學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用1(2016全國卷閱讀D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness， uneasiness, or worry. Silence may _ (view) by some cultural groups as extremely unfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (間隙) with conversation.寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根形容詞：stubborn，意為固執(zhí)的用view的適當(dāng)形式填空：be_viewed；此處的view .as意為被視為2(2017北京高考完形填空)Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to spread her message of hope and awareness.She started the Ladybug Foundation，an _ (organize) aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to host “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to _ local business leaders to contribute to the cause. 用organize的正確形式填空：organization選詞填空：_A_ApersuadeBleadCkeep 高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2015全國卷書面表達(dá)) 所以我和我的同學(xué)決定為他們組織一些精彩的歌舞表演，這將持續(xù)大約1個(gè)小時(shí)。(determine, organize)So_my_classmates_and_I_have_determined_to_organize_some_wonderful_singing_and_dancing_performances_for_them,_which_will_last_about_one_hour.2(2015浙江高考書面表達(dá))我的大多數(shù)同學(xué)想去公園，而我有一個(gè)想去一個(gè)更好的地方的想法。最后，我設(shè)法說服了我的同學(xué)接納了我的想法。(finally, persuade)Most_of_my_classmates_wanted_to_go_to_a_park_while_I_had_an_idea_of_going_to_a_nicer_place._Finally,_I_managed_to_persuade_my_classmates_into_accepting_my_idea. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑1prefer vt.更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)記牢(1)prefer to do/doing sth. 更喜歡做某事prefer sth. to sth. 喜歡某物而不喜歡某物prefer doing sth. to doing sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事練通一句多譯畢竟，所有的孩子都喜歡表揚(yáng)而不是批評(píng)。After all, all kids prefer_to_be_praised_rather_than_be_scolded.(prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.)After all, all kids prefer_being_praised_to_being_scolded.(prefer doing sth. to doing sth.)After all, all kids would_be_praised_rather_than_be_scolded.(would do sth. rather than do sth.)After all, all kids would_rather_be_praised_than_be_scolded.(would rather do sth. than do sth.)用準(zhǔn)(1)prefer不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)；(2)prefer相當(dāng)于like better，所以prefer不可與比較級(jí)連用。寫美翻譯句子我喜歡小班，而不喜歡有太多學(xué)生的大班。I_prefer_a_small_class_to_a large one with too many students.2persuade vt.說服；勸說；使相信記牢練通選詞填空(persuade, advise)Though I had advised her for many times, I couldnt persuade her to go abroad with me because her life experience had persuaded her that she could not live on without her parents.句型轉(zhuǎn)換I am trying to persuade him to give up the attempt.I am trying to persuade_him_into_giving_up the attempt.Can we persuade her out of carrying out the foolish plan?Can we_persuade_her_not_to_carry_out the foolish plan?寫美補(bǔ)全句子在被說服改變態(tài)度之后，我終于找到了正確的方法來改掉粗心大意，也獲得了信心。Having_been_persuaded_to_change_my_attitude,_I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well.3determine vt.決定；確定；下定決心記牢(1)determine從句決定determine to do sth. 決定做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 就(做)某事做出決定(2)determined adj. 有決心的；堅(jiān)決的be determined to do sth. 決心做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))(3)determination n. 決心練通單句語法填空She determined to_work_ (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.I have determined_on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.句式升級(jí)(2017天津高考書面表達(dá))Im determined to perform well in the final exam, so Im occupied in preparing for it.Determined_to_perform_well in the final exam, Im occupied in preparing for it.(用分詞作狀語)用準(zhǔn)高考中常把determined to do sth.作狀語的用法作為考查點(diǎn)，有類似用法的還有l(wèi)ost in, caught in, absorbed in等。寫美補(bǔ)全句子(2015福建高考書面表達(dá))決心努力學(xué)習(xí)，他在墻上挖了洞從鄰居家“偷”光為的是晚上讀書。Determined_to_study_hard,_he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.4view n風(fēng)景；視野；觀點(diǎn)；見解vt.觀看；注視；考慮辨清寫出下列句中view的含義I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.風(fēng)景In this lecture, I can only give you a purely personal view of how we can live life to the full.觀點(diǎn)；見解When the old man opened the window, a stranger with a high hat came into view.視野I got an opportunity to view the movie before it was released.觀看記牢(1)e into view看得見；進(jìn)入視野have a good view of 清楚地看到；飽覽(2)in ones viewfrom ones point of view在某人看來(3)view . as . 把看作練通 單句語法填空The Internet is viewed by many people as a revolutionary education tool.I doubted if the picnickers could have a good view of the sunset they had e that far to see.寫美補(bǔ)全句子(2017北京高考書面表達(dá))在我看來，我更喜歡長江之旅，長江是中國最長的河流，也是孕育中國文明的河流之一。In_my_view/From_my_point_of_view,_I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .單詞拼寫1One major disadvantage (不利條件) of the area is the lack of public transport.2We have an excellent retirement plan and medical insurance (保險(xiǎn)) as well.3You are her close friend.And only you can persuade (說服) her not to spend too much money on clothes.4The supplies were transported (運(yùn)輸) to the local people immediately the earthquake happened.5Attention, please! The party is scheduled (安排) at 7：00 pm next Monday.6He is a stubborn (固執(zhí)的) boy who wont obey his mother.7In spite of all her shortings (缺點(diǎn)) I still think she is one of the best teachers in the school.8Peoples attitudes (態(tài)度) towards the matter are different.單句語法填空1They talked about it for hours. Finally (final), they decided not to go.2The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are_persuaded (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables.3John is very reliable (rely) if he promises to do something he will do it.4Many boys and girls go to college after their graduation (graduate) from high school.5It was your bad attitude towards/to your work that made your parents upset.6He has overe his difficulties with courage and determination (determine)7When the car was first built, the design was_viewed (view) as highly original.8The big pany has gradually absorbed these small panies into its own organization (organize).一句多譯/句式升級(jí)1我們說服了他不要把錢借給那個(gè)不值得信任的人。We persuaded_him_not_to_lend_his money to that untrustworthy man. (persuade sb. not to do sth.)We persuaded_him_out_of_lending his money to that untrustworthy man. (persuade sb. out of doing sth.)2孩子們寧愿騎自行車到鄉(xiāng)下去，也不愿整天待在家里。The children preferred cycling_to_the_countryside to staying indoors all the day.The children preferred to_cycle_to_the_countryside rather than stay indoors all the day.The children would rather cycle_to_the_countryside than stay indoors all the day.The children would cycle_to_the_countryside_rather than stay indoors all the day.3He is determined to get ahead of others in studies, so he works day and night.Determined_to_get_ahead_of_others_in_studies,_he works day and night. (分詞作狀語).語境辨義根據(jù)語境選出bend的詞性和詞義(A)vt.使彎曲(B)vi.彎身；彎腰(C)vi.使屈從 (D)n.彎；拐角1There is a bend in the road in front of us._D_2You have to bend your knees to sit down._A_3He bent down and picked up a book on the floor._B_4He tried to force me to bend to his will._C_(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)1ever_since自從；自以后2be_fond_of 串記1 喜愛；喜歡3care_about 關(guān)心；憂慮；惦念4change_ones_mind 改變主意5make_up_ones_mind_ 下決心；決定6give_in_ 投降；屈服；讓步7as_usual 照常8at_midnight 在午夜9put_up 張貼；搭建10get_sb._interested_in 使某人對(duì)感興趣11dream_about/of 夢(mèng)想12feel_like 串記2 想要；感覺像同根短語串記串記1.“beadj.of”短語歸納be fond of 喜歡；喜愛be tired of 對(duì)厭倦be afraid of 害怕be aware of 意識(shí)到；知道be proud of 為自豪串記2.like相關(guān)短語聚會(huì)feel like 想要more like 差不多，更接近something like 大約；有點(diǎn)像nothing like 一點(diǎn)也不像look like 看起來像1take a great bike trip 作一次偉大的自行車旅行2plan a schedule for the trip 制訂旅行日程表3an interesting experience 一次有趣的經(jīng)歷4graduate from 從畢業(yè)5be dressed in 穿著6change .for . 把換成7can hardly wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事8stay awake 保持清醒1It_was_my_sister_who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。2Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted_that_she_organize the trip properly.盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。3When I told her the_air_would_be_hard_to_breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸會(huì)困難而且天氣很冷時(shí)，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。4A determined person always tries to finish the job, no_matter_how_hard_it_is.一個(gè)意志力堅(jiān)定的人總是努力完成工作，不管它有多么艱難。5Our legs were so_heavy_and_cold_that they felt like blocks of ice.我們的腿又沉又冷以至于摸起來像冰塊一樣。學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)完形中的短語(補(bǔ)全句子)1(2015湖北高考完形填空)The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers as_usual (照常；像往常一樣)2(2013山東高考完形填空)I think I am a much better person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not forget these experiences. They have taught me to care_about (關(guān)心) other people more than about myself.高考采擷(二)寫作中的短語和句式(詞匯升級(jí)/補(bǔ)全句子)1. (2015陜西高考書面表達(dá))Im very strong and healthy and I like (am_fond_of ) dancing and singing.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞)2(2014山東高考寫作)Thinking of my dream that I would bee a teacher in the future, I decided (made_up_my_mind) to take the exam again.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞)3(2014安徽高考書面表達(dá))塑造我們生活的不是我們偶爾遇到的困難，而是我們面對(duì)困難的態(tài)度。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Its_not_what_difficulties_we_meet_once_in_a_while_that shapes our lives, but what attitudes we take to face them.4(2016天津高考書面表達(dá))你們是如此的善良和體貼，無論你們?cè)谀睦铮覀兌枷Ｍ湍銈兂蔀榕笥选?so . that .; no matter)You are so_kind_and_considerate_that we hope to be friends with you no_matter_where_you_are. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑短語集釋1care about關(guān)心；憂慮；惦念；在乎記牢care for喜歡；照料take care 當(dāng)心take care of 照料；處理with care 小心；慎重練通選詞填空(care about, care for)I dont care_about the price, so long as the car is in good condition.He was very grateful to the nurses who had cared_for him.單句語法填空My grandpa was taken good care of in the nursing home. Therefore, I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression of thanks.He handled the instrument with care for fear it should be damaged.寫美補(bǔ)全句子 這段經(jīng)歷告訴我，除了在生活中目標(biāo)高遠(yuǎn)，我們也應(yīng)該關(guān)心每一件小事，因?yàn)樗鼈兪刮覀兊某晒Τ蔀榭赡堋his experience has taught me that, as well as aiming high in life, we_should_also_care_about_every_small_thing,_because they are what make our success possible.2make up ones mind下決心；決定記牢change ones mind改變主意bear/keep . in mind 記住/牢記have .in mind 考慮；打算fix ones mind on/upon 把注意力集中于read ones mind 看出某人的心思練通單句語法填空After graduation from college, they made up their minds (mind) to go and settle in the countryside.Peter changed his (he) mind after a phone call at the last minute.詞匯升級(jí)Always remember that your main task is to get your English improved.bear/keep_in_mind_ 用準(zhǔn)make up ones mind中的名詞mind有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，根據(jù)ones的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定mind的單復(fù)數(shù)。寫美補(bǔ)全句子(2015湖南高考寫作)同時(shí)，我下定決心更加努力學(xué)習(xí)而不是把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在那些無用的事情上。At the same time, I made_up_my_mind_to_study_harder_rather_than_waste_precious_time on those useless things.3give in屈服；投降；讓步；上交記牢give in to向讓步give away 分發(fā)；贈(zèng)送；泄露give off 發(fā)出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等)give out 分發(fā)；用完；耗盡give up 放棄；停止練通單句語法填空The children were required to give in their examination papers immediately.If plastic and rubber are burnt, theyll give off poisonous gases.選詞填空(give in, give in to)The authorities have shown no signs of giving_in_to the kidnappers demand. 用準(zhǔn)give in作“上交”講時(shí)，為及物動(dòng)詞，其后可直接加賓語；作“讓步；投降”講時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后加介詞to，再接賓語。寫美補(bǔ)全句子(2016北京高考書面表達(dá))那個(gè)周末，我們?nèi)チ烁浇囊粋€(gè)社區(qū)并把它們捐贈(zèng)給那里的人們。That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave_them_away_to_the_people_there.句式集釋1insist that . (should) do sth.“堅(jiān)持主張做某事”教材原句Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she_insisted_that_she_organize the trip properly.悟拓展例句(1)He also insisted that they (should)_leave (leave) enough space for children.(2)On the contrary, the volunteers insist that they have_got (get) tired of the life on the earth.(3)The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)insist that .表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；堅(jiān)決要求”(2)insist on (doing) sth.表示“堅(jiān)持(做)某事”注意事項(xiàng)insist that . (1)表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”，后跟賓語從句用陳述語氣；(2)表示“堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)決主張”，后跟賓語從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞要用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。背寫作佳句(1)(2017天津高考書面表達(dá))The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made full use of to do the work well.(要點(diǎn)句)(2)In conclusion, so long as you insist on doing so, you will reap a harvest.(總結(jié)句)2“主語beadj.不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句When I told her_the_air_would_be_hard_to_breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.悟拓展例句(1)Todays homework was_easy_to_do,_so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.今天的作業(yè)容易做，因此邁克很快完成作業(yè)然后出去玩耍了。(2)Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.盡管這位女士看上去很優(yōu)雅，但實(shí)際上卻很難與之相處。析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)句型：主語beadj.不定式(2)特點(diǎn)：不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(3)使用條件：使用此結(jié)構(gòu)須具備兩個(gè)前提條件：不定式和句子的主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；常用形容詞有：difficult, hard, easy, fortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。注意事項(xiàng)在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，若不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)該加相應(yīng)的介詞。背寫作佳句(1)(2016四川高考書面表達(dá))Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite. The morning air is so good to breathe.(開頭句)(2)Even though the problem was difficult to solve, I didnt give up. Because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(要點(diǎn)句)詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .選詞填空care about， ever since， give in， make up ones mind， feel like， as usual， be fond of， put up1It is often the husband who gives_in first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple.2Im afraid that she wont e to help me as she promised.Dont worry.Nothing will change her mind if she has made_up_her_mind.3My grandfather is a warmhearted person, and he_is_fond_of giving advice to all my friends.4I usually slept in on Sundays, but on this particular morning, I felt_like getting up early.5While he was rescuing survivors in the ruins, little did he care_about his safety.6Despite her problems, she carried on working as_usual.7The exam results will_be_put_up on Friday afternoon.8Ever_since then, the couple have tried their best to help the disabled.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1中國歷來主張國家不分大小，應(yīng)該一律平等。(insist that)China has always insisted_that_all_countries,_big_or_small,_(should)_be_equal.2這臺(tái)機(jī)器很容易操作。任何人都可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)使用它。(主語beadj.不定式)This_machine_is_very_easy_to_operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 3通過建立家庭博客，無論在哪里我們都能便利地分享我們的經(jīng)歷。 (no matter)By setting up a family blog, we can conveniently share our experiences no_matter_where_we_are.4大連是一個(gè)如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客前來觀光旅游。(so .that)Dalian is so_attractive_a_place_that lots of tourists visit the city every year. 5是我姐姐在我處境困難的時(shí)候幫助了我。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)_It_was_my_sister_who/that gave me a hand when I was in trouble. .概要寫作概要寫作是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的有機(jī)結(jié)合。所給短文的文體以說明文、議論文為主。概要寫作旨在考查考生的閱讀理解能力和概括運(yùn)用英語語言知識(shí)的能力。寫作技法指導(dǎo)一、題型特點(diǎn)要求考生進(jìn)行概要寫作的閱讀材料原文詞數(shù)一般為300詞左右。要求考生閱讀原文后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫出一篇約60詞的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用語句既要用詞準(zhǔn)確，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，語義連貫，不得抄寫原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。二、注意事項(xiàng)1詞數(shù)要限制在60詞左右。2要根據(jù)文章的體裁特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概要寫作。3人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但必要時(shí)也可變換成第三人稱。4寫作時(shí)盡可能地使用復(fù)合句，必要時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換詞性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。三、寫作步驟第一步：歸納主旨大意(含段落大意)1概要寫作的第一步便是閱讀短文并抓取主題，進(jìn)而提取主旨大意，即有關(guān)該主題的主要內(nèi)容或作者在該主題上的觀點(diǎn)或主張。歸納主旨大意，是為了整體上把握語篇要義，有利于區(qū)分主次、剔除細(xì)節(jié)信息。2確定段落主旨句時(shí)，要兼顧語篇大背景，即在全文主旨大意的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下歸納段落主旨，將段落主旨納入語篇主旨的架構(gòu)中。不是所有的段落都有現(xiàn)成的段落主旨句，有的段落主旨句需要考生根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容予以歸納和概括。閱讀語篇時(shí)，根據(jù)不同的文體可采取以下方法歸納主旨大意：記敘文圈出記敘文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)；如果是夾敘夾議文，還要寫出故事給讀者帶來的啟示或寓意說明文找出文章要說明的對(duì)象、觀點(diǎn)或建議議論文提取議論文的三要素(論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論)第二步：提煉關(guān)鍵詞1結(jié)合主旨大意，細(xì)讀段落，找出每個(gè)段落的主旨句和關(guān)鍵詞，區(qū)別段落中哪些是main ideas，哪些是supporting ideas, examples 和additional information。通常是在相對(duì)重要的句子中提煉關(guān)鍵詞。正確的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵句是概要寫作最重要的內(nèi)容和依據(jù)。2消減事例，盡量減少實(shí)事并省略細(xì)節(jié)。第三步：合并和改寫1合并信息首先需要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類、整合，找到信息之間的聯(lián)系，再將聯(lián)系緊密的信息合并在一起。同一層級(jí)的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果聯(lián)系緊密，且沒有支持的細(xì)節(jié)信息，可以考慮合并。2在核心信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行語言表達(dá)形式的改寫，對(duì)原文的語言表達(dá)形式盡可能實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的改變(改詞、換句型)。第四步：核查成文核查連貫性，優(yōu)先考慮使用最短連接詞(but, then, later, finally, besides, thus, therefore, yet, however)；核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語法；核查詞數(shù)，并最終連句成文。經(jīng)典案例示法閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Your hunger doesnt necessarily mean you are really hungry.It is an important sign of what is happening in your body physically, emotionally and mentally.Sounds strange? It is true and here in this article we shall discuss certain things that your hunger is trying to tell you.When you feel hungry, try to figure out if you are really hungry.Sometimes when you think that you are hungry, you might be thirsty.It is possible that you have been dehydrated (脫水) for a long time and your body is sending a signal through your hunger.So instead of eating, go for water and quench your thirst at the earliest.If you feel hungry all the time, it could mean that you are depriving (剝奪) yourself of certain foods and hence the body is craving for these.If you are on a strict diet, then go for foods and legumes rich in protein along with plex carbohydrates (碳水化合物) like quinoa and brown rice that will take you a long time to digest and will keep you full for a long period of time.You might get hungry for a certain kind of food only at times.This is because you bee emotional about certain foods.For example, if you are happy and celebrating your anniversary, you might end up having a desire for the cake that you brought to celebrate the special occasion. This is called emotional eating.Sometimes your hunger might mean that you