Unit 2Healthy eating李仕才一、閱讀理解AA new study has found the amount of antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by twothirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticresistant infections (感染). Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States.The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困), the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.To meet the need, farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.【文章大意】本文主要圍繞在農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物身上使用抗生素的負(fù)面影響展開?！倦y句分析】 The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money. 分析：本句為復(fù)合句。notes后接省略了連接詞that的賓語從句；該賓語從句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句when people stop living in poverty; they want to do 為省略了關(guān)系詞that的定語從句，修飾the first thing; rather than連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)在賓語從句中作表語。 譯文：世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，當(dāng)人們擺脫貧窮之后，他們想做的第一件事情就是吃得好點(diǎn)，而不是掙更多的錢。1. What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals? AThe desire for new drugs.BThe less effective antibiotics.CThe outdated farm technology. DThe need for more various foods.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs.”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為用于農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物身上的抗生素的數(shù)量增加與人們對(duì)各種不同的食物的需求增加有關(guān)，故選D項(xiàng)。2. What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO?AMaking a lot of money.BFocusing more on health.CHaving more meat in their diet.DLiving in a better environment.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.”可知，C項(xiàng)正確。3 What can be inferred from the passage? AAntibiotics do harm to animals. BAntibiotics help animals stay healthy.CAntibiotics are used heavily in Europe. DAntibioticresistant bacteria spread to people.答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。結(jié)合第四段中的“Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.”可推知，抗生素耐藥細(xì)菌傳播到了人身上，故選D。由第三段中的“Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.”可知，A項(xiàng)表述有誤，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.”可知C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，可排除；B項(xiàng)最具干擾性，因?yàn)锽項(xiàng)本身是正確的，但是B項(xiàng)是文中的明確信息，不需要推斷得出，而題干所要求的選項(xiàng)需要經(jīng)過推理判斷得來，所以B項(xiàng)不符合題意。諸如B項(xiàng)這類本身正確，但不滿足題干要求的選項(xiàng)是考生做題時(shí)需要特別留意的。4. Whats the passage mainly about? AThe negative effect of antibiotics on farm animals.BThe advantages of using antibiotics.CThe reason for banning the use of antibiotics. DA new way of raising farm animals.答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可以看出，本文主要說的是在農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物身上使用抗生素的負(fù)面影響，故選A項(xiàng)。BIn 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up.Jeans father was a crop dusting pilot in the little farming community in Northern California where she was raised, and Jean was very interested in airplanes and flying. She poured her heart into her report and included all of her dreams. She wanted to be a crop dusting pilot, make parachute jumps(跳傘), and be an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an "F" on it. The teacher told her it was a "fairy tale" and that none of the occupations she listed were womens jobs. Jean was devastated and humiliated.One day in her senior year of high school, her English teacher Mrs Dorothy Slaton gave the class an assignment. "If you had unlimited money, unlimited access to the finest schools, and unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do?" Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down all her old dreams. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, "You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you dont go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough."The hurt and fear of years of discouragement went away because of what Mrs Slaton had said. Jean felt excited and a little scared. She stayed after class and went up to the teachers desk. Jean thanked Mrs Slaton and told her about her dream of becoming a pilot. Mrs Slaton half rose and slapped the desk top. "Then do it!" she said.So Jean did. It didnt happen overnight. It took her 10 years of hard work. It wasnt in Jeans nature to stand up for herself when someone refused or humiliated her. Instead, she would quietly try to find another way.She became a private pilot and then flew planes as a co-pilot (副駕駛員). In 1978, she became one of the first three female pilot trainees ever accepted by United Airlines and one of the only 50 women airline pilots in the nation at that time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain for United Airlines.1.When Jean Harper was in the third grade, _.A.it was common for women to be airline pilotsB. her father advised her to be a pilot like him in the futureC. she was unsure about what she wanted to be when she grew upD. she was deeply hurt by her teachers comment on her dreams2.What was Mrs Slatons reaction when she learned about Jean Harpers dream?A. Encouraging Jean to do what she wanted to.B. Offering Jean as much help as she could.C. Persuading Jean to give up her dream.D. Making Jean aware of all the possible difficulties.3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. How Jean Harper achieved her flying dream.B. Jean Harpers great achievements in flying.C. The hardships Jean Harper experienced when trying to be a pilot.D. Jean Harpers determination to pursue her dream.4.What gave Jean Harper enough strength and faith to pursue her dream?A. Her fathers influence on her.B. Mrs Slatons support.C. Her decision to stand up for herself.D.A teachers humiliation when she was in the third grade.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了Jean Harper如何在英語老師的鼓勵(lì)下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)一名飛行員的夢(mèng)想。1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Jean was devastated and humiliated"和第四段中的"The hurt and fear of years of discouragement"可知答案為D。3.B 【解析】段落大意題。最后一段主要講述了Jean Harper在飛行方面的成就，所以答案為B。4.B 【解析】推理判斷題。文中提到的Jean Harper的兩位老師，一位打擊她的夢(mèng)想，讓她幾乎對(duì)此喪失信心；另一位老師給她無限的信心，讓她相信自己，堅(jiān)持追尋夢(mèng)想，所以答案為B。二、七選五(2018云南省昆明市高三復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very common experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings (調(diào)味品) and enjoying each others company. _1_ Firstly，prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables. Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. _2_ Choose any food that you enjoy. Some common choices for a Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. _3_ Mushrooms of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations. _4_ At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. _5_ AFinally, arrange the seating reasonably.BNow comes the turn to enjoy your hot pot!CIt will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully.DHere are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home.EFor more variety，consider dumplings，rice cakes and tangyuan.FPopular choices include：cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato.GIt usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。吃火鍋在中國是常見的，本文介紹了做火鍋的步驟。1答案與解析：D根據(jù)該空位置并結(jié)合本文標(biāo)題“How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot”可知，空處承上啟下，引出下文對(duì)如何做火鍋的敘述，故D項(xiàng)與此處匹配。2答案與解析：C根據(jù)前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知，要將各種肉和魚切成薄片，據(jù)此可以判斷，這樣就能保證食物能很快煮熟，故C項(xiàng)正確。3答案與解析：F根據(jù)前一句“Meanwhile，select，wash and prepare some vegetables”可知，同時(shí)要選擇、清洗并準(zhǔn)備一些蔬菜，據(jù)此可以判斷，空處列舉常見的用于火鍋的蔬菜，故F項(xiàng)正確。4答案與解析：A根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為該段主題句；根據(jù)第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹做火鍋的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A項(xiàng)正確。5答案與解析：B根據(jù)空處所在的位置并結(jié)合語境可知，在火鍋的各種準(zhǔn)備工作完畢后，就應(yīng)該開始享受了，故B項(xiàng)正確。三、短文改錯(cuò)Last weekend I went on a ecotravel with a travel agency.All the way we appreciate the beautiful scenery and fresh air，so a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw rubbishes here and there.I dont think that it is a truly ecotravel.An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well as.A real ecotravel should like this：take nothing away but your good memory；leave nothing behind but all cleaner water and green trees.Enjoyed the beauty of nature，we should try their best to protect it.【答案】Last weekend I went on ecotravel with a travel agency.All the way we the beautiful scenery and fresh air， a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw here and there.I dont think that it is a ecotravel.An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well .A real ecotravel should like this：take nothing away but your good memory；leave nothing behind but all water and green trees. the beauty of nature，we should try best to protect it.第一處：aan?？疾楣谠~。ecotravel的讀音以元音音素開頭，所以用an。第二處：appreciateappreciated。考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Last weekend可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。第三處：sobut?？疾檫B詞。一路上我們欣賞美麗的景色，但是有人摘花。前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。第四處：rubbishesrubbish?？疾槊~。rubbish作“垃圾”講，為不可數(shù)名詞。第五處：trulytrue?？疾樾稳菰~。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞ecotravel。第六處：刪除well后的as?？疾楣潭ū磉_(dá)。as well as后跟賓語，意為“以及”，不符合語境，此處應(yīng)用as well表示“也”，放在句末。第七處：like前加be。考查系動(dòng)詞。此處like是介詞，should后缺少be動(dòng)詞。第八處：cleanerclean。考查形容詞。根據(jù)and后面的green以及語境可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞原級(jí)。第九處：EnjoyedEnjoying?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。主語we和enjoy之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。第十處：theirour。考查代詞。主語是we，此處表示“我們應(yīng)該盡我們最大的努力去保護(hù)大自然”，故應(yīng)用our。四、語法填空(2018濰坊模擬)All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do. The stomach must have a time _1_ (rest) between meals. The other parts of the body require rest, too. This they _2_ (usual) get while we are asleep. We must not fail to give them enough rest, or they will soon get _3_ (wear) out and give us trouble. Sometimes, when people are not well _4_ tired out, they find they cannot sleep well _5_ night. A number of little things can contribute to a good sleep. A hot foot bath, _6_ draws the blood away from the brain, frequently will be found _7_ (benefit). A glass of hot milk or cocoa, _8_ (take) just before going to bed, often will have the same effect. If the sleeplessness is a result of indigestion(消化不良), a plain diet will relieve. Sleeping upon a hard bed without any pillow sometimes _9_ (produce) the desired effect. Always have plenty of fresh air in the room. Keep the mind free from the cares of the day. Never take any _10_ (sleep) tablets except upon the advice of a physician, for they usually contain drugs that will injure the heart.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普類說明文。人體的各個(gè)器官都需要良好的休息。本文詳細(xì)介紹了幾條提高睡眠質(zhì)量的方法。1答案與解析：to rest考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：胃必須用兩餐之間的間隔時(shí)間來休息。have a time to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“有時(shí)間去做某事”。故填to rest。2答案與解析：usually考查副詞?？崭裉幮揎梽?dòng)詞get，故用形容詞usual的副詞形式usually。3答案與解析：worn考查過去分詞。該句主語they指代第一段第三句中的“The other parts of the body”，和動(dòng)詞短語wear out之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，wear應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。故填worn。4答案與解析：or考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句中的not well和空格后的tired out為選擇關(guān)系，表示“或者”。故填or。5答案與解析：at考查介詞。表示“在晚上”用固定短語at night。故填at。6答案與解析：which考查定語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞“A hot foot bath”，并在從句中作主語，所以用which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。故填which。7答案與解析：beneficial考查形容詞。該句中的found為感官動(dòng)詞，在該處用作系動(dòng)詞，后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語，意為“有利的，有益的”。故填beneficial。8答案與解析：taken考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該句中的主語“A glass of hot milk or cocoa”和動(dòng)詞take之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作狀語。故填taken。9答案與解析：produces/will produce考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：在硬床上不墊任何枕頭睡覺有時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到你想要的效果。根據(jù)句意可知，該句陳述的是客觀道理或預(yù)料將要發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)。故填produces/will produce。10答案與解析：sleeping考查名詞。sleeping tablet意為“安眠藥片”，相當(dāng)于sleeping pill，為固定用法。故填sleeping?！鹃L難句分析】All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do.(第一段第一句)分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中“although each one has its special part to do”為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。譯文：人體的所有部位協(xié)同工作，盡管每個(gè)部位都有其特殊作用。 6EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F375