世界與環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)鞏固.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable_(drink) islessandlessnow.2Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow_(save) water.3Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant_(protect) ourenvironment.4InChinaalotofriversandlakesare_(serious) pollutedbysomefactories.5Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，_(kill) alargenumberoffish.6Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld_(become) muchmorebeautiful.7Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult_(problem) intheworld.8Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand_(healthy) inthefuture.9Itishightimethatthegovernment_(take) somemeasurestoreducepollution.10_thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)11Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesproduceharmfulgases.12Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeopleslives.13Ifwedontsavewater，lastdropofwaterwillbeateardropofus.14Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveralmeasuretoreducetheheavypollution.15Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive.16Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthsoitisourhome.17Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostofthemarebeyondourcontrol.18Youdbeexposedtoalotlittlepollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.19Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings.20Nobodyknowsexactwhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.話(huà)題詞匯1pollution n污染2atmosphere n大氣，氣氛3consequence n結(jié)果，后果4attach great importance to.十分重視5be aware of.意識(shí)到6damage v毀壞7make a difference有影響8environment n環(huán)境9suffer v受苦，遭受10cause v導(dǎo)致能力提升.閱讀理解A(2018安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)聯(lián)考)Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(森林濫伐) oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆轉(zhuǎn))Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持續(xù)的) useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelongtermbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.21Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?AHumansdestroyingthetrees.BCarbonsinksbeingreduced.CLackingrenewableresources.DFencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.22Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ATropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.BRainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.CHumanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests.DEconomicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.23Whatistheauthorsattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?AIndifferent.BConcerned.CDoubtful.DPuzzled.24Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?AToshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.BTostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.CToappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.DTointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.BForcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworldseconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia.Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes.Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces.Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants.SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700speciallytrainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere.25ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat_.AhumansdontcareforelephantsBelephantshavebeennexttoextinctionCelephantshavebecomegentlerthanbeforeDelephantshavegainedmoreattention26Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants?ALessspace.BAlackoffood.CSufferingfromadisease.DElephanthunting.27Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers?ATheirtusksareprofitable.BElephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly.CFarmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat.DFarmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants.28Whatisthepurposeofthistext?ATopersuadereaderstomakeadonation.BToguidereadershowtoprotectelephants.CToencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants.DTointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants.短文改錯(cuò)(2018廣東湛江二模)Whatissomethingyoucantseebutisallaroundyou？Whatholdanairplaneinthesky？Theanswerwithallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucantseeair，butyouknowitsthere.Youcanfeelthem.Airisamixtureofinvisiblegas.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens？Yourchestrisessoyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also，thetiresonbikes，cars，trucksandbusesneedairtokeeproll.Theatmosphereblocksoutmuchofthesunsharmfulrays.The atmosphere traps the heat from the sun.It makes our world warmly enough for life to grow.答案解析.1.todrink2.tosave3.toprotect4.seriously5.killing6willbecome7.problems8.healthier9.shouldtake/took10On.11.Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesharmfulgases.12Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeopleslives.13Ifwedontsavewater，lastdropofwaterwillbeateardropofus.14Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveraltoreducetheheavypollution.15Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive.16Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthitisourhome.17Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostofarebeyondourcontrol.18Youdbeexposedtoalotpollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.19Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings.20Nobodyknowswhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.語(yǔ)篇解讀如今，熱帶雨林正面臨嚴(yán)重的生存危機(jī)，為世界敲響了環(huán)保警鐘。人類(lèi)應(yīng)采取更加實(shí)際、有效的措施來(lái)保護(hù)熱帶雨林。21A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Deforestation(森林濫伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction”可知，人類(lèi)對(duì)熱帶雨林的濫砍濫伐導(dǎo)致熱帶雨林一些物種的滅絕。故選A。22D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Economic，political，and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.”可推知經(jīng)濟(jì)效益對(duì)保護(hù)熱帶雨林有一定影響。故選D。23B觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者講述了熱帶雨林正在消失的現(xiàn)狀并提出了一些保護(hù)措施已經(jīng)無(wú)效的問(wèn)題。由此可以推斷出作者對(duì)熱帶雨林保護(hù)持擔(dān)憂(yōu)的態(tài)度。故選B。24C寫(xiě)作目的題。通讀全文并根據(jù)最后兩段可知，作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的保護(hù)熱帶雨林的方法無(wú)效，呼吁大家分享合適的保護(hù)措施。故選C。語(yǔ)篇解讀本文主要講了大象在經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而現(xiàn)在由于種種原因，大象的數(shù)量在急劇減少。作者在這里呼吁人們保護(hù)野生大象。25B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的數(shù)據(jù)252 000,160 000,144 000,36可知，大象的數(shù)量在不斷地減少，所以它們有瀕臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。故選B。26D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Elephant hunting or poaching has been a major factor for the disappearance of this species，and they are killed only for their valuable ivory tusks.”可知，導(dǎo)致大象滅絕最主要的原因是人類(lèi)對(duì)大象的捕殺。故選D。27A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，農(nóng)民捕殺大象的現(xiàn)象很難被禁止的原因是象牙很賺錢(qián)。故選A。28C寫(xiě)作目的題。通讀全文尤其是文中最后一段的最后兩句可知，作者寫(xiě)作本文是想鼓勵(lì)人們保護(hù)大象。故選C。.Whatissomethingyoucantseebutisallaroundyou？Whatanairplaneinthesky？Theanswerallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucantseeair，butyouknowitsthere.Youcanfeel.Airisamixtureofinvisible.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens？Yourchestrisesyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also，thetiresonbikes，cars，trucksandbusesneedairtokeep.Theatmosphereblocksoutofthesunsharmfulrays.Theatmospheretrapstheheatfromthesun.Itmakesourworldenoughforlifetogrow.