選修8Unit 3李仕才考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修8Unit 3)【短文語(yǔ)法填空】Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _1_ farm, which looked almost abandoned._2_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _3_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _4_ (leave)The cow was their only means of support, in fact.One day, the cow was eating grass _5_ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away, she _6_ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living _7_ the cow.In order to support his family, Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _8_ (sell) the wood.Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _9_ people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to _10_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這篇短文講述的是Johnson先生一家人依靠農(nóng)場(chǎng)里的奶牛維持生活，但是一次意外奶牛摔死了。Johnson先生不得不想其他辦法繼續(xù)生活。他一邊種藥草和蔬菜，一邊砍樹(shù)去集上賣(mài)木頭。上帝給他關(guān)上了一扇門(mén)的時(shí)候，又給他打開(kāi)了一扇門(mén)。1a句意：他擁有一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)看起來(lái)都快廢棄了。a 是不定冠詞，表示泛指一個(gè)，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生和家人住在樹(shù)林里，他擁有一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。故填a。2luckily句意：幸運(yùn)的是，他還有一頭奶牛，每天都能產(chǎn)奶。luckily副詞，幸運(yùn)的是。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生的農(nóng)場(chǎng)很破舊，都快要廢棄了。但是還有奶牛每天都產(chǎn)奶，能讓他維持生存，所以這是一件幸運(yùn)的事。這里用副詞形式修飾整個(gè)句子。3for句意：他去附近的鎮(zhèn)里賣(mài)牛奶，或用牛奶換其他的食物。本句話中exchange 的意思是交換，根據(jù)句意可知，Johnson先生用牛奶換其他的食物。這里是用短語(yǔ)exchange.for.，故填介詞for。4was left句意：他去附近的鎮(zhèn)里賣(mài)牛奶，或用牛奶換其他的食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黃油。leave離開(kāi)；剩下，留下。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生一家靠農(nóng)場(chǎng)里的奶牛產(chǎn)奶生活。除去賣(mài)掉的和換其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用來(lái)制作奶酪和黃油。這里what was left是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可知用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5when句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，這時(shí)突然開(kāi)始下起大雨。when是并列連詞，意思是正在這時(shí)。這句話使用的句型是be doing sth when.，正在做某事這時(shí)。6fell句意：在慌忙逃跑的時(shí)候，奶牛摔下山死了。fall摔倒，掉下來(lái)，根據(jù)文意可知，這篇短文使用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故這里填過(guò)去式fell。7without句意：奶牛死了，Johnson先生不得不繼續(xù)生活。根據(jù)文意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的時(shí)候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson先生就不得不在沒(méi)有了奶牛情況下生活。故填without。8to sell句意：因?yàn)檫@些藥草和蔬菜需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間來(lái)生長(zhǎng)，Johnson先生就開(kāi)始砍樹(shù)來(lái)賣(mài)木頭。sell賣(mài)，銷(xiāo)售。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生一邊種植藥草和蔬菜，一邊砍樹(shù)去賣(mài)。這里用動(dòng)詞不定式形式在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。9where句意：豐收的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)在人們定期趕集的市場(chǎng)上去賣(mài)藥草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在這里引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the market。10him句意：現(xiàn)在看來(lái)好像他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)是非常有潛能的，奶牛的死也似乎給他帶來(lái)了好運(yùn)氣。It occurred to sb that.某人突然發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是一個(gè)固定的句型，因?yàn)檫@篇短文講述的是Johnson先生，故填him。.閱讀理解AIBM and Local Motors introduced a new self-driving electric vehicle called “Olli” in National Harbour,Maryland.The carreally,a small busis capable of transporting 12 people at once.It uses IBMs “Watson” system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.For example,if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your general path to work every morning.If youre running late one day or Watson uses weather data to figure out that its about to rain,or that traffic will get worseOlli might tell you theres no time for coffee.Ask it when youll arrive at your destination and it can answer.The vehicle will be available to the public in National Harbor at “select times” this summer.Later this year,it will be used in Floridas Miami-Dade County and Las Vegas.Much has been said about Googles driverless car prototype(模型)but Jay Rogers,CEO of Local Motors,a small experimental car maker,says theres a problem with the Googles business model.“Google doesnt make cars,”he explained.While thats not strictly truethe company does have its own self-driving car prototypeGoogle is working with traditional automakers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads.But driverless cars arent legal in every state.“A company like Fiat Chrysler wont put out vehicles they cant sell everywhere,”Rogers said.Rogers believes Local Motors is nimble enough to be an industry leader.The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.Were a long way away from having Olli everywhere,of course,but Rogers says Local Motors major problem is legislation,not technology.Theyre already equipped to produce and deliver the cars wherever theres demandthough its a small company,so dont expect too many of them.1.Whats Ollis major feature?A.It is an electric vehicle.B.It doesnt need a driver.C.It can take 12 people at once.D.It can communicate with passengers.2.What does Rogers think of Googles driverless cars?A.They will be Ollis strong competitors.B.They cant be driven on public roads.C.They have a big technical problem.D.They wont be mass-produced.3.What does the underlined word “nimble” in the text mean?A.Able to adapt easily.B.Able to act quickly.C.Fully developed.D.Highly creative.4.Why will Olli not appear in great numbers?A.Because it is still in the testing stage.B.Because many people cant afford to buy it.C.Because Local Motors has low productivity.D.Because driverless cars are not legal in America.B(2016武漢武昌調(diào)研)Brooke Martins golden retriever(金毛獵犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?”Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesnt have to answer the call,”explains Brooke.“It comes up immediately on the screen on its end.Its a two-way audio and videoyou can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn.After Martins video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product develop ment scientist in 3Ms consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dogs end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.“One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids dont get buried in data,”she said.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competitionB.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs hungerC.A man-made device lets people chat with their petsD.A kid-invented device calms dogs separation anxiety6.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by .A.allowing video chatB.making dogs sleepC. answering the callD.giving them food7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”?A.Competitors.B.Assistants.C.Instructors.D.Companions.8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C.They cope with the problems related to computers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.【鞏固】One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states. said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(規(guī)定) was the 1994 Toubon law in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process. It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the purity of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France. The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.1.Neville Alexander believes that _.A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure2.The underlined word futile (in paragraph 2) most probably means _.A. workable B. practical C. useless D. unnecessary3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and education.B. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language.4.The best title for the passage is _. A. Fighting against the rule of English B. Protecting local languages and identitiesC. Globalization and multi-language trend D. To maintain the purity of language by law【文章大意】現(xiàn)在世界全球化導(dǎo)致很多國(guó)家的獨(dú)特的文化收到了沖擊和影響，本文講述的正是這方面的話題。很多國(guó)家都采取了很多的措施來(lái)保護(hù)本國(guó)的文化。1.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states. said Neville Alexander可知，他認(rèn)為母語(yǔ)教育方面的缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的失敗。故D正確。2.C 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本句Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.可知，很多語(yǔ)言專家都認(rèn)為管理語(yǔ)言使用的努力是無(wú)用的，因?yàn)檫@樣的控制是沒(méi)有什么效果的。故C正確。4.B 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend.可知，現(xiàn)在世界全球化導(dǎo)致很多國(guó)家的獨(dú)特的文化受到了沖擊和影響，本文講述的正是這方面的話題。故B正確。.七選五閱讀(2016重慶第二次診斷)How to Get on a Reality TV ShowThink carefully before you leap!Being on a reality TV show is about being exposed.And that exposure is to everyone,including your family,friends,neighbors,and your former school teachers.Is this something you can handle?1 If youre not worried about this,then youre ready!On the other hand,if you value your privacy and reputation intensely,reality TV stardom may not be for you.Give it up before things get difficult if thats the case!2For a brand-new show,read whatever is already available in the media about the shows intended themes,content,time slot,and audience.3 This is probably easier if youve watched it without fail since it began.Be practical.When you assess your suitability to go any further,some of the things that you should keep in mind include being realistic.It makes little sense to apply to be in a weight loss show when youre already at an ideal weight.4 If youre applying for a show wanting people with a business background or a college education and you dont have one,again,it may not be worth your while.Know why you want to do this.The shows producers will want a strong,well-founded response.5 Telling them “I want to be famous”rarely distinguishes you from every other person wanting the same.Be confident in what you believe you can contribute to the show while focusing on your hoped-for outcome.A.Can you actually sing,dance,act,etc.,as required?B.Learn all that you can about the show before applying.C.Do you mind if people who used to know you talk about you?D.Nor is it wise to try modeling when your height isnt what theyre looking for.E.Do you have to eat things that are simply awful and that youd never think of eating in a million years?F.Give an answer that shows your strengths,your interesting points,and a desire to be a good role model.G.For an existing show,it makes good sense to be up-to-date about the entire show from its previous seasons.短文改錯(cuò)I once took part in a speech contest.Such difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even a time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopeful and wanted to give up.And deep in my heart I didnt want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and take the contest seriously.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I wont feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.At the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修8Unit 3).【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。電動(dòng)汽車(chē)Olli不僅可以無(wú)人駕駛,還可以與乘客互動(dòng),回答乘客的各種問(wèn)題。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It uses IBMs Watson system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.”及第二段內(nèi)容可知,通過(guò)IBM的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)Watson,Olli可以與乘客互動(dòng)。2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“But driverless cars arent legal in every state.A company like Fiat Chrysler wont put out vehicles they cant sell everywhere,.”可知,由于無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)不是在每個(gè)州都合法,因此與谷歌合作的汽車(chē)廠商不會(huì)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)。3.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.”可知,Local Motors從設(shè)計(jì)Olli到上路只用了一年多的時(shí)間,由此看出,Local Motors“動(dòng)作迅速”,堪為行業(yè)領(lǐng)頭羊。4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“.its a small company,so dont expect too many of them.”可知,由于Local Motors是家小公司,生產(chǎn)能力有限,因此不會(huì)有大批量的Olli上市。【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了一位16歲的中學(xué)生發(fā)明了一種遠(yuǎn)程照顧寵物狗的設(shè)備,并因此進(jìn)入探索教育3M青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽的前十名。5.D主旨大意題。本文主要講了一位16歲的中學(xué)生發(fā)明了一種設(shè)備,這種設(shè)備能讓狗和主人視頻,讓狗在主人離開(kāi)時(shí)不感到焦慮,故選D項(xiàng)。6.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“.a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!”可知,iCPooch通過(guò)讓狗主人和狗視頻聊天,從而讓狗安靜下來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。7.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“These finalists.are working with mentors over the summer.”可知,這次青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽的決賽選手已經(jīng)和指導(dǎo)者一起工作了一個(gè)夏天,畫(huà)線詞應(yīng)表示“指導(dǎo)者”,故選C項(xiàng)。最后一段的with the guidance from a mentor也是提示。8.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第二句“Their projects include a fuel cell.and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.”可知,這些決賽選手的發(fā)明可能幫助解決日常生活中的問(wèn)題,故選B項(xiàng)。.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章向我們介紹了如何上電視真人秀節(jié)目。比如說(shuō),上節(jié)目之前要認(rèn)真考慮,了解你會(huì)被提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題及你的答案等。1.C本段討論的話題是你一旦上了電視真人秀節(jié)目,認(rèn)識(shí)你的人會(huì)議論你,因此在上節(jié)目前你要認(rèn)真考慮。故選C項(xiàng)?？蘸笠痪渲械膖his指代空處所在句的內(nèi)容。2.B本題是選擇段落主題句。由上下文中段落主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處需要一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的祈使句。再結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知答案為B項(xiàng)。3.G由空后一句中的“.if youve watched it without fail since it began.”可知,此處談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)已經(jīng)播出過(guò)的節(jié)目,而不是一個(gè)全新的節(jié)目。故選G項(xiàng)。4.D本段談?wù)摰闹黝}是要現(xiàn)實(shí)一點(diǎn),選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)墓?jié)目。本段中所舉的例子均是圍繞這一話題的。故選D項(xiàng)。5.F由空后的“Telling them I want to be famous.”及空前的“The shows producers will.response.”可知,此處談?wù)摰氖悄阍谏暾?qǐng)參加節(jié)目時(shí)會(huì)被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題和你的回答。.I once took part in a speech contest.SuchSo difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even athe time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopefulhopeless and wanted to give up.AndBut deep in my heart I didnt want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and taketook the contest seriously.I kept remindreminding myself,“If I try my best,I wont feel regretful,whicheverwhatever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.AtIn the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it. 我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，需要轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，改變粗放式增長(zhǎng)模式，不斷優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化，推動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化因：我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展還面臨區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡、城鎮(zhèn)化水平不高、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡不協(xié)調(diào)等現(xiàn)實(shí)挑戰(zhàn)。