Appositive ClauseWhat kind of noun clauses are they?What it was to become was a mystery.2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.名名詞詞性性從從句句Mr. Liu, our Chinese teacher, is a charming gentleman.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 同位語（同位語（appositive appositive ）同位語從句同位語從句（appositive clauseappositive clause）Lead-in 名詞性從句名詞性從句 主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句主語從句在句中做主語從句在句中做- 賓語從句在句中做賓語從句在句中做-表語從句在句中做表語從句在句中做- 同位語從句在句中同位語從句在句中- 主語主語賓語賓語表語表語同位語同位語1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there.4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句a. It + be +形容詞形容詞+ that-從句從句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯很明顯b. It + be + -ed 分詞分詞+ that-從句從句It is believed that人們相信人們相信It is known to all that從所周知從所周知It has been decided that 已決定已決定 c. It + be +名詞名詞+ that-從句從句It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)是常識(shí)It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是事實(shí)是d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-從句從句It appears that似乎似乎It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 注意：注意： 用用 it 作形式主語的作形式主語的that- 從句有以下幾組：從句有以下幾組：1. It is well known that a big earthquake struck Japan on 11, March.2. The reason why it happened is that the continents are moving.3. What surprised me most was that a large number of cars were washed away by the water.4. A large number of people were homeless, and I have no idea whether they can rebuild their home.5. The news that our country has offered help makes me proud.6. I think it our duty to do what we can (do) to help them. 同位語從句同位語從句1.概念概念:在復(fù)合句中作在復(fù)合句中作_的同位語的名詞性從句。的同位語的名詞性從句。2.功能功能:同位語從句對(duì)該抽象名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞同位語從句對(duì)該抽象名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的的_。3.用法用法: 常跟同位語從句的抽象名詞有常跟同位語從句的抽象名詞有:4.連詞連詞: that/whether/who/ which what/when/where/why/howfact_/ idea_ /reason _ /thought_ /doubt_/news_/hope_/belief_/message_/decision _ / warning_/information_ order_ / promise_ / possibility_ /evidence_ 事實(shí)事實(shí) 想法想法 理由理由想法想法疑惑疑惑 消息消息希望希望信念信念消息消息決定決定警告警告信息信息命令命令諾言諾言可能性可能性證據(jù)證據(jù)抽象名詞抽象名詞具體內(nèi)容具體內(nèi)容 I. 名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞： 連接詞連接詞 ：that、if、whether不作成分不作成分無意義無意義2. 連接代詞連接代詞 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which 、 whoever, whatever3. 連接副詞：連接副詞： when、 where、why、how“是否是否” 作狀語作狀語作主作主/賓賓/表表 主語從句主語從句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how從從 句句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain. 主語太長了主語太長了!放到句尾放到句尾That無詞義無詞義,不可省略不可省略What “什么什么”, “所所.的的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候”主語從句不用主語從句不用 if位于句首位于句首主語從句的位置 1.在句首 2.主語較長時(shí)通常放在后面,句首主語用 It連接詞連接詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,只起連接作用只起連接作用.He told me the news that he would come home from abroad soon.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.如果從句句子如果從句句子意思完整且是確定的事情意思完整且是確定的事情應(yīng)該應(yīng)該用用_來引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo).that只用只用whether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo),不用不用if.連接詞連接詞whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句引導(dǎo)的同位語從句如果從句意思不完整且表示如果從句意思不完整且表示不確定的事情不確定的事情(含含“是否是否”之意之意)，應(yīng)該用，應(yīng)該用_來引來引導(dǎo)導(dǎo).whether He must answer the question _ he agrees to it or not.whether連接詞代詞連接詞代詞what/which/who 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句引導(dǎo)的同位語從句1.誰會(huì)出國這個(gè)問題還未決定誰會(huì)出國這個(gè)問題還未決定.2.我不知道該選哪個(gè)我不知道該選哪個(gè).1.The question _ should go abroad hasnt been decided yet.2. I have no idea _ one I should choose.whichwho(定語定語)(主語主語)在從句中充當(dāng)成分在從句中充當(dāng)成分連接詞副詞連接詞副詞when/where/why/how引導(dǎo)同位引導(dǎo)同位語從句并分別充當(dāng)語從句并分別充當(dāng)_狀語狀語.1.我了解他們?yōu)槭裁措x開得那么早我了解他們?yōu)槭裁措x開得那么早.2. 我們還沒決定好去哪兒我們還沒決定好去哪兒.1.Ive got a good idea _ they left early.2.The question _ we should go has not been decided.whywhere時(shí)間時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)/原因原因/方式方式5. 注意事項(xiàng)：注意事項(xiàng)：同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所要說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞要說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開，這種從句叫隔開，這種從句叫分隔式同位語從分隔式同位語從句。句。Word came that their team had won.(1)The whole truth came out at last that it was a wolf in sheeps clothing.(2) 表示表示“建議、命令、要求建議、命令、要求”等的名等的名詞（如詞（如suggestion, advice, order, request等）后接同位語從句時(shí)，從句等）后接同位語從句時(shí)，從句用用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形” 結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)，should 可以省略?？梢允÷?。 Our teacher gave advice that we (should) make use of every chance to speak English.He gave the order that the patient _（send) to hospital without delay.(should) be sent(3) 當(dāng)當(dāng)doubt 作名詞用于作名詞用于肯定句肯定句中中，其，其后的同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞用后的同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞用whether; 如如果是果是否定句否定句/疑問句疑問句，則用，則用that. There is some doubt _their football team will win the match.There is no/little doubt _they will agree with you on this matter.Thats all.whetherthat 同位語從句與同位語從句與that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別是什的定語從句的區(qū)別是什么么? 該如何區(qū)分呢該如何區(qū)分呢?三三.如何區(qū)別由如何區(qū)別由that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和同位語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句和同位語從句1.定語從句中定語從句中that，代詞代詞，可在從句中作，可在從句中作主、賓、表主、賓、表同位語從句中同位語從句中that, 連詞連詞，無成分無意義無成分無意義The news that our team has won the game was true.The news that he told me yesterday was true. 2.定義：定義：定語從句定語從句-對(duì)先行詞加以修飾限定，與先行詞對(duì)先行詞加以修飾限定，與先行詞 是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系。是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系。 同位語從句同位語從句-對(duì)名詞即先行詞加以補(bǔ)充說明，是對(duì)名詞即先行詞加以補(bǔ)充說明，是 名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)。名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)。 判斷判斷:定語從句定語從句or同位語從句同位語從句1. The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.2. The news that we got last week is true.3. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.4. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. (定語從句定語從句)(同位語從句同位語從句)(同位語從句同位語從句)(定語從句定語從句)1. （09江西）江西）The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though2. The suggestion _he raised at the meeting is very good. A. which B. that C. what D. /3. The suggestion _ the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good. A. which B. that C. what D. /總結(jié)總結(jié):1)同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進(jìn)一步說明該同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進(jìn)一步說明該 名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句常跟在名詞名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句常跟在名詞 idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名詞之后等抽象名詞之后 2)連接詞連接詞that不能省略不能省略,無意義無成分；無意義無成分； 3)用用whether而不用而不用if引導(dǎo)同位語從句引導(dǎo)同位語從句 4)連接代詞連接代詞who, which, what在從句中作主語、在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語賓語、表語或定語; 連接副詞連接副詞where, when, why, how在從句作狀語。在從句作狀語。 ： that,what ,which , whether, if, who, whom,whose, whatever ,whichever,whoever ,whomever,whoseverwhen, where, why, how 重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)8 含有插入語的名詞性從句含有插入語的名詞性從句Are you clear now?Are you clear now?OK . Lets do some exercises!OK . Lets do some exercises!1. (09江西江西33) The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though2. (09四川四川7) News came from the school office _Wang Lin had beenadmitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where3. It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow. A. if B. whether C. that D. what4. He made a suggestion that we_ money to the people in the south. A. give B. gave C. would give D. could give5. There is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether6. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. that B. what that C. that what D. whether7. The news _ he told us yesterday is not true, but the news _ our team has won the match is true. A. /; that B. that; / C. that; which D. that; whoAThats all !