牛津英語(yǔ)6A英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一般過(guò)去時(shí)定義：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式”用法：1.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.3.常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間有：at that time, then, at that moment, yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),一段時(shí)間+ago(several days ago), two days ago, a week ago, three years agoin 1990, (in 1997) ,just now, long before, long, long ago二.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則（一）1、一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加edhelphelped, looklooked, playplayed, workworked, listenlistened, washwashed, cleancleaned,2、結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞加- dlive-lived hope-hoped use-used like - liked3、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加edstop-stopped plan-planned4、結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動(dòng)詞,先變“y”為“i”再加edstudy-studied carry -carried cry - cried worryworried(二)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的讀音規(guī)則規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加-ed的讀音:基本規(guī)則是輕輕,濁濁,既在輕輔音后加ed讀輕輔音/t/。在濁輔音及元音后加ed讀濁輔音/d/。例：askasked /a:skt/, cookcooked /kukt/, passpassed /pa:st/,helped, liked, watched.例：movemoved /mu:vd/, livelived / livd/, listenlistened /lisnd/, staystayed /steid/在/t/ /d/之后念/id/ ,即ed在/t/ /d/音后面念/id/例：shoutshouted / , startstarted /sta:tid/,wantwanted /wantid/, needneeded /ni:did/(三)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：a.過(guò)去式與動(dòng)詞原形的拼寫(xiě)形式相同：letlet, putput, readread,(注意read的過(guò)去式讀red)b. ia: beginbegan, drinkdrank, givegave, ringrang, singsang, sitsat, swimswamc. io: drivedrove, riderode, writewroted. owew: growgrew, knowknew, throwthrewe.含ough或augh的：bringbrought, buybought, thinkthought；catchcaught, teachtaughtf. am is -wasare -weredo-didcan-couldcome-came不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式平時(shí)出現(xiàn)要留心,逐個(gè)熟記,注意積累。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式、現(xiàn)在分詞的不規(guī)則變化：am; is是wasbeing are是werebeingbegin開(kāi)始beganbeginning build建筑builtbuildingbuy買(mǎi)boughtbuying can能could無(wú)come來(lái)camecoming copy拷貝copiedcopyingdo做diddoing draw畫(huà)drewdrawingdrink喝drankdrinking drive駕駛drovedrivingeat吃ateeating feel感覺(jué)feltfeelingfind尋找foundfinding fly飛flewflyingforget忘記forgotforgettingget得到gotgettinggive給予gavegiving go去wentgoinggrow成長(zhǎng)grewgrowing have有hadhavinghear聽(tīng)heardhearing keep保持keptkeepingknow知道knewknowing learn學(xué)習(xí)learnt, learnedlearninglet讓letletting make做mademakingmay可以might無(wú) mean意思meantmeaningmeet見(jiàn)面metmeeting must必須must無(wú)put放putputting read讀readreadingride騎roderiding ring響rangringingrun跑ranrunning say說(shuō)saidsayingsee看見(jiàn)sawseeing sing唱歌sangsingingsit坐satsitting sleep睡覺(jué)sleptsleepingspeak講話spokespeaking spend花錢(qián)spentspendingstand站立stoodstanding sweep打掃sweptsweepingswim游泳swamswimming take拿到tooktakingteach教taughtteaching tell講述toldtellingthink思考thoughtthinking will意愿would無(wú)write寫(xiě)wrotewriting三.句型轉(zhuǎn)化：1be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)的句型如下：(1)否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（was, were）+ not(2)疑問(wèn)句：be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（was, were）+主語(yǔ)？a.He was busy yesterday. (肯定句)他昨天很忙。b.He was not busy yesterday. (否定句)他昨天不忙。c.Was he busy yesterday? (疑問(wèn)句)他昨天忙嗎？d.There werent any boys in the room.房間里沒(méi)有男孩兒。e. Were there any boys in the room?房間里有男孩兒?jiǎn)幔?行為動(dòng)詞的否定式和疑問(wèn)式：(1)若肯定句中只有一個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞,那就得在行為動(dòng)詞前加上did not或縮略式didnt,并把這個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞由過(guò)去式改為動(dòng)詞原形。例如：a. I called Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.I did not / didnt call Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.b. I borrowed a book from Sun Yang last Sunday.I didnt borrow a book from Sun Yang last Sunday.(2)行為動(dòng)詞的一般疑問(wèn)句若在陳述句中只有行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,那就得在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞did來(lái)幫助提問(wèn),然后把句中的行為動(dòng)詞由過(guò)去式改為動(dòng)詞原形,并在句末打上問(wèn)號(hào)?；卮饡r(shí)別忘了還用did.例如：a. We stayed there for 10 days last month.Did you stay there for 10 days last month? Yes, we did. / No, we didnt.b. Mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening.Did Mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening? Yes, she did. / No, she didnt練習(xí)：一用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We _ (live) in Japan last year.2. Susan_ (stop) the car on the street yesterday.3. My mother_ (clean) my room and _(study) for the English test last Sunday.4. What _ you _(do) last night?5. On Saturday morning I _(play) football.二用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1) May_ (finish) her homework very late yesterday evening.(2) Han Mei _ (bring) her pet to the park that day.(3) His father _ (buy) a new computer for him last week.(4) Miss Du_ (walk) to work every day last term.(5) We _ (move) to Shenyang 8 years ago.(6) _ you _ (have) bread for breakfast this morning?(7) She _ (give) me a nice present last night.(8) The police _ (stop) the car and _ (catch) the thief (小偷) just now.(9) Tom _ (carry) water for the old man last Saturday.(10)Uncle Wang _ ( come )into the room and _ ( find ) something to eat.(11).Lily _ ( study ) in the classroom for two hours and then _ ( leave ).(12).Jimmy _ ( do ) a lot today. He _ ( go ) shopping and _ ( cook ) supper.(13).We _ ( go ) to the cinema last night. The film _ ( be ) very good.(14).What time _ you _ ( get ) to school this morning?三按要求變換下列句型,每空一詞。(1) Wei Fang cleaned the classroom an hour ago. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句,并作肯定和否定回答)_ Wei Fang _ the classroom an hour ago?_, she _._,she _.(2) Li Hong did her homework yesterday afternoon. (改為否定句)Li Hong _ _ her homework yesterday afternoon.(3) Uncle Li drove a truck to Wuhan three months ago(改成一般疑問(wèn)句)_ Uncle Li _a truck toWuhanthree months ago?(4) Miss Gao taught them English last term.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_ _ Miss Gao _ _ English?(5) Mr Ren always went to work on foot last year. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_Mr Gao _ to work last year？(6)Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.(7)He found some meat in the fridge.（變一般疑問(wèn)句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?(8)She stayed there for a month.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_ _ _ she _ there?(9)There was some tea in the cup.（變一般疑問(wèn)句)_ there _ tea in the cup?四.選擇( )1.The two _in the same class last year.A. areB. wasC. were( )2.-Where_ you ?-I went to buy some food for supper.A.are goB.did goC.do go( )3.The students in Li Leis class_ on a farm last week.A. workB. worksC. worked( )4._ that worker _in a shoe factory a year ago?A. Do, workB.Did, workedC. Did, work( )5.-Have you found your pen ?-Yes, I_ it two hours ago.A. foundB. findC. finded( )6. _your mother _to work last Saturday?A. Did, goB. Do, goC. Does, go( )7.They_ not late the day before yesterday.A. didB. wereC. are( )8._ they away from school last October?A. DidB. WereC. Do( )9. _you_ to school last Sunday?A. Did, comeB. Do, comeC. Were, come( )10.What _they_ for breakfast last week?A. were, haveB. did, haveC. will, have( )11.My friend _his homework fifteen minutes ago.A. finishB. finishesC. finished( )12.The boys_ only two subjects last term, but this term they_ five.A. have, haveB. had, hadC. had, have( )13.Why _Ann _TV last night ?A. didnt, watchB. dont ,watchC. doesnt , watch( )14.They stopped here because they_ the way to the station.A. didnt knowB. dont knowC. will know( )15-Where _ you find your ticket?-I _it on the ground.A. did, foundB. do, foundC. were, find五.將下列各詞重新排序使其成為正確的句子：1. you go the did to city yesterday (?)_2. did he what in eat evening the (?)_3. went there I taxi by (.)_4. walked to the she back school (.)_5. it rainy was yesterday (?)_一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He _ (live) in America two years ago.2. The boy _ (listen) to the teacher carefully last week.3. We _ (watch) a Japanese cartoon last Friday.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (pull) up(carrot) with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival（春節(jié)）.8. The girls _ (dance) at the party last Wednesday .9.The students _ (study) very hard last month(月).10. My parents_(plan ) to have a good weekend last Thursday.11. We(visit ) our grandparents last Sunday.My grandparents(be) very happy to see us .12. The children(water) the flowers and(collect ) eggs on the farm three days ago . They(be) very exited.13. Su Yang(clean) her house with Su Hai two days ago .14. Mike( taste ) a lot of oranges on the farm when he was ten years old.15. Yesterday evening , I (walk ) in the park with my cousin .There(be) lots of people in the park.16. Ben(ask) his mother many questions when he was five years old.1. I _ (watch) a Chinese cartoon last Saturday.2. Helen _ (talk) the National Day with her father last night.3. Our teacher(use) the computer to give us an English lesson yesterday.4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives(親戚) last Spring Festival（春節(jié)）?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite last Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Ben _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. My mother _(work) yesterday, but my father _(not)(work).8. What _ she _ (do) in the garden last morning? She _(play) the guitar.9. My sister(wash) her dress the day before yesterday.10.We(go) to school last Saturday. We(have) a party at school.用括號(hào)內(nèi)的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（1分13=13分）1. Yesterday _(be) _ (three) of December.2. A: Where _ you just now? (be)B: I _ in the teachers office.3. Look!Liu Tao _(sing) in the classroom. But just now he_ (run) in the playground.4. Liu Tao _ (water) the flowers every morning, but he_( not water)theflowersyesterday morning.5.Uncle Wang_(come)into the room and_(find)something to eat yesterday.6. What _（do）Jim usually do at weekends?7. My mother wanted _ (plant)some flowers in her garden.8.The girl is watching a _(fun) cartoon now.五、根據(jù)上下問(wèn)內(nèi)容將對(duì)話補(bǔ)全。(1分10=10分)It _ the National Day holiday last week. Today _ the first day _ the holiday. Helen meets Nancy _ the school playground.She is _ Nancy something about her holiday: she _ a farm _ her family.She _ a lot of eggs and _ cows. She _ a good time there.六、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。（0.5分20=10分）1.Myshoes arenext to the door. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))yourshoes ?2. Jacks eyes areblue. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_ Jcks eyes?3. Id likea cartoonas my birthday present.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))What _ you _ as _ birthday present?4. She gave me a nice present last night.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句,并作否定回答)_ she _ me a nice present last night?No,she _.5. There were some ducks on the farm.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定回答）_ ducks on the farm?Yes, there_6. Li Hong did her homework yesterday afternoon. (改為否定句)Li Hong _ her homework yesterday afternoon.7. I get up early in the morning.(用this morning改寫(xiě)下列句子)I _ up early this morning.8. Iknow a lot about public signs.(改為否定句)I_ a lot about public signs .9. study , for , cleaned , the ,father , his , Ben (.) (連詞成句)_七、根據(jù)情景寫(xiě)句子(0.5分20=10分)1、昨天你干了什么？我去了一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。你還做了什么？我摘了一些桔子并品嘗了它們。What _ you_ yesterday?I_ to a _.What _ _youdo?I _some oranges and _ them.2、你想問(wèn)你的同學(xué)，你的耳機(jī)剛才是否在他課桌旁邊，你會(huì)說(shuō)：my _ next todesk aago？3、上周末他們?cè)跔I(yíng)地踢足球了。Last_, they_the_.4、9月10日是教師節(jié)。Teachers Dayis _ofSeptember.答案一.1. lived2.stopped3.cleaned studied4.did do5.played二.1. finished2.brought3.bought4.walked5.moved6. Did, have7. gave8.stopped, caught9.carried10.came found.11.studied;left12.did; went;cooked13.went;was14.did;get三.1.Did; clean; Yes sh did/No she didnt2.didnt do3.Did drive4.When; did ;teach them.5.How did go6.didnt do7.Did find any8.How long did stay9.Was any“教書(shū)先生”恐怕是市井百姓最為熟悉的一種稱(chēng)呼，從最初的門(mén)館、私塾到晚清的學(xué)堂，“教書(shū)先生”那一行當(dāng)怎么說(shuō)也算是讓國(guó)人景仰甚或敬畏的一種社會(huì)職業(yè)。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教書(shū)，最初出現(xiàn)的“先生”一詞也并非有傳授知識(shí)那般的含義。孟子中的“先生何為出此言也？”；論語(yǔ)中的“有酒食，先生饌”；國(guó)策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”為父兄或有學(xué)問(wèn)、有德行的長(zhǎng)輩。其實(shí)國(guó)策中本身就有“先生長(zhǎng)者，有德之稱(chēng)”的說(shuō)法?？梢?jiàn)“先生”之原意非真正的“教師”之意，倒是與當(dāng)今“先生”的稱(chēng)呼更接近?？磥?lái)，“先生”之本源含義在于禮貌和尊稱(chēng)，并非具學(xué)問(wèn)者的專(zhuān)稱(chēng)。稱(chēng)“老師”為“先生”的記載，首見(jiàn)于禮記?曲禮，有“從于先生，不越禮而與人言”，其中之“先生”意為“年長(zhǎng)、資深之傳授知識(shí)者”，與教師、老師之意基本一致。四.1.C2.B3.C4.C5.A6.A7.B8.B9.A10.B11.C12.C13.A14.A15.A五.1.Did you go to the city yesterday?語(yǔ)文課本中的文章都是精選的比較優(yōu)秀的文章,還有不少名家名篇。如果有選擇循序漸進(jìn)地讓學(xué)生背誦一些優(yōu)秀篇目、精彩段落,對(duì)提高學(xué)生的水平會(huì)大有裨益。現(xiàn)在,不少語(yǔ)文教師在分析課文時(shí),把文章解體的支離破碎,總在文章的技巧方面下功夫。結(jié)果教師費(fèi)勁,學(xué)生頭疼。分析完之后,學(xué)生收效甚微,沒(méi)過(guò)幾天便忘的一干二凈。造成這種事倍功半的尷尬局面的關(guān)鍵就是對(duì)文章讀的不熟。常言道“書(shū)讀百遍,其義自見(jiàn)”,如果有目的、有計(jì)劃地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生反復(fù)閱讀課文,或細(xì)讀、默讀、跳讀,或聽(tīng)讀、范讀、輪讀、分角色朗讀,學(xué)生便可以在讀中自然領(lǐng)悟文章的思想內(nèi)容和寫(xiě)作技巧,可以在讀中自然加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感,增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的感受力。久而久之,這種思想內(nèi)容、寫(xiě)作技巧和語(yǔ)感就會(huì)自然滲透到學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言意識(shí)之中,就會(huì)在寫(xiě)作中自覺(jué)不自覺(jué)地加以運(yùn)用、創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展。2.What did he eat in the evening?3.I went there by taxi.4.She walked back to the school.5. Was it rainy yesterday?