Period 3Grammar 2; Function; Everyday English整體設(shè)計教材分析This period contains three parts, that is, Grammar 2, Function and Everyday English. Grammar 2 deals with adverbs and adverbial phrases. Through the study of this part, students should learn to use them. To deepen their understanding of this grammar, some exercises may be offered. Function & Everyday English aims to help students use the grammar items and the expressions learnt in this module. Teachers may first give students some examples and then make them have a conversation with their partners using the expressions they have learned. 三維目標1. 知識與技能1)Make students learn about adverbs and adverbial phrases.2)Make sure students know how to use some expressions to describe frequency.2. 過程與方法1)Motivate students enthusiasm in taking part in the class.2)Individual work and pair work to make individuals finish the tasks.3. 情感與價值Through learning this period, students should know how to use the adverbs and adverbial phrases, learn some words and expressions about TV and radio programmes and learn some everyday English in conversations. 教學重點1. Learn adverbs and adverbial phrases.2. Learn some words and expressions about TV and radio programmes.3. Talk about TV programmes. 教學難點1. Use the adverbs and adverbial phrases properly.2. Get the meanings of the words through definitions.3. How to talk about TV programmes. 教學過程Step 1 Revision1. Greet the whole class as usual.2. Check up their homework. Step 2 Grammar 2: Adverbs and adverbial phrases1. Read the sentences and answer the questions.Show the following on the screen. Make sure they understand everything and then let the students answer the questions individually.A We always watch telly in the morning as we eat our breakfast in the kitchen.B I watch films all the time at the weekend.C I saw a brilliant one yesterday.D Everyone in it acts so brilliantly.Questions: 1 Is brilliant an adjective (describing a noun)or an adverb (telling you about a verb)? 2 / 112 How do you make adverbs from adjectives? Can you make an adverb from the word quick? 3 Can you find words and phrases that answers these questions: When? Where? How? Suggested answers: 1 adjective describing “one” (pronoun for “film”) 2 You frequently add -ly to the end of the adjective, e. g. quickly. 3 When? : as we eat our breakfast; in the morning; all the time; at the weekend; yesterdayWhere? : in the kitchenHow? : brilliantly2. Do Activity 2 in the textbook on page 56.Suggested answers:1 how? (happily)where? (in his bedroom)when? (every evening)2 how? (carefully)when? (yesterday)3 how? (quietly)where? (at the bus stop)when? (each day)3. Tell students some rules of adverbsorder in the sentences.Give students some example sentences and have them understand the location of adverbs.1)I hardly ever heard him singing.2)You must always keep this in mind.3)He was born in Beijing in the year 1980.4)He doesnt quite agree with you.5)She does everything carefully.Through analyzing sentences, the students can review the proper position of the adverbs in the sentences and can do better when making sentences.4. Do the exercises in activity 3. Put the words in the sentences below in the correct order.Let students answer the questions individually and collect the answers in class.Suggested answers:1)I spent a lot of money at the supermarket yesterday.2)The man walked quickly down the street.3)You played well yesterday.4)The students have worked hard today.5)Think carefully before you talk to her.6)The boys were talking loudly in the corridor yesterday.7)They drove to the airport early in the morning. Step 3 Function: Talking about how often you do things1. BrainstormingAsk students to speak out the most TV or radio programmes theyve ever know.The Easter TimesEconomics 30 MinutesEnglish News ServiceTV TheatreCCTV NewsAnimal WorldAcross the CountryMusic Hot LineForeign Light MusicTV & Film SongsSound of Music2. Activity 1: Match the types of TV and radio programmes with the definitions.Show the following on the screen.chat showcomedy programmequiz showsoap (opera)sports programmethe newsTV/radio dramaA a programme in which famous people talk about themselves and their workB a programme in which people have to answer questions correctlyC a programme that tells you about recent eventsD an interesting and exciting story with actors playing different parts, written for TV or radioE a programme about the ordinary lives of the same group of people that is shown once or twice a weekSuggested answers:A chat showB quiz showC the newsD TV/radio showE soap opera3. Activity 2: Use the adverbs and adverbial phrases to say how often you can watch the different types of programmes in activity 1. Please pay attention to the correct position of adverbs.The adverbs and adverbial phrases of frequency: seldomrarelyoccasionallyevery now and thenoftensometimesonce a weekevery day(four)times a weekfrom time to timeevery two daystwice a monthSuggested examples: I rarely watch soap operas.I watch the news about four times a week.I see films once a month. . . Step 4 Everyday EnglishComplete the sentences using these expressions.Read through the expressions in the box while the students listen and follow.Read them again and have students repeat them after teachers chorally and individually.Check the stress in absolutely.Ask them to complete the sentences individually, then check their answers with a partner.Collect the answers from the whole class as complete sentences.a short space of timeabsolutelygood for youthe boxthe thing iswhats on1 I only watch _ on Sundays.2 He finished it in _.3 A: _ TV this evening? B: Theres a really good drama.4 A: I won!B: _!5 Theres something I need to tell you, sir. _ , I havent done my homework.6 A: Do you enjoy watching movies? B: _!Suggested answers:1 the box2 a short space of time3 Whats on4 Good for you 5 The thing is6 AbsolutelyStep 5 Summary and HomeworkTeachers summarie what has been learned in this period. This period students mainly learned the adverbs and adverbial phrases. Through the study of this period, they are sure to gain the gist of this grammar. Besides, they have learned more about TV and radio programmes and practice use the grammar items learned in this module. At the end of this period, some homework is assigned.Homework: 1. Memorize the new words.2. Do exercise on the workbook. 板書設(shè)計Module 6Films and TV ProgrammesPeriod 3The adverbs and adverbial phrases of frequency: seldomrarelyoccasionallyevery now and thenoftensometimesonce a weekevery day(four)times a weekfrom time to timeevery two daystwice a month活動與探究When learn the second language, it is also important to compare the second language to the mother language. 備課資料About the Word Order1. 了解語序的重要性任何一種語言的句子成分都是按照該語言的使用習慣去排列的，否則就會造成語意或語法錯誤，或至少不地道。The art and literature of the ancient Greece fascinated the tourists和The tourists were fascinated by the art and literature of the ancient Greece這兩個句子在語意和語法上都沒有問題，但感覺第二個句子比第一個句子更自然，之所以如此，就在于第二句在語序的排列上更加合理。按照習慣，語序是相對固定的，但因表達的需要又有靈活性，語序排列要受到意圖、語意中心、強調(diào)重點、語言環(huán)境和修辭效果等多種因素的制約和影響。了解和掌握英語語序的特點可以提高我們駕馭語言的能力，對實現(xiàn)雙語等值交換，提高語言教學水平具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。2. 英語語序英語在其長期演變、發(fā)展中已經(jīng)形成相對固定的語序，基本特征就是“主謂”結(jié)構(gòu)。交際中傳遞的信息片段通常由已知信息(Given Information)和新信息(New Information)組成，信息的出發(fā)點通常由主語表示，新信息是傳遞的重點，通常由謂語來表示。英語語序主要分為兩類: 即無標記語序(unmarked word order)和有標記語序(marked word order)。無標記語序就是我們常見的自然語序或稱基本語序(normal order)，有標記語序則“違反常規(guī)”，在無標記語序基礎(chǔ)之上轉(zhuǎn)換而來。轉(zhuǎn)換的主要方式有: 前置(Fronting)和后置(Postponement)。3. 英語語序分類語法上通常將英語語序分成兩類: 無標記語序和有標記語序。英語當中大量存在的是無標記語序，也就是我們常說的自然語序或基本語序。例如: I dislike such people and behavior. 而如果句子語序變?yōu)? Such people and behavior I dislike. 語法上就認為是有標記的。在此主要講一下無標記語序。無標記語序英語句子中的各種成分，位置都是相對固定的，一般不能任意變化。它的語法主語就是無標記主題，英語五種基本句型中的成分就相對固定。S+V: The sun is shining.S+V+C: He was very anxious.S+V+O: She will never forgive me!S+V+o+O: The guide showed the tourists the sights of London.S+V+O+C: Most students found her helpful.注意雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的安排: 帶介詞的間接賓語通常放置于直接賓語之后，但直接賓語字數(shù)較多，結(jié)構(gòu)復雜時，帶介詞的間接賓語要提前，句子重心才平衡。例如: The guide described the tourists Londons scenic spots.The guide described Londons scenic spots to the tourists.The Prime Minister explained to the House the various why the peace talks had failed.狀語的位置狀語是英語句子中很活躍并且也是很復雜的一個成分，任何起副詞作用的單詞、詞組或分句都是狀語，可以出現(xiàn)在句中的多個位置。語法上一般把狀語分成三大類: 修飾性狀語、評注性狀語和連接性狀語。最為常見和最為重要的是修飾性狀語。修飾性狀語主要用來修飾謂語或謂語動詞。修飾性狀語按其內(nèi)容可分為時間、地點、方式、目的、程度、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等狀語。英語句子的語序一般是: 主語+謂語+賓語+修飾性狀語，一般不在謂語動詞和賓語之間插進狀語。可以說: I met your parents yesterday. 或 Yesterday I met your parents. 但不可以說: I met yesterday your parents.(1)修飾性狀語在句子的位置一般來說是在句末，但根據(jù)表達的需要也可在句首或句中。例如: They checked their equipment carefully. (adverbial of manner)A security guard was standing at the cash point machine. (place adverbial)The Battle of the Boyne took place in 1690. (time adverbial)焦點副詞(focusing adverb)都置于句中。例如: I was particularly impressed by her dancing and singing.Bob only watched English premiership on Sundays.(2)修飾性狀語置于句首或放在主語之前時，一般有強調(diào)作用。在敘事文體中，狀語置于句首更能引起讀者的注意。例如: At ten oclock yesterday I went down for my dinner with Jack.Before his mother, Tom is always a good boy.For many top financial executives, even those at companies such as GE, which continues to top polls of the most respected corporations in the world, the problem is that the market is inflicting the punishment before any crime has been uncovered. That is heaping even more pressure on the finance function.程度副詞作狀語時，一般置于句首。例如: I greatly enjoyed working with such energetic guys.（* Greatly I enjoyed working with such energetic guys. ）(3)修飾性狀語可以置于主語和主要動詞之間，也具有一定的強調(diào)作用，但程度不如置于句首強烈。單個副詞置于主語和主要動詞之間是很常見的。例如: I often go swimming and hunting in the summer.The captain kindly invited us onto the bridge.常置于主要動詞之前的修飾性狀語有: A. 絕大多數(shù)不定頻度副詞: always, usually, seldom, continuously, ever, repeatedly, sometimes, normally, never, often, constantly, frequently, regularly, rarely, continually等。確定頻度副詞一般不這樣使用，往往置于句末。例如: New York Times is delivered daily.B. 某些不定時間副詞: again, first, since, finally, just, already, recently, last等。確定時間副詞不放在句中，一般置于句首或句末。例如: The day after tomorrow we are leaving for Beijing.（* We are tomorrow leaving for Beijing. ）C. 某些程度副詞，特別是起強調(diào)作用的程度副詞: almost, altogether, absolutely, badly, completely, deeply, entirely, fairly等。D. 前置修飾動詞的焦點副詞(焦點副詞指出所講內(nèi)容中最有關(guān)聯(lián)的事項，如做某事的主要理由或某事物具有的主要特質(zhì)): even, merely, only, simply, just, really, particularly等。(4)兩個或兩個以上不同性質(zhì)的狀語連續(xù)使用時A. 通常的排列順序為: 方式狀語地點狀語時間狀語。例如: The plane took off noisily (manner)into the dark sky (place)just before dawn (time)以上順序并不是固定不變的，受數(shù)量、長度以及強調(diào)重點等因素的影響，會有變化。一般避免把字數(shù)較多的狀語排列在字數(shù)較少的狀語之前。為使結(jié)構(gòu)平衡、節(jié)奏流暢或上下文的銜接自然，常將時間狀語或地點狀語等移至句首。例如: Commuters stream out of the station every morning like an army of ants on the move.A group of tramps settled last week on the wasteland by the shoe factory.This morning a woman was walking quickly behind me on her way to work.The whole morning he was working on his speech in the office.B. 有方式副詞又有down, out, home 等方向副詞時，方向副詞先于方式副詞。例如: He walked home quickly last night.Tom reached down slowly.C. 時間狀語一般位于方向狀語、方式狀語、位置狀語之后，但頻度狀語在句子中可有兩個位置: She eats lunch quickly every day at noon.She eats quickly lunch at noon every day.D. 原因狀語和目的狀語傾向于出現(xiàn)在其他狀語之后: She eats lunch quickly every day because she likes to go back to the office and read.She eats lunch quickly every day in order to have some time to read.E. 當原因狀語和目的狀語同在一個句子出現(xiàn)時，目的狀語往往位于原因狀語之前。Jane went to San Diego in order to visit her uncle because she had not seem him for a long time.(5)方式狀語、方向狀語和位置狀語的順序: a. 方向狀語常位于方式狀語之前; b. 方式狀語和位置狀語兩者可以相互移位; c. 方向狀語常位于位置狀語之前。(6)時間狀語和頻度狀語: a. 時間狀語和頻度狀語往往位于方向、方式和位置狀語的后面; b. 時間狀語和頻度狀語兩者可以相互移位。(7)目的狀語和原因狀語: a. 目的狀語和原因狀語常常位于其他狀語的后面; b. 目的狀語位于原因狀語之前。句末狀語的順序有時會發(fā)生種種變化，但并非可以任意改變。下面的語序就不能接受: Jane walked this morning to the shopping center.Mary fixes dinner ever day quickly.Henry goes jogging in order to stay fit in the morning.在一定的語境中，上述原則有可能被打破。例如: A. 較短的狀語往往處于較長的狀語之前: June arrived at 10 oclock with usual flair. （時間狀語在方式狀語之前）B. 狀語是說話人所要傳達的信息中心（常伴有特殊的停頓和語調(diào)）: We left the party, because it was boring, well before midnight. （原因狀語在時間狀語之前）(8)兩個或兩個同類型狀語在同一句當中出現(xiàn)時，意思最具體的往往放前，意思最籠統(tǒng)的放后。例如: Josh was born at 2 a. m. on November 10th in 1971.He lives at 120 Big Landon Road, Mt. Puritans, Pennsylvania, USA. 希望對大家有所幫助，多謝您的瀏覽！