第二節(jié)時態(tài)的應(yīng)用,青海中考重難點(diǎn)突破【滿分點(diǎn)撥】一、時態(tài)的判斷根據(jù)青海近5年真題分析可以看出，初中階段需掌握六種基本時態(tài)。學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握動詞時態(tài)的判斷技巧來解題，如根據(jù)時間狀語確定時態(tài)；利用上下文語意判斷句子的時態(tài)；根據(jù)上下文已有的時態(tài)信息確定時態(tài)；在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時態(tài)；固定句型與動詞時態(tài)間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)特定動詞與時態(tài)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)時態(tài)中的“特殊”對策(如客觀真理等)。【方法突破】1根據(jù)時間狀語確定時態(tài)根據(jù)時間狀語判斷時態(tài)在青海中考中主要體現(xiàn)在單項選擇和短文填詞題型中。now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；just now，ago，in 1980，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to，last night/week/month /year(last系列)等標(biāo)志著一般過去時；at 1：00 last night，at that moment，this time yesterday等標(biāo)志著過去進(jìn)行時；tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next week/month/year(next系列)等標(biāo)志著一般將來時；yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years等標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)在完成時；除了上面這些時間狀語提示時態(tài)外，某些副詞也有這種作用，如：often，always，usually，never，seldom等表示頻率的副詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。2利用上下文語意判斷句子的時態(tài)如果一個英語句子中既沒有出現(xiàn)時間狀語，也沒有可供判斷時態(tài)的上下文，那么就應(yīng)當(dāng)把這個句子翻譯成中文，利用我們的母語知識來判斷這個句子該用何種時態(tài)。3根據(jù)上下文已有的時態(tài)信息確定時態(tài)有些試題雖然看起來沒有時間狀語提示詞，也不是出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句中，但是上下句的動作存在著明顯的時間順序差距，因此可根據(jù)上下文已有的時態(tài)來判斷本句所要選用的時態(tài)。4在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時態(tài)主從復(fù)合句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的一致主要有以下幾種情況：“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。如果主句是一般將來時，從句是由when，after，before，notuntil，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句以及由if，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。5固定句型與動詞時態(tài)間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系在英語中，不少句型與一些動詞在時態(tài)的運(yùn)用方面都存在著特定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，如：在“祈使句and/or陳述句”句型中，陳述句中用will表示一般將來時。6根據(jù)特定動詞與時態(tài)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系在英語里有些動詞與時態(tài)有著特定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，如see(看見)，hear(聽見)，find(找到)等詞的用法與上下文的時態(tài)有對應(yīng)的提示作用，如see sb.do/doing sth.，hear sb.do/doing sth。7根據(jù)時態(tài)中的“特”對策(如客觀真理等)當(dāng)賓語從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、格言或現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣行為時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)不受主句謂語動詞時態(tài)的限制，要用一般現(xiàn)在時。二、常見易混時態(tài)辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的易混辨析一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)長期性、穩(wěn)定性；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時是指現(xiàn)在此刻或現(xiàn)在這一時期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時性，不穩(wěn)定性。如：He usually gets up at six in the morning.(經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作)She is an English woman.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))We are working on the farm these days.(現(xiàn)在這期間的動作，表示這幾天暫時在農(nóng)場上幫忙)Look！The boys are fighting.(現(xiàn)在此刻所發(fā)生的動作)注意：不宜用進(jìn)行時態(tài)的動詞，表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞，如：love，like，hate，care，know，understand，forget，remember，believe，want，agree，wish，mean等；表示存在的動詞，如：be，lie(位于)等；表示一瞬間就發(fā)生的動作，如：get，buy，end，receive等。如：I like English very much.(表示情感)我非常喜歡英語。Mexico lies to the south of Texas.(表示存在)墨西哥位于得克薩斯州的南邊。2一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的易混辨析兩者都表示過去發(fā)生的事情。但一般過去時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情本身，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況。如：I opened the door just now.我剛才打開了門。(指剛才做了“開門”的動作，但現(xiàn)在門是否開著，并未說明。)I have opened the door.我已經(jīng)把門打開了。(門現(xiàn)在還開著)3一般過去時和過去進(jìn)行時的易混辨析一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生過，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作結(jié)束了，側(cè)重于事實(shí)。而過去進(jìn)行時表示動作在過去某時間內(nèi)進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性和未完成性。如：I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信寫完了，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí))I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定寫完，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)4表示“將來時態(tài)”幾種形式的易混辨析在初中階段，我們學(xué)了will/shall動詞原形，be going to動詞原形，be doing以及一般現(xiàn)在時等四種形式表達(dá)將來時。will/shall表示單純的將來(即現(xiàn)在之后)。如：He will be back in a few days.(單純將來)他幾天之后回來。注意：在含有if的條件狀語從句中，主句要用will表示將來時。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go climbing.如果明天不下雨，我們就去爬山。be going to動詞原形，多用于口語，強(qiáng)調(diào)事先的“打算；計劃”要做的事情或有某種跡象要發(fā)生的事情。如：What are you going to do this evening？你今晚準(zhǔn)備做什么？(打算)Look！There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain，I think.看，天空烏云密布。我覺得是要下雨了。(有跡象要發(fā)生的事情)be doing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示即將發(fā)生的將來，多與表示位移的動詞come，go，arrive，leave，fly，start等連用。如：She is leaving for Beijing.她就要啟程去北京。一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時，主要用于時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中或者用來表示按時刻表的規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。如：Ill tell him about it as soon as I see him.一見到他我就會告訴他這件事。My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上11點(diǎn)起飛?！究键c(diǎn)搶測】( B )1.(2016連云港中考)Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?Yes，they _ a plan and did it.Awere working outBworked outCare working out Dhave worked out( D )2.(2016河北中考)Just go down this road and you _ the library next to the bank.Asee BsawChave seen Dwill see( C )3.(2016哈爾濱中考)Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now?Certainly.In the principals office.They _ happily at that time.Aare talking Bhave talkedCwere talking( C )4.(2016上海中考)This medicine _ millions of peoples lives since it was put into use.Ais saving Bwill saveChas saved Dhad saved( B )5.(2016天津中考)What a nice watch！How long _ you _ it?For just two weeks.Awill；buy Bhave；hadCwere；having Ddid；buy( C )6.(2016重慶中考)I _ the History Museum twice.Ive learned a lot there.Avisit Bam visitingChave visited Dwill visit( B )7.(2016河北中考)Our team _ another point！I am sure well win the game.Awill get Bhas gotCis getting Dwas getting( B )8.(2016濟(jì)南中考)I think our teacher，Mrs.Allen，knows everything.I agree.Because she _ over 2 000 books.Aread Bhas readCreads Dis reading( C )9.His brother is a teacher.He_math at a school.AtaughtBhas taughtCteaches ( C )10.I hope Tim can come to my birthday party.Then we_a much happier time.AhaveBhadCwill have( C )11.I dont have time to discuss the plan.I _to an interview.Ago Bwent Cam going( B )12.(2016青海中考模擬)Hello，mom.Are you still on Lushan Mountain?Oh，no.We are back home.We_a really good journey.Ahave Bhad Care having( C )13.I dont remember when and where I_this umbrella.Abuy Bhave boughtCbought( C )14.Have you had your breakfast yet?Yes.Mom_it for me.Awas cooking Bis cookingCcooked( C )15.Why does Tony look unhappy?Because he_the chance to take part in the English contest.Amisses Bwas missingCmissed( C )16.(2015永州中考)Can you answer the door，Jim？I_the dishes.Ado BdidCam doing( C )17.I saw Mr.Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.Thats impossible.He_an English party with us then.Ahas BhadCwas having( B )18.The students_the Art Festival when I passed by their school.AcelebrateBwere celebratingCwill celebrate( B )19.Jenny_in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.Ais cookingBwas cookingCcooks( B )20.Sanya is a beautiful city.I_there twice.Ahave goneBhave beenChave gone to( C )21.I began watching here an hour ago，but now nothing_yet.AhappensBwill happenChas happened5