2021國家開放大學(xué)電大?？朴⒄Z閱讀(3)期末試題及答案(試卷號：2157)Purl |Questions I 10 arc based on Passage I. (30 points« 3 points each)Paswige I Searching for Utopia! While most of the world scernM to be motivated by more money, better televisions niorr powerful cnrst the high<*5i-tech computers bigger houses> there nre some independent soiih who are tired of Hthe rnt raceH that is, rhe stressful pressures of working hard to grt ahead. Siner around 199O there haM been a slow hut nicady ri*c in intrntional communities hi the U. S> An intcfiTtonn) cornmunny 15 a group of propJc who have chosen to live together with a camnton purposn Although quite diverge in j>hilasophy and lifestyles each of these groups places a high priority on n iense of community> in other words# the feeling of belonging and mutual supports There were 300 inteiitional communities listed in the 1990 editiun of the Intrtitionnl Communities Directoryi by 1995. this had grown to 600, nnd 11 is estimated th” there 4re now several thousand< listed and unlisted, in operatiotu These communities vary in size, but in the 600 listed communities in 1995< total population including children was estlnuiied at 24.000.2 At first glance, thr tntcntionnl cummunify movement appears quite diverse It is muhi gcneraiional. i. c- with ftgts ranging from children to seniors- They may choose to live together on a piece of rural hnd. in a suburban cent re < or tn an urban neighbourhao<L In same catnmunHirs# individujils own their own land and bouses in at her* > thrsr things arc shared There 15 a widr variety of rhoiers regarding standard of living some embrace voluntary 5impilicity while others hnvc lull wcccss to the products and services ol today * s society Even the purposes vary widely, For example comniuntties have been formed to create great family neighbourhoods to live tcologiciilly sustainable lifeslyleht or simply to live with others who share their valuer. Some are ecuhr while others are eommitted to a common religious belief.3 What unites iht intentional community movement is its members' proud rejection of mmnsTream consumer values Nearly all communnies encourage sharing items members ilonff need to own pnvntrly for rxamph*t washing machines# truckle ?<wnnTningpools. Many uufnmunitie Rervr a<i model environmental or teaching eenur5 for nuMainablr agricuhure For exdtnp!e< *Th<* Fnrrnn< a large cooperative community in rural lennvssct- does not reject competitive business practices but rat her > commits 10 a vision of cnvironmcntnlly (nendly business. Members of "The Farm0 work in scvrnil uniall senk inrlustncs including solar electroriicst solar car reuarcht ond a publishing cornpany lor alternative books-4 An rMAmpk ol an intentional community cumniiitrd to volunrary >impl>ci:y i> Vashon (>» Housing Community* 1t» members choose to hvr in mll unpaintrd wood<hin«lrd with re<bn Unrle MaHinw deaded to love New York in 19H9 nd inuve hit family to ibe Vashon Ca HouNinn，He ,nd his Ismdy live on lutle nionc# don * I own cnmputrf < «nd forbid anything with the Ditiwy label on iu Rathet than (Uaying My»t an the enmputer the Umily pefxi» tketr evenint pbjrtnt old- (hioned card gnmr«« e ，“山n< ReMdent* Hvr in »cpara!r dwrllmg.M but hnme« «re conned rd h，din roedu* theft are 13 acre* of communal land* all midmts altend iMtnonthly mc«tir»K»t and cvwry month lherr i» work (Mirty in which rvtrybody patchcc in with oatdexir chores5 These cnmmunitiet are the newest expresamn of ibe 300-yearold American drmrr tobuild noft-hirmrrhtrjilt or niunL community with values uncorruptcd by thr Urtfer Bocirfy. It was this drxrr to form nrw< ideal community which brought the Pilffimw lo ihe U. S tn I hr early 17th century. 300 yr«r» htef it u >tillto Gnd mmmumty thulhaw xhwwd perfectiun> Thr problem* wc »ec (Hit there* in the mum”了m <»ecdt dmhohr«tx< rg<Mnm> comp«<H>on> facttotwiltsna bIJ marMfe lo find thrir way tnio AltemaUve cxdtures texx However# intenitonal ctitnmunitics have a tntich lower Cfimc rate tfuin lheir mamfttrrAm nrrghbourwe and rlmm a more eating and MU»(yin« IHr>tyle> Th<y arc committrd to nkalf <4 ecology coopcr»tton> and cwn though they my ohen Uil to reach tbcnc ickah perfectly. Their tiinpun vtjwon provwks challrnice to the peer and purpoM- ol modern Amcrion onrfy.Rod Pmuicc I and find Ibe drCInltlmit foe eacb o< Ibe followia< ta tbc pinMigc. Write y*mr mwrr no >nar answrr dwd.L lhe rsPrxvi 2. an intrtifMMial commumkyt 3. ensc at community 4. midti-gcncranonsl： x wThe Form' Kcad PnsMigc I again and find which the undcrliritd word(») in each of the following sentences refer la6. by 1995t th# had grown to 60G< and it 15 euxirnaied that there are now several thousand (paragraph 1 >7. in others* these ihingy arc hrtred* (pnragrnph 2)6 壁 members choose to he in <»mall unpainted wood houses-* (paragraph 1)9. Hr and lu5 family live on Intk money. (paragraph 4J10. hey arc committed to ideas of ecology# cooperntion. and family- (paragraph 5) Part flQuestions 11 20 hit based on Passage 2. (30 pointst 3 points each)Passage 2t he Most innovative City1 "I? Prnhlcfnt n» puvrrtyt crttnct public cciucBtlutit and pollution mntml phgue the tnnjoniy of the worldf b cities. Each erne, it teem., m Htrunglin* to avoid urban diMMMtcr. Kut( uritiha# Braiih a city of 16 million people> 偉 <1皿小也 with thrv prohkrn I hiw little known city in southeast Brazil being rrcounjxvd g the piner thnt hmfn many of the wnrldS urowing urban problems.2 ( 12)rhrough ihm pruKrnm« more than 70% u( itn trnh g recycledcomparrd with thr 25% in lx)e AnRchd Christono Pinhcirut。neven yrarntd hoy nhow* howdnnr. Al the *tnrt of the school year> Pinheiro traded B poundw of rrrydublr gArbngr (ir n pneket ol new notebooks Eoch week, he <ind hi two older bruthcr* cxchnnRe trAnh (nr krh fruit oj 2 pounds of protein rich bcan»* The program helps the poor. In 1995. the city rxrhAfigcd ncnrjy 2 millioti poundu of fuodt 318 >000 Eftatcr and 26 ()00 Chrimmm ch ken or rrryclablc trnnlv Hundreds of quilt» (or the nredy were muffed with cninhrd «!yrufnnm< ( hrtetinno wuei one of 25<000 poor children who received thewr n叩plf (13)3 (I Old worn oui cqmpmrnt w/is (re<ucntly bnnn rrpbimi with newtrchnohiKy nnd rt|iii|)mcni. l.ikr rwry other city, (tide y< l UMiblr小 wt rt hriii«dumprd nround the eny nl Cunnba> Thin «ave tnKihrrrn nn<i nrchn<rt> wn <>j)purtunity to wnrk tngethrr 1o umv thr materidh crrativrly. Old wnoden Icltjphunc polx. nrr now reUM：d in officr iHiildlTiMftt hridura and pubhr %iutirc Rfitml Bikcm hnvc liWimc nuibile cln4rc>orn« (or mluh rducatton. MVirtujilly rvcrylhing haw more than one w." wud Mayor Kalftel (arxu. whoe iiiry o(Gcr overlooking a (Mirk it made ol old polcn and gl心iu "h、n rnAttrr 浦 figiinng out how to rruAC (InnRS nnd thrn itttchifiw jxoplc hnw fn da H."I (15) Thr loienf uddnion* arc I hr I ighthouMCh af I earning hbscil <»n the great hghthounc and libr«ry in Alrxnndn®> Egypt one nl the Mncirnt world f gwn wonder*. Thr Hr*i IlghthtiiKc wjir huilf z nn exprriment in 1995 to ikfcrrninc cxtictly who wuuld I19 und the effect it would h;ivr on the surrounding nrighliorhood. Within mix monthsi uf being uprned. it wkb clenr thnt H waw popuhin S<x>n ahcr< a ll«hihou>r wu> binh tn each of the citynriKhborho(Mh.5 (16) uOne of the liKhthousrf* 康 ihrrr blocks Irorn rny hnn)r< I g il far aI) tny chnol pro/ei:th>H Mid l>eucirui CohU< a hi«h tchunl *rnlnr who <topw in every coiipk n| wcckiu "So du my Kbycarnld brother md 12-ycnr-nl<l *iMcr. Mum lel> ihrfn cnrnr hern line it 7伯 M Nowt the Iwhlhcjuse hnvr becunie the focnl point oi ncighborluM)db ；md huvr cm enmr hHe Thry each co9t about $ 】80.000.( 17) 6 (18)llnhkr other cities where governnicnt buildings nrr locuird m flu ofteni»ohted« high rrni aren« government offices in ( uritiba nrc accefible to everyone on what i» known aw fiiurn Sirors rhcuc Citixen Street* arc colorful covered avenue* ul govcrnnirnt oil ires ii nd .hop. where reMirlrnt* cun pny utility bilh. «rt r mnrriagc hcrriHCf haw a H/jinut . buy grorerim or lllr a police rr|x)rte And InMrad <4 *onitt« the ci<y into totntrirrci»L inktitulion/tl nnd letnurc fncilitir tnuat ciiies do> ("uritibn plAnncrn huvr mrrgtd tlunn aII together w that people am their time efketively ai nnnifnuni rest. The I Hiycn Strcci* lutve 600-»rAt open thnitcni« rports nrrn»t nnd clnhroamB ihftt offer prufcMsiorud twining lur s | course. In amt recent computer ckw Mana Penlu. 2M-ye»r old teacher. .h rnrollvd tncAuwe aihe prux nghi. With my inc<>m«. thu it the only rouw to advancrinrnt. *7 ( |9)Short cour»e> on how to make beltrf uk vl the rnimnmmt zudored (or homemaker*. cx>ntrartr/t> and mrrch.nl. Ti drtvem have to take euruc ioRnt an operaiotr s Ijcctimc. By the rn<l of 1993. 34 environmentally friendly dAycnre centers were up and running. Children get b chfincc to interacts nnd Irarn nboui their environment. The Activities include making masks of animalsr Escing extinction from mziazinc pgc#»- They are then sold in a stnnR of souvenir shops< with profits helping to pny Inr the facilities In small gardens out hack, the kids grow vcgruhlrs for their Mtuick*.8 "Wf're trying lu create a whole new mjI of nititudrs nnd a senae of involvcmrni in thin City," Greca said. (20)Skim Passnge 2 and then choose fnim the following list an 呻prnpriaU rnlcnrc tn fill in each of the blanks In the passageA. Envircinmcntfll effort* were only a mall part of the plan for Curilibn.H M，fu the people of Curitiba, this city :s tht best human invention there 皿"C <?Gntinual TniKr/)t(on and hick of city phinmng hhs created tin unfriendly rtivironmcnt (or muny citie% in the world today.V). Household garbage was not rhe only rcuson to begin a recycle programE. wlt fs cheaper to build libraries than prisons.0 snid(；recuF. Thr brightly coloured lighthouses have (X)0 volume libraries pn the first floor rrAtltng rcKims on the second and a Knard in a light tower that fransmits 11 Mrong beiirn to provide community <et:urity.(；. Likii most other overcrowded and poor cities in thr world, ("uritiha had n serious g»rl>egc problem until it introduced iz Mgarbugc that is notprograni.H. In 1991 Cunuba built the Free (Jnivcrsily lot rhe Ervironnxcnt frnrn old Telephone polea.L Cuntiba im now known as The worldf rccyclm« cnpiTaLJ> Curitiba is also taking ROvernnicni to the people.Pari JRead Pajisaqr 3 and decide whether thr following statements are true or raise. Write r for true und F for fuise on your answer sheet. (20 points t 2 points cuch)3I bc English (fhumeterI rhe Englisht as a mej have (hr reputation of being very difkrrnt form aII otherBMtionflliuo« including thrir closest neighbors the French Belgians and 【hitch. It ts clainied that living on nn island eparnted from the rce a( Europe has much to da with it. Whnfevcr the reasons it may be fairly srnted that the Englishman h也、developed many nnitudrh and hftbiis which disTinguish him from other nationalities-2 Broadly gpmking. the Englishman » h quiet< hy reserved person who K fully relaxed only umunu people hv knows writ When he encounters strangers or foruigncm he often 5<>ems unttHSy> even embnrTiissrd. You hove only tn witness n commuter train ony morning or evening to srr thr truth of this. Serious-looking businewmen and women sit reading thc?ir newspapers or dos)ng in u corneri no one spenkIn act < to do so would *eem most unuuaL An English wit. pretending to be Hiving advice to overscan vi«itur». onre 5uggcxtcd« °<)n rntrring a railway comportment shake handb with all the pa>senger H Needless tD say. he was not being erioiiK 1'hvre i> an unwritten but dtiarly undertixid code a( hehnviuur» which, if broken makes the person imnicdiately the object of suspicion-3 If i、.1 wrJI known (act thnt thr EnKlibh have an obsession with their weather und thjit. given hnlf £ chance they will talk fl bout it length. Some people nrgur that it is because English weather defies forecast and henctr is n source of inieresi to eveonc. This nuy bt so. Ortninly Englishmen rjtnnoi have much fnith in the nirteoroloical experts - tht wcathrrmcn who. after pramismg glorious> sunny wraihcr for lhe following day. arc often proved wrong when an anti-cyclonc over the Atlantic brings rainy wenthrr to all districts! The nun in the street seem> to bt as accurftteor as inaccurate*as the weathermen in his predirtiiin Tlu5 helps n> explain tiic seemingly odd ight of <)ri Englishmnn leaving home on bright > mutiny >umn)rr morning with a raincool nlung over his arm and an umbrella in hin hand So variable is thr wrathcr thm by lunchtime there could be thunder and lightning.1 The overscan visitors rnay hr rxcuMrd for showing surprise at the number of refercnceu to weather that the English make io eitch other in thr course of a single day. Vrery often conventioniil greetings are replaced by comments on thr weAther. MNice dny，isnft 11 Beautiful!1* may well be heard instead of HGood morning, how are you?M Although the foreiMntr nmy consider this exaggerntud and comic> It i? worthwhile pointing out that it could br ti5td to his advnnUige. If hr want!* to Mart a conversation with an Englishman (or woman) but is n: s h* to know where to begin* he could do well to mention the sure of the wenthrr. It i« -uifc subject which will encourage even the most reserved of Englishmen to enter into a discussion5 In many pnrth of rhr world it i> quhe normal to show frank exirctnc* of cnrhuu>nit motinn. w c?y . often Arc(ini|Minird by appropriAtr uesturen. The Englishmnn 廳 5orru wh>it diflrrrnt.()l tuurwc> ah Englishman (erU no Irm deeply th>n tiny other ruitionnhiy. but h< tends tr dUphy h2 krhng* far les%. Th" i< rrilrctrd in hi* u>r of 懦叫u咔C Imagine mun commenting on the great bcnuty of a young girl WhcrcA> . runn pt n murtr emotninnl nature mi«ht dencnbe hrr 仆 七 prkc)M> irwclHt “diuir咪“ “r wprecioiHHt the En«linhtnun will FUtiy，姑撲 *unu iheS all An EnftH4imnn who hax Mcrn a highly ugzhil nod tnjoynble him rrcoinmrndB it to o Iricnd by commentingt wltS tint bad> you knuwa M Or on wmg a hrcnrhuikinx bindscnpr hr might >bow l)|» pjrnnurr by nying：- NikL y rry nicv. " I hr uvrr?«rM viMtor mint not b< (lisnppointrd by thia opparent lock M intrniHt and ln*-oKrnicnt i he must rrnhxr rhnt Hnll nKhtH> b«df nnd atnicr orc very often uwl 45 uprrlotivCM wjth the sense M 卻偵戒". excellent"* HbcnutifulH< Thinoil u>r? f»f b»nmiwgv> particularly common in English is known nn uridrrRt/ifrTnrnt. Qiii-ntlon 2 l-.V line ba*cd <»(i3.：'l h in hvliin un ah inland stpHfnteHl (rt»m thr rcsil of Huropr rhnt rnak內(nèi) rhe Enghiihmnn very different from all other natUxmlinciu1 rflvclling tn rorntnufrr trairiH ihf Enxli'h people like tti fisni nrw?ipaprr to rebx<?3. Acconliriu to nn unwrittrn rule nf brhnviowr people tio not hhnkn hAtidn with r«ch nt In r hi railway cnrnpurtnicnt*.In Efinbiml il a person d，心Uilk about the weather hr immrditvly 收 the object of unpimoru25> Eii|；li<liinen do not have faith in weather lorecaAttng bccauM* thr weather in E加md often chanur by hour. In ErmLiiul the wenthrv Kpecmlt precliclton tn often a. InACCunHc 05 thr laymanS.2 The* ovcrwriH、戚 lor、may be rxcutcd if they tloct like to tftlk a bom the urjtilwr.2& h 原 HurprirnnK io ovctJ*vnt visitorn thui the Engtiah may tnlk to each other a bout wvfher ninny !in>rn in n m/r rhy.hi Enghrid d you Icrl « niburrcd when encotintcnrjH -ifrahger* the iicxt thiriK to do I* to mvnlion thr Sfntc u( thr wcnthcr.3() I hr undrrRtntcmrnf tn the EhwIhIi Ih“x“ib只r »how* thnf the Enhh lock deep feelingsPart hKrnd Puugr I and ansurr the following quentiunK Muke yuur unsucn* on hori und dear c (WHsihlc. (20 point* t points cmIi )Pus%Mgr I(hriMmiK1 December 25 in cclrbrnted the birthdny ol ChH*i> No one im cenmn why thia day wam choRen> It wun probobly bccnuwct according io the cnlrndar thrn in iwc> I)ect-niber 25 wo thr time ol the yenr when winter dnya he«in to grow longer in the Northern Hemisphere. The >un worshipper* ha<l cclrbrated rhij- dny a» the premier of spring-2 Over rhe yrarnt h rmuiber ol upecifll customs ；K>ocuted with (liriKtmHFi hnvr grown up» Muny ol these hftve been introduced from Europr> while other* haw their nrigm in Ameneftr3 ChrtKirnn mumc is loved by all who hear and ning It every yean Christma> *ongs> belh« «nd merry niu»ir havr hern n pan of Chrifttnifla (or erntuhe% I he Christ man tree is the Hynil>ol of the spirit ol ChriAtnus in niAny homo, free* were not u»rd in English honirn until a (irrmati prince nidrned Queen Victoria. The prince h<id the firt decurn ted Christ mA< tree Met up «t Wmdwx Casth in l&ll.Thr FifM Chrijitnini trre in ibt Nrw World were introduced by llrMUtn iboldicrM in 1776. dunnK thr Rcw>hil»<>nnry War. Lntcr (H-rmun immigraniH bronchi ihr trudition lino wider unr tn thr United Stntra.4 Thr cu<if(nn i>( drconiting n cuninumny tree (or nutdoar illwplfty began in the r«rly lUOUS «nd i» a Invountr cuntam all over /Xmencn today. Siner 19331 R()ckrlrllrt hi New York Chy. h.» put up n ginnt frrrf beAUlilully decorfttrd with light*. I hr Uec» " nlxiut 30 metres toll5 Somr fnmi!ie<« (ipeti thch prment nn ChriiUmm Kvci uthern wait lot ihr nrxt rnnminR. Swmr Koyn* nrid tfirln1 prrRrnt> nrr pherd in RtiHking* on<i hung /it lhe foot of ihrit bed*i othrrn find thrir gdtM under the ChriMtnins tree.6 (>rrrtinK cnrd» hi KfitclAnd. One ol the firm Mrlintn Io dcNiKn «nd deewf n Christtnis 頃d in 1813 wo John C« Hondry. The curds were printed in bhok and white ond colortMl hy hnn(L About I »000 of them were Mold m London ihii yr*ar. Al nhaui the Mme nine, inothrt Ewhuh artrl« Willmni Egley dfiKnrd a i nrd nnd h«d n printed. Kr mfI nhi"with the now familiar mrsMifte *A Merry Christmah gd b Happy New Yean "7 A German immiArAin l-outw Prangt dcMignctl a ml wld cokircd (Jirimrnnn uinh in l«74 In I than ID yenrw hlw uhop w.bb turning aul 5t000t000 c«r<in n yenr.8 Today greeting curd* hzq bvconic n big indmtry und billions <> cordti Nrc W M (Er wlwH rvery( hriwiniAm Whnlrvrr lunKinixr fhi Hrrrtmgn nrr wriniin ifu ihc rwr H <h< rue n With fur prnrr nn<l 也Iw山 ntnong nil peopleQuoUuhh 3135 arc ha%cd on I'我mhirt L31. Where -irr tno-ct of ihr (ehri»tmnR rtiRtotiiM (rum9Frnm whrn wrrr trren uned at Chrlnttnnn time in Engh.h humrs?33> Since when h” Rorkrfdhr Pig. irj New York City, put up giant ChrhimMA trrr3.Where cun boys ond itirh unuiilly find their ChrtMinuM 叩 “e，M. Who wnh ihr Hrui nrtist (u dtsiign itrui ftctul a ChriMniAA and；試題答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(僅供參考)Part 1 (30 points t 3 points each)L the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead2. n group of people who have chosen to live together with a common purpose3. the feeling of belonging and mutual -tnpportL with ageti ranging from children to seniors5. a large cooperative community in rural Tennessee6. intentionnl cominunincs7. land and house8. Vashon Co Housing Community's9. Uncle Martin10. intrntionnl communitiesPort U (30 points, 3 pointn each)11. C12. G13. 114. DIS. A16. F17>E18. J19. H20. RPart QI (20 points, 2 points each)21. F22. T23. T24. F25. E26. F27. F28. T29. T30. FPart V (20 pointse I points each)3L From Europe und America.32. From I hr tinic when a Grrmnn princ e rnnrrird Quern Victoria.33. 19333 L In stockings hung at rhe foot of their beds or under the Christmas tree.35. John C H()rslcy>