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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 過去分詞(短語)作狀語 一、概述 過去分詞(短語)作狀語，修飾謂語動詞，進(jìn)一步說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況，在意義上相當(dāng)于狀語從句，可以跟狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換，表示時(shí)間、讓步、結(jié)果、方式等。其邏輯主語為句子的主語，兩者之間為動賓關(guān)系。 二、用法 1．時(shí)間狀語 過去分詞(短語)作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，可以在其前加上 when, while, until 等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確；該狀語可置于句首、句尾或主語與謂語之間。從時(shí)間意義上看，該動作常表示先于謂語動作發(fā)生，也可與謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)

2、生。 Told that his mother was seriously ill, Li Ping hurried home quickly.(先于謂語動作發(fā)生) 得知媽媽病得很嚴(yán)重，李平迅速趕回家。 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. ＝ When (it is) seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 從山頂上看，城市顯得更美麗。(與謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生) 1 ① (安徽高考改編)Founded (found)

3、 in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. ② (天津高考改編)Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ③(四川高考改編)Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. ④ (陜西

4、高考改編) Seen (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 2．原因狀語 過去分詞(短語)作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句，多位于句首，偶爾也出現(xiàn)在句尾或句中。 Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. 孩子們被英雄事跡所感動，情不自禁地哭了起來。 Lost in thought, he almost knocked into a tree. 由于陷入了沉思，他差點(diǎn)撞到樹上。

5、 The child well brought up by his parents behaves very well. 由于受到父母很好的教育，這個(gè)孩子舉止規(guī)矩有禮。 2 ①(天津高考改編) Clearly and thoughtfully written(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ②(北京高考改編)Bitten (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless

6、we chained our dog. 3．條件狀語 過去分詞(短語)作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，可以在其前加上 if, unless, once 等，多位于句首，該狀語可能是對過去被動動作的假設(shè)，也可能沒有具體的時(shí)間性，表示一種客觀情況。 Given more time, we could do it better. ＝ If (we were) given more time, we could do it better. 多給我們點(diǎn)時(shí)間的話，我們會做得更好。(對過去被動動作的假設(shè)) Heated, water will turn into steam. ＝ If

7、 (it is) heated, water will turn into steam. 如果受熱，水會變成水蒸氣。 3 ①(北京高考改編)Used (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks. ②(江西高考改編)Given (give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. 4．讓步狀語 過去分詞(短語)作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，有時(shí)可用在 although

8、, though, even if, even though, whether ...or 等連詞后。多位于句首，偶爾也出現(xiàn)在句尾。 Beaten by the opposite team, they didnt lose heart and encouraged each other. ＝ Though (they were) beaten by the opposite team, they didnt lose heart and encouraged each other. 雖然被對方打敗了，但是他們沒有灰心喪氣，而是相互鼓勵。 Wounded, the brave soldie

9、rs continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins. ＝ Though (they were) wounded, the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins. 雖然受傷了，但是勇敢的戰(zhàn)士們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)作戰(zhàn)，尋找被困在廢墟中的人們。 5．方式或伴隨狀語 作方式或伴隨狀語的過去分詞(短語)，相當(dāng)于由 and 引導(dǎo)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。該狀語可置于句首、句尾或句中。 The president entered the hall

10、, accompanied by a group of leaders. ＝ The president entered the hall, and he was accompanied by a group of leaders. 總統(tǒng)由一群領(lǐng)導(dǎo)陪著進(jìn)了大廳。 Supported by a girl, the old man got off the bus. ＝ The old man was supported by a girl, and he got off the bus. 在一位姑娘的攙扶下，老人下了公共汽車。 三、過去分詞(短語)作狀語應(yīng)注意的問題 1．作狀語的過

11、去分詞(短語)其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞(短語)動作的承受者，即過去分詞(短語)表示的動作與主語之間是動賓關(guān)系。 Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. (give 和 I 之間是動賓關(guān)系) 再給我一小時(shí)，我也能解出這道題。 2．值得注意的是，有些過去分詞(短語)因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)被動而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞(短語)常見的有：lost (迷路)，seated (坐)，hidden (躲)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿著)，tired

12、 of (厭煩)。 Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。 3．過去分詞(短語)常跟 when, while, after, if, unless, although/though, as if 等連詞一起用，修飾謂語動詞。 Metals expand when heated. 金屬加熱后會膨脹。 4 ①(湖南高考改編)Children, when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. ②

13、(江西高考改編)If asked (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. ③(安徽高考改編)When asked (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. ④(全國卷改編)Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared (compare) to such a

14、rt forms as music and painting. 四、過去分詞(短語)與現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語的區(qū)別 過去分詞(短語)與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即表示被動；現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動。 Asked why he was late, he cried. 被問到為什么遲到時(shí)，他哭了。 Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there. 我朝窗外望去，看見幾個(gè)學(xué)生正在那邊玩耍。 [助記]　分詞作狀語記憶口訣 分詞作狀語，主語是問題。 逗號前后兩動

15、作，共用一主語。 主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。 主動用 ing, 被動用 ed， having done 表先后，千萬要牢記。 Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Devoted (devote) to his work, the professor cares little about any other things. 2．Dressed (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 3．Worn (wear) out after a long walk, Kate called and

16、 said she couldnt come to the party. 4．Freed (free) of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted away. 5．Once considered (consider) a difficult and even dangerous place, Vietnam is now a friendly destination that welcomes visitors from all over the world. 6．Though told (tell) to stop,

17、 the two girls kept on talking at the meeting. 7．Once lost (lose), such a chance might never come again. 8．Written (write) carelessly, your composition is full of mistakes. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．由于天天被打掃，這個(gè)辦公室看上去很整潔。 Cleaned_every_day,_the office looks very tidy. 2．參觀了幾次之后，這座城市給他留下了深刻印象。 Visited_several_ti

18、mes,_the city has impressed him much. 3．多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我就能按時(shí)完成工作。 Given_more_time,_I can finish the work on time. 4．受到他的話的鼓勵，這個(gè)學(xué)生更加勤奮地學(xué)習(xí)。 Inspired_by_his_words,_the student works harder. 5．由于這首美妙音樂的吸引，大街上的所有人都停了下來。 Attracted_by_the_beautiful_music,_all people on the street stopped. 6．遇上了大雨，他不得不等到雨停。

19、 Caught_in_heavy_rain,_he had to wait until it stopped. 7．一旦看見就不會忘記。 Once_seen,_it will not be forgotten. 8．給予更多的關(guān)注，這棵樹會長得更好。 Given_more_attention,_the tree can grow better. 9．加熱的時(shí)候，冰會變成水。 When_heated,_ice will change into water. 10．盡管被警告了危險(xiǎn)，但是他仍然不怎么在意。 Warned_of_the_danger,_he still paid l

20、ittle attention. 想象性作文 昨天，你們班召開了有關(guān)“未來生活的變化”的主題班會。請根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇英語短文，介紹討論的情況。 1．多數(shù)同學(xué)認(rèn)為，未來的交通和通信更加便利，人們可以在家里工作和學(xué)習(xí)，機(jī)器人將會被廣泛地應(yīng)用于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，而且很多當(dāng)前無法治愈的疾病到了將來都能治愈。 2．也有同學(xué)認(rèn)為，隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們的生活水平將會逐漸提高，但是地球的環(huán)境問題也會日益嚴(yán)重，比如污染、氣候變暖等。在他們看來，地球?qū)⒉贿m合人類居住，人們得找到一個(gè)適合人類居住的星球才能繼續(xù)生存。 ①Yesterday our class held a discussion ab

21、out changes in the future life. ②Most students think that in the future the transportation and communication are sure to become more convenient. ③It will come true that people work or study at home.④ They also hold the opinion that robots will be widely applied to many fields. ⑤Moreover, scientists

22、 will find solutions to many diseases which are incurable at present. ⑥However, some other students hold the opposite view. ⑦As far as they are concerned, although peoples living standards are to be improved with the development of the world economy, environmental problems, such as pollution and gl

23、obal warming, will increasingly become worse. ⑧Therefore, man will have to find another planet to live on, considering that the earth will be unfit for human habitation. 第一段開門見山地點(diǎn)明寫作主題。 第二段和第三段分別從正、反兩方面詳細(xì)描述了未來生活的變化。 亮點(diǎn)一：準(zhǔn)確使用多種復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，如②句中的賓語從句；③句中的 it 作形式主語， that 引導(dǎo)主語從句；④句中同位語從句；⑤句中的定語從句等。另外⑦句中的

24、還運(yùn)用了讓步狀語從句；⑧句中運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，復(fù)雜多變的句式結(jié)構(gòu)使得短文整體層次提高。 亮點(diǎn)二：巧妙運(yùn)用了各種連接成分，如 moreover, however, therefore 等，使文章要點(diǎn)間銜接自然流暢，極富邏輯性。 想象性作文(imaginative writing) 要求學(xué)生在頭腦中創(chuàng)造出從未接觸過的，甚至根本不存在的新的形象。它是作者超越時(shí)間、空間或者生活常規(guī)限制的種種奇思異想的記錄。想象性寫作允許自由想象、自主發(fā)揮的空間較大，因此需要靈活的思維能力和豐富的想象能力。要寫好此類文章，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．首先要確定寫作主題。確定主題，明確寫作中心，是寫好文章的前

25、提，想象性寫作也不例外。因?yàn)橄胂箅m然可以海闊天空，但總要圍繞一個(gè)中心進(jìn)行，這個(gè)中心就是主題。 2．想象美好，立意深刻。想象性作文必須有一個(gè)“美好”的中心思想。如果只是瞎編一個(gè)熱鬧離奇的故事，就失去了想象的意義。 3．構(gòu)思要巧妙，想象要合理。構(gòu)思和想象是寫好此類文章的關(guān)鍵，既要合乎邏輯，又要匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)，或啟迪思維，或引人入勝。 4．列出寫作提綱，合理安排順序。通過合理想象列出寫作素材，然后篩選確定；而后再根據(jù)寫作對象的特點(diǎn)合理安排順序。 5．前后一致，自圓其說。不管允許想象的空間有多大，都要做到符合邏輯，順理成章，這一點(diǎn)對于寫好此類文章尤其重要。 1．開頭常用句式： (1)Some

26、times I dream about life in the future. (2)I imagine life in the future from time to time. (3)I am curious about future life. 2．表達(dá)預(yù)測時(shí)常用句式： (1)Maybe in the future we can ... (2)There is a possibility that human beings will ... (3)We will be living ... in the future. 3．結(jié)尾常用句式： (1)I believe the

27、 dream will come true some day. (2)In my opinion, the dream will become a reality one day. 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們的生活發(fā)生了很大的變化，請根據(jù)下列提示，以 “Life in the future” 為題，寫一篇100詞左右的短文。 提示：1.穿著的變化； 2．食物的變化； 3．住房的變化； 4．交通工具的變化…… Life in the future __________________________________________________________________

28、______ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Life in the future With the development of science and technology, peoples life has changed greatly. What will life be like in the futur

29、e? In the future, we will wear a kind of special clothes, which can change the colour as we like. It doesnt need washing every day. In the future, there are more and more kinds of food we can choose. They will be much more delicious and healthier than now. Besides, every home will have a robot to

30、do housework. In the future, all of us will live in beautiful houses. It can move anywhere. When we want to change the place we live, it will take us quickly without any trouble. In the future, we will have a small but useful plane, which is environmentally friendly to go to school or work. Life in the future will be much better than now.