履帶式液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)底盤的設(shè)計(jì)
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履帶式液壓底盤的設(shè)計(jì)
摘要：履帶式底盤的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和性能決定了它在農(nóng)田耕作業(yè)中具有明顯的優(yōu)勢，履帶式底盤的接地比壓相對較低。不會對翻耕過的土壤造成多次反復(fù)的碾壓，而輪式底盤在整地和耙地作業(yè)時(shí)輪胎在翻耕過的土壤上反復(fù)碾壓，造成對土壤的多次壓實(shí)，不利于播種后種子的生長發(fā)育。因此，研究履帶底盤的性能具有極其重要的意義。
本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的課題為履帶式液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)底盤的設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)了一種后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)行走底盤，底盤采用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力匹配，底盤的液壓系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一泵驅(qū)動(dòng)兩馬達(dá)差速行走，使其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、操作靈活、安全可靠，能適應(yīng)外負(fù)荷的劇烈變化，整機(jī)的性能得到了提高，能滿足各種工況下的使用要求。在已知功率的情況下，整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)參考農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的基本參數(shù)，選取了液壓馬達(dá)、液壓泵等液壓件。履帶的結(jié)構(gòu)同樣參考了履帶拖拉機(jī)的基本參數(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)了履帶的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸，使整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)得到了優(yōu)化。
經(jīng)過比較試驗(yàn)，本設(shè)計(jì)得到以下結(jié)論：
（1）底盤的液壓系可實(shí)現(xiàn)一泵兩馬達(dá)差速行走，增加了底盤的自適應(yīng)能力。
（2）本設(shè)計(jì)的底盤的質(zhì)量為2.5t，與目前大部分底盤相比，達(dá)到了輕體的設(shè)計(jì)要求。
（3）液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)無級變速，同時(shí)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)制動(dòng)和高低速轉(zhuǎn)換，即：工作時(shí)低速行駛，轉(zhuǎn)場是高速行駛。靈活方便，易于操縱。
關(guān)鍵詞：履帶 液壓系統(tǒng) 底盤
The design of hydraulic crawler chassis
Abstract
Crawler chassis structure determines its characteristics and performance in the fields farming industry has a clear advantage. Crawler chassis ground pressure is relatively low. Tilling the soil will not cause too many repeated rolling. The wheeled chassis in the preparation and harrow tillage operations tires rolling over the soil again, Soil compaction caused by repeated is not conducive to the growth and development after sowing seeds, Therefore, the study tracked the performance of the chassis is extremely important.
The subject of this graduation project is tracked hydraulically driven chassis .Design a rear wheel drive, the chassis walk chassis engine and hydraulic transmission system to realize dynamic matching .The hydraulic system realizes the chassis a pump driven two motor differential walk, make its compact structure, flexible operation, safe, reliable, and can adapt to the drastic change of load, the machine performance can satisfy the various working conditions of use requirement. In the case of a known power, the design references the basic parameters of agricultural machines, select a hydraulic motor, hydraulic pump, etc. The structure of the reference the same track basic parameters of the crawler tractor, design the structure and size of crawler, make whole design are optimized.
After more testing, this design get the following conclusions:
Chassis system can achieve a hydraulic pump motor differential walking two, to increase the adaptive capacity of the chassis.
The?design of the?chassis?mass of?2.5t, Compared with the current most of the chassis, Reached a?lightweight?design requirements
Variable speed?hydraulic?drive system?to achieve, At the same time to achieve high-speed braking and convert, Namely: working at low speed, transitions is high speed. Flexible, easy to manipulate’
Key words Crawler Hydraulic system Chassis
目 錄
1 引言 - 1 -
1.1 國內(nèi)履帶式液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)底盤的現(xiàn)狀 - 1 -
1.2國內(nèi)履帶式液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)底盤的發(fā)展趨勢 - 3 -
1.3主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容與關(guān)鍵技術(shù) - 3 -
2 技術(shù)任務(wù)書（JR） - 4 -
2.1總體設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) - 4 -
2.1.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求 - 4 -
2.1.2設(shè)計(jì)原則 - 4 -
2.2 產(chǎn)品的用途及使用范圍 - 5 -
2.3 產(chǎn)品的主要技術(shù)要求與主要技術(shù)參數(shù) - 5 -
2.3.1 主要技術(shù)要求 - 5 -
2.3.2 主要技術(shù)參數(shù) - 5 -
2.4 考慮到的若干方案的比較 - 5 -
3 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書（SS） - 6 -
3.1 結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析與確定 - 6 -
3.1.1 履帶式與輪式底盤的比較 - 6 -
3.1.2 結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定 - 7 -
3.2 履帶式行走底盤總體的設(shè)計(jì) - 7 -
3.2.1 結(jié)構(gòu)組成及其工作原理 - 7 -
3.3 履帶行走裝置計(jì)算 - 7 -
3.3.1 液壓馬達(dá)的選取 - 7 -
3.3.2 液壓泵的選取 - 8 -
3.3.3驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的選取 - 9 -
3.3.4驅(qū)動(dòng)輪和導(dǎo)向輪的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算 - 10 -
4 使用說明書（SM） - 15 -
4.1 結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 - 15 -
4.2 主要技術(shù)參數(shù) - 16 -
4.3使用注意事項(xiàng) - 16 -
5 技術(shù)條件（JT） - 16 -
5.1 檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則 - 17 -
5.1.1檢驗(yàn)的劃分 - 17 -
5.1.2出廠檢驗(yàn) - 17 -
5.1.3型式檢驗(yàn) - 17 -
6 結(jié)論 - 18 -
參考文獻(xiàn) - 19 -
致謝 - 20 -
世界最新機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)理念
來源:中國科技期刊
摘要:根據(jù)目前國內(nèi)外設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)者進(jìn)行機(jī)械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的主要思維特點(diǎn)，將產(chǎn)品方案的設(shè)計(jì)方法概括為系統(tǒng)化、結(jié)構(gòu)模塊化、基于產(chǎn)品特征知識和智能。這幾種方法的特點(diǎn)及其相互間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系，提出產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的努力方向。
關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)械產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)方法發(fā)展趨勢
設(shè)計(jì)文件是將語義設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)作為設(shè)計(jì)工具，在其開發(fā)的活性語義設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)ASK中，采用結(jié)點(diǎn)和線條組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)描述設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)點(diǎn)表示元件化的單元(如設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)、功能、構(gòu)件或加工設(shè)備等)，線條用以調(diào)整和定義結(jié)點(diǎn)間不同的語義關(guān)系，由此為設(shè)計(jì)過程中的所有活動(dòng)和結(jié)果預(yù)先建立模型，使早期設(shè)計(jì)要求的定義到每一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的具體描述均可由關(guān)系間的定義表達(dá)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)過程由抽象到具體的飛躍。
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)方法
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)方法的主要特點(diǎn)是：將設(shè)計(jì)看成由若干個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)要素組成的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，每個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)要素具有獨(dú)立性，各個(gè)要素間存在著有機(jī)的聯(lián)系，并具有層次性，所有的設(shè)計(jì)要素結(jié)合后，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)所需完成的任務(wù)。
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)思想于70年代由德國學(xué)者Pahl和Beitz教授提出，他們以系統(tǒng)理論為基礎(chǔ)，制訂了設(shè)計(jì)的一般模式，倡導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)工作應(yīng)具備條理性。德國工程師協(xié)會在這一設(shè)計(jì)思想的基礎(chǔ)上，制訂出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)VDI2221技術(shù)系統(tǒng)和產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)方法。
1. 將用戶需求作為產(chǎn)品功能特征構(gòu)思、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和零件設(shè)計(jì)、工藝規(guī)劃、作業(yè)控制等的基礎(chǔ)，從產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的宏觀過程出發(fā)，利用質(zhì)量功能布置方法，系統(tǒng)地將用戶需求信息合理而有效地轉(zhuǎn)換為產(chǎn)品開發(fā)各階段的技術(shù)目標(biāo)和作業(yè)控制規(guī)程的方法。
2. 將產(chǎn)品看作有機(jī)體層次上的生命系統(tǒng)，并借助于生命系統(tǒng)理論，把產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)過程劃分成功能需求層次、實(shí)現(xiàn)功能要求的概念層次和產(chǎn)品的具體設(shè)計(jì)層次。同時(shí)采用了生命系統(tǒng)圖符抽象地表達(dá)產(chǎn)品的功能要求，形成產(chǎn)品功能系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. 將機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的應(yīng)用歸納為兩個(gè)基本問題：一是把要設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品作為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)處理，最佳地確定其組成部分（單元）及其相互關(guān)系；二是將產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過程看成一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)，正確、合理地確定設(shè)計(jì)中各個(gè)方面的工作和各個(gè)不同的設(shè)計(jì)階段。
由于每個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)者研究問題的角度以及考慮問題的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，進(jìn)行方案設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)采用的具體研究方法亦存在差異。下面介紹一些具有代表性的系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)方法。
4. 設(shè)計(jì)元素法
用五個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)元素（功能、效應(yīng)、效應(yīng)載體、形狀元素和表面參數(shù)）描述“產(chǎn)品解”，認(rèn)為一個(gè)產(chǎn)品的五個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)元素值確定之后，產(chǎn)品的所有特征和特征值即已確定。我國亦有設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)者采用了類似方法描述產(chǎn)品的原理解。
5. 圖形建模法
研制的“設(shè)計(jì)分析和引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)”KALEIT，用層次清楚的圖形描述出產(chǎn)品的功能結(jié)構(gòu)及其相關(guān)的抽象信息，實(shí)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、功能關(guān)系的圖形化建模，以及功能層之間的聯(lián)接。
將設(shè)計(jì)劃分成輔助方法和信息交換兩個(gè)方面，利用Nijssen信息分析方法可以采用圖形符號、具有內(nèi)容豐富的語義模型結(jié)構(gòu)、可以描述集成條件、可以劃分約束類型、可以實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系間的任意結(jié)合等特點(diǎn)，將設(shè)計(jì)方法解與信息技術(shù)進(jìn)行集成，實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)過程中不同抽象層間信息關(guān)系的圖形化建模。
6. “構(gòu)思”—“設(shè)計(jì)”法
將產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)分成“構(gòu)思”和“設(shè)計(jì)”兩個(gè)階段。“構(gòu)思”階段的任務(wù)是尋求、選擇和組合滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)要求的原理解?！霸O(shè)計(jì)”階段的工作則是具體實(shí)現(xiàn)構(gòu)思階段的原理解。
將方案的“構(gòu)思”具體描述為：根據(jù)合適的功能結(jié)構(gòu)，尋求滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)要求的原理解。即功能結(jié)構(gòu)中的分功能由“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”實(shí)現(xiàn)，并將“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”間的物理聯(lián)接定義為“功能載體”，“功能載體”和“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”間的相互作用又形成了功能示意圖(機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)簡圖)。方案的“設(shè)計(jì)”是根據(jù)功能示意圖，先定性地描述所有的“功能載體”和“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”，再定量地描述所有“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”和聯(lián)接件(“功能載體”)的形狀及位置，得到結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。Roper，H.利用圖論理論，借助于由他定義的“總設(shè)計(jì)單元(GE)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)元素(KE)”、“功能結(jié)構(gòu)元素(FKE)”、“聯(lián)接結(jié)構(gòu)元素(VKE)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)零件(KT)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)元素零件(KET)”等概念，以及描述結(jié)構(gòu)元素尺寸、位置和傳動(dòng)參數(shù)間相互關(guān)系的若干種簡圖，把設(shè)計(jì)專家憑直覺設(shè)計(jì)的方法做了形式化的描述，形成了有效地應(yīng)用現(xiàn)有知識的方法，并將其應(yīng)用于“構(gòu)思”和“設(shè)計(jì)”階段。
7. 鍵合圖法
將組成系統(tǒng)元件的功能分成產(chǎn)生能量、消耗能量、轉(zhuǎn)變能量形式、傳遞能量等各種類型，并借用鍵合圖表達(dá)元件的功能解，希望將基于功能的模型與鍵合圖結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)功能結(jié)構(gòu)的自動(dòng)生成和功能結(jié)構(gòu)與鍵合圖之間的自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換，尋求由鍵合圖產(chǎn)生多個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)方案的方法。
提倡在產(chǎn)品功能分析的基礎(chǔ)上，將產(chǎn)品分解成具有某種功能的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)模塊化的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，通過選擇和組合這些模塊化基本結(jié)構(gòu)組建成不同的產(chǎn)品。這些基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以是零件、部件，甚至是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)。
本結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的接口(聯(lián)接和配合部)，并且是系列化、通用化、集成化、層次化、靈便化、經(jīng)濟(jì)化，具有互換性、相容性和相關(guān)性。我國結(jié)合軟件構(gòu)件技術(shù)和CAD技術(shù)，將變形設(shè)計(jì)與組合設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合，根據(jù)分級模塊化原理，將加工中心機(jī)床由大到小分為產(chǎn)品級、部件級、組件級和元件級，并利用專家知識和CAD技術(shù)將它們組合成不同品種、不同規(guī)格的功能模塊，再由這些功能模塊組合成不同的加工中心總體方案。
以設(shè)計(jì)為目錄作為選擇變異機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的工具，提出將設(shè)計(jì)的解元素進(jìn)行完整的、結(jié)構(gòu)化的編排，形成解集設(shè)計(jì)目錄。并在解集設(shè)計(jì)目錄中列出評論每一個(gè)解的附加信息，非常有利于設(shè)計(jì)工程師選擇解元素。
網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展，異地協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)與制造，以及從用戶對產(chǎn)品的功能需求→設(shè)計(jì)→加工→裝配→成品這一并行工程的實(shí)現(xiàn)成為可能。但是，達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)的重要前提條件之一，就是實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)效果的三維可視化。為此，不僅三維圖形軟件、智能化設(shè)計(jì)軟件愈來愈多地應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)中，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)以及多媒體、超媒體工具也在產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)中初露鋒芒。目前，德國等發(fā)達(dá)國家正著力于研究超媒體技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)STEP，以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)造型語言上基于虛擬環(huán)境的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)交換格式)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用。
機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)正朝著計(jì)算機(jī)輔助實(shí)現(xiàn)、智能化設(shè)計(jì)和滿足異地協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)制造需求的方向邁進(jìn)，由于產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)方法的研究起步較晚，目前還沒有成熟的、能夠達(dá)到上述目標(biāo)的方案設(shè)計(jì)工具軟件。作者認(rèn)為，綜合運(yùn)用文中四種類型設(shè)計(jì)方法是達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)有效途徑。雖然這些方法的綜合運(yùn)用涉及的領(lǐng)域較多，不僅與機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的領(lǐng)域知識有關(guān)，而且還涉及到系統(tǒng)工程理論、人工智能理論、計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件工程、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)等各方面的領(lǐng)域知識，但仍然是產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)必須努力的方向。國外在這方面的研究已初見成效，我國設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)者也已意識到CAD技術(shù)與國際交流合作的重要性，及其應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的措施。
基于產(chǎn)品特征知識設(shè)計(jì)方法的主要特點(diǎn)是：用計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識別的語言描述產(chǎn)品的特征及其設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业闹R和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，建立相應(yīng)的知識庫及推理機(jī)，再利用已存儲的領(lǐng)域知識和建立的推理機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)。
機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì)主要是依據(jù)產(chǎn)品所具有的特征，以及設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业闹R和經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行推量和決策，完成機(jī)構(gòu)的型、數(shù)綜合。欲實(shí)現(xiàn)這一階段的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)，必須研究知識的自動(dòng)獲取、表達(dá)、集成、協(xié)調(diào)、管理和使用。為此，國內(nèi)外設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)者針對機(jī)械系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì)知識的自動(dòng)化處理做了大量的研究工作，采用的方法可歸納為下述幾種。
The worlds Latest Mechanical Design Conceptssource：China Science and Technology JournalAbstract:According to scholars at home and abroad to carry out mechanicaldesign product design features of the main ideas, product design method of theprogramsummarizedassystematic,modularstructure,basedonproductcharacteristics of knowledge and wisdom. The characteristics of these methods andtheir organic connection between them and put forward to achieve the computerproduct design direction.Key words: Mechanical Product Design MethodDevelopment Trends Design documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool inthe design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes andlines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such asdesign tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust thelines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the designprocess all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of theearly design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be definedby the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process,the leap from the abstract to the concrete.Asystematic design methodThe main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by anumber of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, eachelement of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the designelements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.Systematic design idea in the 70s by the German scholar Professor Pahl andBeitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design,advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on thebasis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems andproduct development design methods.1.The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structuredesign and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro fromthe product development process of starting the use of quality function deploymentmethod and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently convertedto the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational controlprocedures method.2.The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means ofliving systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successfulhierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level andproduct level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used toexpress the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structureformation of product features.3.The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basicquestions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way todetermine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations1; is the productdesign process as a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonablydetermine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.Because each designers point of research questions and to consider the questionof emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here aresome representative of the systematic design methods.4.Design Element MethodWith the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements,and surface parameters) describe the product solutions that a product to determinethe value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristicsof the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methodsdesigned to describe the products original understanding.5.Graphic modeling methodAnd developed a design analysis and guidance systems KALEIT, with thelevel of clear graphic description of a products functional structure and its associatedabstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphicalmodeling, and functional connection between the layers 2.Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology andexchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be usedgraphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integrationconditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relationsbetween any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integrationand information technology to realize the design process of information betweendifferent abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6.Concept - Design methodProducts design is divided into concept and design in two stages. Conceptphase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the originalunderstanding of design tasks. Design stage of work is a concrete realization of theoriginal understanding of the conceptual stage.Of the programs idea of specific described as: In accordance with theappropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of theoriginal understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function isperformed by the structural elements to achieve, and structural elements of thephysical connection between the definition of a feature vector, feature vector andstructural elements further the interaction between the formation of the functionaldiagram ( mechanical diagram). The program design is based on functional diagram,the first qualitative description of all of the feature vector and structural elements,and then quantitatively describe all the structural elements and the connection parts( feature vectors), the shape and location to be structure diagram3. Roper, H. usinggraph theory, by means of which he defines as the total design unit (GE), structuralelements (KE), functional structural elements (FKE), connect structural elements(VKE), Structural Parts (KT), structure element part (KET) concepts, as well asdescribe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of theinteractions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive designprofessionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of aneffective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to ideas anddesign stage.7.Bond Graph MethodFunction of the composition of system components will be divided into produceenergy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energytransfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping tofunction-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure theautomatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automaticconversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of designmethods.To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has somefeatures broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection andcombination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products.These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operationdepartment),andisserialized,universal,integrated,hierarchical,agile,economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. Chinascombination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant designcombined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification,will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level,component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledgeand CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specificationsof functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into differentmodules of the overall program processing center.To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure ofthe tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout,the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed tocomment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is verybeneficial to design engineers select solution elements.The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design andmanufacturing, as well as the product from the users functional requirements design processing assembly finished product of this realization of concurrentengineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals oneof the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensionalvisualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and moreintelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual realitytechnology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut.At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on researchhypermedia technology, product data exchange standard STEP, as well as standardvirtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtualenvironments) in the product design applications.Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligentdesign and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture ofdirection, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation startedlate, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools4. Authorbelieves that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effectiveway to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are moreinvolved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-relatedknowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory,computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such asdomain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in researchin this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD designtechnology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and itsmeasures to be taken.Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using acomputer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product andits design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriateknowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and theestablishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product,and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume anddecision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achievethis stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition ofknowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end,the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical systemdesign knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, theapproach can be summarized into the following several.
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