選修8Unit 4Pygmalion李仕才一、閱讀理解AAccording to a team of researchers, an animals ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life. “Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，” commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, “Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly, Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.” In comparison, the tiger beetle (虎甲蟲) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its preys(獵物) position. Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，對(duì)于快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物來說，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)感知時(shí)間的能力決定著它們的生死。文章列舉了家蠅、狗和虎甲蟲等動(dòng)物，證明了動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力的重要性。1. What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?APace of life of animals.BTime perception of animals.CLifetime of small animals.DImpressive abilities of animals.答案與解析：B考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，“According to a team of researchers, an animals ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.”為本文的主題句；結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，故B項(xiàng)正確。2. What does Kevin Healys comment mean in Para. 2?AThe ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.BThe survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.CAnimals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.DAnimals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段Kevin Healy所說的話“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.”可知，Kevin Healy認(rèn)為，對(duì)于快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物來說在短時(shí)間內(nèi)感知時(shí)間的能力決定著它們的生死；據(jù)此可知，該句是說快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物的生存依賴于它們對(duì)時(shí)間的感知能力，故B項(xiàng)正確。3Why can houseflies avoid being hit?AThey can think very deeply before they act.BThey can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.CThey can process information as quickly as they receive it.DThey can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.”可知，家蠅能比我們?cè)诟痰臅r(shí)間內(nèi)感知到物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是它們得以避免被拍死的原因，故C項(xiàng)正確。4What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?ATry to run as fast as it can.BPrevent itself from becoming blind.CSlow down to gain its time perception.DStop occasionally to spot the prey again.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段“In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲蟲) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its preys(獵物) position.”可知，虎甲蟲雖然奔跑的速度快，但是視力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶爾停下來重新確定獵物的位置，故D項(xiàng)正確。BTravel-worthy Destinations in Best FilmsARRIVAL Bozeman, Montana, U. S.The years best thriller, Arrival follows a professor to a military camp in Montana, where she works to translate the language coming from alien visitors. The film, set in the wide landscape of Montana, connects the vastness of the universe with the natural beauty of Bozeman. Travel to Bozeman, and youre bound to feel its quietness. In this town, the wildlife of the Bridger Mountains lives alongside the constant inflow of Montana State University students. With all its breathtaking landscape, Bozeman is the perfect place to do some soul-searching.FENCES Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U. S.Fences tells of an African-American father supporting his family during the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s. The film was shot in Pittsburgh, known for its blue collar history. Today it has grown into a center of progress and culture. It is home to the worlds first green convention center. On top of its environmental development, the city has worked to keep its diverse cultural heritage. Visitors can discover Pittsburghs history at the Heinz History Center and taste the Mediterranean food at Cure.MOONLIGHT Miami, Florida, U.S.A masterpiece of self-discovery, Moonlight follows an African-American boy in Miami who is trying to find his place in the world. Much of the film is set in a low-income neighborhood north of downtown, but visitors to Miami will likely see a different side of the lively city. Modern art museums and restaurants fill the inner corridors, while Miami Beach is filled with music and ocean lovers. Theres something for everyone in Miami, so enjoy the party.4.What makes Bozeman a travel-worthy destination?A. The story of the movie Arrival. B. The peaceful landscape it has.C. Mantana State University. D. Alien visitors.1.Pittsburgh is known for according to Paragraph 2.A. its diverse culture B. African-American familiesC. the Civil Rights movement D. beautiful scenery2.In the movie Moonlight, audiences will see a side of Miami.A. modern B. poorC. hi-tech D. luxury3.The author wrote the passage with the intention of .A. writing a film reviewB. introducing some famous filmsC. describing how the movies were shotD. recommending travelling destinations【文章大意】本文主要向讀者介紹了幾個(gè)最佳影片拍攝的旅游目的地。1.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分With all its breathtaking landscape, Bozeman is the perfect place to do some soul-searching.可知在它令人驚嘆的風(fēng)景中，Bozeman是一個(gè)完美的自我反省的地方。故選B。3.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分Much of the film is set in a low-income neighborhood north of downtown, but visitors to Miami will likely see a different side of the lively city.可知這部電影的大部分都是在市中心北部的一個(gè)低收入社區(qū)拍攝的，因此在電影中可以看到邁阿密貧窮的一面，故選B。7.D 【解析】主旨大意題。這篇文章作者主要是向讀者介紹了幾個(gè)最佳影片的拍攝旅游目的地。故選D。二、七選五(2018成都市高中畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試) Traveling alone gives you the freedom to create your own schedule and do as you please. _1_ For example, a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of firsthand experience with unfamiliar locations and cultures. Here are several tips to find a travel partner who will improve your journey. _2_ Traveling should be fun. When you are on a trip, you will want to do lots of activities that you enjoy. Preferably, your companion will want to do the same things as you. Discuss financial plans. Before you travel, you should plan a budget. _3_ You dont want to be planning an expensive getaway at the same time your friend is looking for budget travel. Have an honest conversation. If you are thinking about traveling with a companion, take some time to have an open discussion. Schedule a time to sit down and talk. Try saying，“I know weve talked about the idea of traveling through Europe together. Lets have a coffee this week and actually talk that through.” _4_ You should also talk about your travel style. Find someone who is flexible. Choose a travel partner who can adjust. _5_ Maybe it will rain on the day you planned to visit the Grand Canyon. Or you might not be able to get reservations at that French restaurant youve been dying to try.ALook for someone with common interests.BYou should discuss your goals for the trip.CTravel with a friend who is pretty easygoing.DBut traveling with a partner has its benefits，too.EMake sure that you are on the same page concerning money.FTry to meet your new travel partner in person before your trip.GNo matter how carefully you plan your trip, it is likely that something will go wrong.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了如何找到一個(gè)很好的旅伴。1答案與解析：D根據(jù)空后句子“For example, a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of firsthand experience”可知，空處談?wù)摰氖呛吐冒橐黄鹇眯杏嘘P(guān)的，而空前講述的是獨(dú)自旅行，上下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以D選項(xiàng)正確。2答案與解析：A根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，此處為段落主題句。根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，最好和你的旅伴有共同的興趣，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。3答案與解析：E根據(jù)本段中的關(guān)鍵詞“financial plans”、“plan a budget”和“budget travel”可知，選項(xiàng)E中的“on the same page concerning money”與此內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，所以選E。4答案與解析：B根據(jù)本段主題句“進(jìn)行誠(chéng)實(shí)的談話”可知，此段的核心話題是“談話”；又根據(jù)空后的“You should also talk about your travel style.”可知，你還需要和你的旅伴討論你們的旅行方式。選項(xiàng)B中的關(guān)鍵詞“discuss your goals”與此呼應(yīng)，所以選B。5答案與解析：G本段主題句是“找到一個(gè)頭腦靈活的旅伴”。根據(jù)空后的例子可知，在旅行中會(huì)突然出現(xiàn)意想不到的事情。G選項(xiàng)中的“carefully you plan your trip”和“go wrong”與此照應(yīng)，所以選G。四、短文改錯(cuò)(2018師大附中模擬)Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.答案：Jinan is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one. One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.四、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。How would you use a radio or a telephone 1. you had no electricity or batteries?These problems bothered British inventor Trevor Baylis.So in 1996 he 2.(invent) a wind-up(裝有發(fā)條的) radio which doesnt need electricity or batteries.You wind it up 3. hand.It plays for about an hour.Then you wind it up again.After three years,Baylis invented a mobile phone 4. is powered by shoes.The shoes contain a small battery that 5.(power) when you walk.This battery is connected to a mobile phone.These two simple inventions can bring modern 6.(communicate) to all parts of the world.Baylis doesnt have 7. university degree in engineering.In fact,he left high school before 8.(graduate).He just loves making things 9.(help) people.He never knows when ideas will come to him.The idea for the mobile phone 10.(sudden) came to him in a dream.答案1.if2.invented3.by4.that/which5.is poweredmunications7.a8.graduating/graduation9.to help10.suddenly 6EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F375