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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points 1．prohibit vt.禁止；阻止；使不可能發(fā)生 prohibit sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 The students are prohibited from smoking in our schoolyard. 學(xué)生不準(zhǔn)在校園內(nèi)抽煙。 The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport. 昂貴的裝備令許多人對

2、這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動望而卻步。 表示“阻止某人做某事”的短語還有： keep sb.from doing sth. forbid sb.to do sth. They forbid children to swim in the river. 他們不讓孩子們到河里游泳。 forbid, prohibit (1)forbid常表示直接或私自下命令加以禁止，并希望他人遵循。 His wife forbids him to smoke. 他妻子不讓他抽煙。 (2)prohibit表示制定正式規(guī)章，并有強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的意思。 In our city smoking is prohibite

3、d by law. 在我們市，抽煙是法律禁止的。 [即境活用1] 介詞填空/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)I am afraid that the appointment will prohibit me from joining you in dinner. (2)Since last year, the citizens in that country have_been_prohibited (prohibit) from travelling abroad. 2．offence n. [U]冒犯；[C]犯罪；得罪；犯規(guī)；違法行為 I’m sure he meant no

4、offence when he said that. 我確信他那么說并無冒犯之意。 give/cause offence to　　 觸犯；使……生氣 take offence (at sth.) (因某事)而生氣 One cannot hear such a remark without taking offence. 聽了這樣的話，誰都會生氣的。 The doctor’s advice gave offence to his patient. 醫(yī)生的忠告使病人不高興。 offend v．　　　 冒犯；得罪；犯罪；犯法；違背/反對 offensive adj. 令人不

5、快的；侮辱的 He offended against good manners. 他違反禮儀。 [即境活用2]　　 完成句子 (1)No one will take_offence (生氣) if you leave early. (2)He started giving/causing_offence_to (觸犯) the law at the age of 16. 3．separation n. [U]分開；[C]離別；分居 His separation from his mother made him unhappy. 與母親的分別使他很不高興。 They were

6、pleased to meet after such a long separation. 久別重逢，他們非常高興。 separate separate A from B 　把A與B分開 The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子們分別睡在各自的床上。 The two children separated at the end of the road. 兩個(gè)孩子在路的盡頭分手了。 A fence separated the cows from the pigs. 圍欄把奶牛和豬分開。 separate, divide (1)sepa

7、rate與from搭配，表示“將……與……分開”，指把原來連在一起或靠近的分隔開來。 (2)divide與into搭配，往往是指把某個(gè)整體劃分為若干部分。 [即境活用3]　　 單句改錯(cuò) We’d better divide the good apples from the bad ones. divide→separate 4. submit v．服從；聽從；提交；主張；認(rèn)為 submit (oneself) to ... (使……)服從/屈服于…… submit ... to ... 把……提交給…… She refused to submit to threats.

8、 面對威脅，她拒不低頭。 We should submit our plans to the council for approval. 我們應(yīng)該向理事會提交計(jì)劃以求批準(zhǔn)。 [即境活用4]　 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/介詞填空 (1)Counsel for the defence submitted (submit) that the evidence was inadmissible. (2)All of us should refuse to submit to failures and difficulties. 5．unwilling adj.不情愿的 be (un)wi

9、lling to do sth. (不)情愿做某事 willing adj. 樂意的；心甘情愿的 He is unwilling to accept the donation. 他不愿意接受捐贈。 He is willing to help others. 他樂意幫助別人。 [即境活用5]　 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)They are willing to_prefer(prefer) the better when the best is unattainable. (2)Furthermore, students have to pay international

10、 postage to send letters, something the students might be unwilling (will) to do. 6．seize v．抓?。粖Z?。淮?；扣押 He seized her by the arm. 他抓住了她的胳膊。 She tried to seize the gun from him. 她試圖奪他的槍。 The army seized the fort. 軍隊(duì)占領(lǐng)了這個(gè)要塞。 [即境活用6]　　翻譯句子 抓住機(jī)會，不然你會后悔的。 Seize_the_chance,_otherwise/or/or_else_

11、you’ll_regret_it. 7．coincidence n．[U](在時(shí)間或空間上)巧合；[C]巧合的事物 by coincidence　　　　　　　 巧合地 It is/was a coincidence that ... 巧合的是…… What a coincidence that ... ……多巧(的事情)啊！ By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time. 我們碰巧同時(shí)到達(dá)這兒。 It was a coincidence that he was born on his mother’s birthday.

12、 他在他母親生日那天出生，真是巧事。 What a coincidence that I was in Beijing just when you were. 真是巧合，你在北京時(shí)我也在。 [即境活用7]　　一句多譯 真巧，瑪麗也在那兒。 (1)By_coincidence Mary was there too. (2)It_was_a_coincidence_that Mary was there too. (3)What_a_coincidence_that Mary was there too. 8．march vi.&vt.進(jìn)軍；前進(jìn)；游行示威 n．[U]行

13、軍；進(jìn)行；進(jìn)展；示威游行；罷工 The soldiers marched along the street. 士兵們行進(jìn)在街道上。 The soldiers were tired after the long march. 士兵長途行軍后都疲倦了。 march on　　　 繼續(xù)行進(jìn)；向……行進(jìn)(以示抗議) on the march 在行軍中；在進(jìn)行中 After a short rest, they marched on. 休息了一會兒之后，他們繼續(xù)前行。 Science is on the march. 科學(xué)正在發(fā)展中。 [即境活用8]　　完成句子 The sol

14、diers were on_the_march_(在行軍中) from March to May. 1．fight against (1)與……對抗；與……搏斗 He fought against cancer and lived to be eighty. 他和癌癥抗?fàn)?，并活到?0歲。 (2)與……戰(zhàn)斗 They fought against the enemy fiercely. 他們猛烈地對敵作戰(zhàn)。 fight for　　　　　 為……而斗爭 fight one’s way 打開一條道路；奮勇前進(jìn) They are fighting for liberati

15、on. 他們正為解放而奮斗。 [即境活用9]　　完成句子 (1)However, we can fight_against (與……對抗) this natural process by eating eggs. (2)The slaves fought_for (為了……而戰(zhàn)) the freedom. 2．make up (1)化裝；上裝 The woman spends an hour making up every morning. 那女人每天早晨花一小時(shí)的時(shí)間化裝。 (2)編造 I told the kids a story, making it up as I

16、went along. 我給孩子們講了一個(gè)故事，是現(xiàn)編的。 (3)組成(被動式為be made up of) We need one more person to make up a team. 我們還需要一個(gè)人才能組成一個(gè)隊(duì)。 (4)占據(jù) Girls make up 56% of the student number. 女生占學(xué)生人數(shù)的56%。 (5)和好 After a quarrel, they made up with each other. 吵過之后，他們相互和好了。 (6)補(bǔ)上(失去的東西)；做出補(bǔ)償(常與for搭配) He drove faster to

17、make up for lost time. 他加速駕駛以補(bǔ)回?fù)p失的時(shí)間。 make out　　　　　 (勉強(qiáng))認(rèn)出；分辨出 make it 做成；成功；趕得上 make ... into ... 把……做成…… make ... out of ... 把……改制成…… Mother made her coat into my skirt. 母親把她的外套改成裙子給我穿。 I can’t make out his writing. 我無法辨認(rèn)出他的筆跡。 [即境活用10]　 完成句子 (1)There was a large audience in the c

18、inema, which was_made_up_of(由……組成) very young students. (2)She is very good at making_up (編造) excuses. (3)You must make_up_for_the_loss (彌補(bǔ)損失) for the part of Macbeth. (4)I never thought Clare would make_it (取得成功) as an actress. 1．It_seemed_like an answer to a prayer! 似乎是祈禱帶來的結(jié)果！ It seemed

19、like ...似乎/好像…… It seemed like a good idea at the time. 當(dāng)時(shí)這主意好像不錯(cuò)。 It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎好幾年不見了。 seem (to be)＋表語(名詞、形容詞或介詞短語) seem＋ It seems (to sb.) that ...　看來…… It seems as if/though ... 似乎…… There seems to be ... 似乎有…… It seems as if he has been on the scene of

20、 the crime. 看樣子他好像曾在犯罪現(xiàn)場。 There seems to be no need to help her. 似乎沒有必要幫助她。 It seems that he knows everything. ＝He seems to know everything. 他似乎什么都知道。 [即境活用11]　　翻譯句子 (1)她父親看上去是個(gè)好人。 It_seems_that_her_father_is_a_kind_man./Her_father_seems_to_be_a_kind_man. (2)我好像曾經(jīng)見過他。 It_seems_that_I_have

21、_seen_him_before./I_seem_to_have_seen_him_before. (3)看起來像霧；事實(shí)上那是濃煙。 It_seems/seemed_like_fog;_in_fact,_it_is/was_heavy_smoke. 2．Serena came home to say that the news that the boycott was over was going to be all over the newspapers tomorrow. 塞麗娜回家說，結(jié)束抵制的消息明天將會登上所有的報(bào)紙。 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)了賓語從句，第二個(gè)

22、that引導(dǎo)了同位語從句。 news, information, belief, question, fact, order, hope, thought, doubt, answer, idea等后既可以跟定語從句又可以跟同位語從句。這些詞在定語從句中可作主語、賓語或表語。作賓語或表語時(shí)，可省略that；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句表明其前名詞的具體內(nèi)容，that不作成分，一般不省略。 The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.(同位語從句) 我們昨天邀請他這個(gè)主意很好。 The idea (that) he thought

23、of is quite good.(定語從句) 他想出的主意不錯(cuò)。 The news that our team won the match is encouraging.(同位語從句) 我們隊(duì)贏得比賽的消息激動人心。 The news we read on the Internet was not true.(定語從句) 我們在網(wǎng)上看到的新聞不是真的。 [即境活用12]　 完成句子 (1)We expressed the hope that_they_would_come_to_China_again (歡迎他們再來中國)． (2)We expressed the hope

24、(that)_they_had_told_us(他們曾經(jīng)告訴我們的希望)． Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Many young people are boycotting(抵制) Japanese products recently. 2．How many students have registered(注冊) for English classes? 3．By tradition,_it’s the bride’s parents who pay for the wedding. 4．He dislikes the man and is unwilling to help him. 5

25、．As an official, he shouldn’t have abused his power. 6．It was evident that she was seriously ill. 7．When the earthquake took place, people were in chaos.　 8．There were many more pedestrians (步行者) during the vacation. 9．Five persons died during the collision (碰撞) between two buses. 10．The compan

26、y has negotiated (商議) a new contract with its staff. Ⅱ.選詞填空 1．Have you decided_on a date for the wedding? 2．By_tradition,_the old should give lucky money to the children during the Spring Festival. 3．The UN has called_on both sides to observe the ceasefire. 4．Pay increases can not make_up for

27、 the poor working conditions. 5．We should fight_against any pollution. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．It_was_not_until_1949 (直到1949年) that New China was founded. 2．I_did_go (我確實(shí)去) to the party last time. 3．Our school made a decision that the library will be open to students for free next week (圖書館于下周對學(xué)生免費(fèi)開放)． 4．It_

28、is_a_coincidence (碰巧) that John and I were born on the same day of the same year, and we have a lot in common. 5．It_seemed_that (看來) the child was lost. Ⅳ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．Before long he became accustomed to driving on the left in London. Before long he got_used_to driving on the left in London. 2．I didn

29、’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock. It was not_until I heard the alarm clock that I woke up. 3．The girl was unwilling to clean the window. The girl was_not_willing_to clean the window. 4．To my surprise, there were many villagers seated at the back of the room. What surprised me was that t

30、here were many villagers sitting at the back of the room. 5．It seems that she has known the news. She seems_to_have_known the news. Ⅴ.閱讀理解 A Know Your Rights! What to do if you are visited or stopped by the police? First, and most important, when meeting with the police： DO NOT physically re

31、sist to threaten the officer(s) in any way. DO NOT try to leave until an officer tells you that you are free to go. DO NOT give the officer any information about any of your activities. DO NOT agree to any search. The bottom line： IF YOU ARE NOT FREE TO GO, YOU ARE UNDER ARREST.WHEN YOU ARE UND

32、ER ARREST YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT. Don’t lie.Don’t be a smart ass.Don’t try to be friends with the officer. Simply refuse to answer any of the officer’s questions.Each time he/she asks a question, respond with the question “Am I free to go？” This will probably result in such disappoint

33、ment for the officer that they may arrest you anyway ... but better to be arrested with little or no evidence, than to give the officer information they may use to charge you! It’s all a game.But the rules of the game (the Constitution of the United States) are in your favor. You cannot be punishe

34、d more severely, just because you refused to risk charging yourself during a police investigation (no matter what an officer says)． REMEMBER： If you are not free to go, then you have the right to remain silent. You will be asked for identification.You are required to provide this information.Then

35、 “investigation” will start.The conversation might go something like this： Officer：Do you have any ID on you? You：Yes, sir.(or madam) Officer：May I see it? You：Certainly, Officer.May I reach into my pocket to get it? Officer：Yes ...is this your current address? You：Yes, sir. Officer：What are

36、you doing out here tonight? You：Officer, am I free to go? Officer：Not yet.What are you doing out here tonight? You：If I’m not free to go, then I’m going to exercise my right to remain silent. The officer will then try everything he/she can think of to get you to start talking, but it’s your righ

37、t to keep silent. 1．What’s the best way to protect yourself when asked by the police? A．Refusing to give any information about yourself. B．Asking the question.“Am I free to go？” C．Taking your ID with you. D．Refusing to be searched. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段的“DO NOT give the officer any information abou

38、t any of your activities.”以及下文第十段最后一句中可知A項(xiàng)正確。 2．What makes it possible that you dare to refuse to answer the police’s questions? A．The police have no right to arrest you for that. B．You have the same rights as the police. C．The law of the United States allows you to do so. D．It can defeat the p

39、olice with disappointment. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。由全文最后一句以及第八段的“YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT”可知保持沉默是法律許可的。 3．The most important right you have while stopped by the police is ________. A．show good manners to the police B．refuse to say any words with the police C．keep silent D．you are free to leave

40、whenever you want 解析：選C　推理判斷題。由全文可知保持沉默是你被警察抓住后最重要的權(quán)利。 B Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem.It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results.If so, use these tips

41、 to help you. Study_Techniques ?You should always study in the same place.You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose.For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax.Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentra

42、tion may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way.Always try to have a white wall in front of you，so there is nothing to distract (make less concentrated) you.Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need.Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and kni

43、ves, make sure you have a dictionary.If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying, store all your equipment in a box beside it. ?Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface.Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees. ?Be realistic and don’t

44、 try to complete too much in one study period.Finish one thing before beginning another.If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat. Test­taking_Skills ?All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous

45、to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important.This means: do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long­term study plan.Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months. ?Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure.Doing some form o

46、f exercise every day will also improve your concentration.Eat healthy food, too. ?When you arrive at the examination room, find your seat and sit down.Breathe slowly and deeply.Check the time on the clock during the test，but not too often.Above all，take no notice of everyone else and give the test

47、paper your undivided attention. 語篇解讀：本文為說明文，主要敘述了日常學(xué)習(xí)和參加考試的一些實(shí)用的技巧，幫助學(xué)生更好地處理學(xué)習(xí)和考試。 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Check the time during the exam at a certain time. B．Your concentration will improve if you study and watch TV at the same time. C．You should

48、 study in a different place every day, so you don’t get bored. D．Staying up all night and studying is tiring, but you will learn a lot using this method. 解析：選A　 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often.”可知在考試期間不要總是去看時(shí)間，那樣會分心。只要在一定的時(shí)間里檢查一下自己的時(shí)間是否充足即可。所以A項(xiàng)說法正確。

49、 5．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Your textbook. B．Your study desk or table. C．Your dictionary. D．The equipment you need. 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本句“If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying, store all your equipment in a box beside it.”如果在你不學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，你用來學(xué)習(xí)的桌子要被使用，那么就在桌子

50、旁邊放一個(gè)盒子，把你所用的學(xué)習(xí)用品都放在盒子里。所以本句中的代詞it指代前半句中提到的study desk。故B正確。 6．What can be inferred from the passage? A．You shouldn’t look at everyone else during the test. B．You’ll concentrate more if there is nothing to distract you. C．You will have enough energy to deal with your study and exams by eating healthy diet. D．If you feel tired during study, you can walk around for a few minutes. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Eat healthy food, too.”可知我們要吃就吃健康的食物保證自己有足夠的精力處理學(xué)習(xí)和考試。故C正確。