煙臺南山學(xué)院20092010學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試大學(xué)英語四級試卷A(課程代碼：0100150 學(xué)習(xí)形式：公共選修課 年級：07-08級)本試題需在【答題冊】作答。(試題總分100分)I. Reading Comprehension (skimming and scanning).（共10題，每題2分，滿分20分）Directions: For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from choices marked A), B), C), and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Economy TerrorizedFrom Wall Street to Main Street, Layoffs, Losses, and Little Hope The popular word in business before September11 was “visibility”. Company after company complained about their gloomy future because of the worsening economy. Now, though, corporate America has a clear vision of the immediate future -and its not a good one. “The attack has turned the business world upside down,” says Diane Swonk, chief economist at Bank One in Chicago. Companies have been aware of the possible loss due to the terror attacks. Firms directly affected by the horror, such as Boeing and Marriott, warned of lower profits. Airline layoffs alone will top 100,000, pushing some analysts to say as one million workers may lose their jobs because of the post-attack repercussions (反應(yīng)). On Capitol Hill, lawmakers and the Bush administration began preparing an economic emergency response. “The foundations of our free society remain sound, and I am confident that we will recover and prosper as we have in the past,” Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan told Congress. A chief executive of Frontier Airlines in Denver last week announced a 20 percent flight reduction and large scale layoffs. On Wall Street, markets tumbled (下跌) amid the likelihood of recession and war: The Dow Jones industrial average fell nearly 700 points Monday. “It is no longer about earning or the economy or interest rates anymore,” says Morgan Stanley market strategist Peter Canelo. “It is about fear.” Some observers believe Washingtons response could be effective to prevent further economy deterioration. “The recovery could be much smoother than expected due to the fiscal and monetary stimulus were in store for,” says Richard Weiss, chief investment officer for City National Bank. Restoring consumer confidence is a top priority for Greenspan and Congress, given that consumer spending accounts for about two third of the nations total output. To that end, the Fed has been flooding the markets with cash. Congress, meanwhile, is awash in plans to spend money, drawing down the $153 billion Social Security surplus. Theres even talk of further tax cuts. The economy devastation of the worst disaster on American soil is far and wide. Last week, individual industries began to estimate the loss.Airlines While “recessions are bad for the airline industry, terrorism is worse,” says a senior vice president at aviation consultants Avitas. Now both are serious problems for airliners, as heavily indebted and cashpoor companies are seeing a drastic reduction in bookings. Some planes are flying less than half full. Experts predict that this will put some airliners out of business and the total industry losses will amount to 10 billion dollars by the end of next year. When-and if-the industry recovers, it will have been fundamentally changed. Passengers might find fewer flights overall and limited service to smaller airports, as airlines focus on large, profitable hubs(交通樞紐).Oil As U.S. naval forces headed out from Norfolk (美國一個重要的海軍基地) toward the Middle East, the oil market was nervous but focused as much on recession as on the threat of war. Crude prices slid downward due to the predicted economic slowdown and a drop in air travel which would reduce demand. Still, with the prospect of armed conflict very real, analysts see considerable risk of higher energy prices, especially when the war might involve Iraq, an oil-producing country. But Michael Lynch of the research firm DRI-WEFA said that despite decreasing demand, the terror attack had produced an “uncertainty effect” that would possibly drive oil prices higher in the weeks ahead. Lynch said that oil companies and large industrial users of oil very likely would attempt to build inventories amid uncertainty.Retailing Many shoppers stayed home during the week of the attack. Federated Department Stores, which owns Bloomingdales and Macys, said sales during the week were $65million, or about 20 percent, below its forecasts. Other retailers, including Wal-Mart Stores and bookstore chains Borders Group and Barnes and Noble, as well as teen apparel retailer American Eagle Outfitters, reported a fast decrease in sales but some rebound by last weekend. “For the most part, sales are starting to come back, but theyre not where we want them to be,” says Tracy Mullin, president of the National Retail Federation. Consumers already planning the purchase of a new car, appliance, or other big-ticket item may go ahead, but forget those who had only begun to think about buying, says Marian Friestad, president of the Society for Consumer Psychology. “This would be a time when people would not be particularly open to changing their purchase behavior or trying new things,” she says. Frivolous purchases, like perfume and fashion, will probably decline.Media On Madison Avenue, advertising industry executives estimated their losses after nearly a week without network TV ads. But that is not all. Many companies felt it inappropriate to advertise during such a time of tragedy and canceled their commercials on TV. This trend is likely to mean further losses for an industry already suffering from a sharp cutback in spending. Already, the six TV networks reported an estimated $320 million in lost ad revenues due to the attack. And four of the countrys newspaper groups warned of a shortfall in third-quarter earnings because of canceled ads.Entertainment The most pressing question right now is what will happen in TV, already suffering from a big drop in advertising. Although the new season has been pretty well purged of any references that might be deemed offensive in the wake of the attack, there is serious doubt about viewers tastes in the future. Two big-budget filmsBig Trouble and Collateral Damagewere shelved indefinitely last week. Other movies with New York themes were pushed back. Still more were simply scrubbed clean of their references to terrorism and the World Trade Center. However, the entertainment industry may not suffer long-term damage, with losses expected to level off by the first quarter of next year, according to analysts.Insurance Already stunned by a plunge in profits and losses from storms in the first half of the year, property and casualty insurers now face even worse. “All profits will be wiped out,” says an analyst. Despite some loss, analysts are confident that the industry will be able to meet the estimated $30 billion in projected claims, a loss that could escalate if costly business-interruption and personal injury claims accelerate. One thing is certain: There will be higher rates and more limited coverage for terrorist or war-related events, especially for airlines.1. According to the passage, what is NOT the possible loss due to the terror attacks in the U.S.? A) Firms directly affected by the horror will suffer lower profits. B) One million workers may lose their jobs because of the post-attack repercussions. C) The Dow Jones industrial average fell about 700 points. D) Washington also loses its confidence to prevent further economy deterioration.2. The most important task for the Bush Administration is to _. A) restore consumer confidence B) limit immigration C) cut tax for all the companies D) estimate an exact loss3. Which of the following statements about airlines loss is WRONG? A) Some airlines are seeing a drastic reduction in bookings. B) Some planes are flying less than half full. C) The total industry losses will reach $10 billion by the end of this year. D) Some airliners will be put out of business.4. The two serious problems for American airline mentioned in the passage are _. A) oil price and economy depression B) recessions and terrorism C) airline service and safety D) layoffs and finance5. The effect of this attack on the oil price is _. A) clear B) slim C) uncertain D) unprecedented 6. Which of the following statements about retailing is NOT mentioned in the passage? A) Many shoppers stayed home during the week of the attack. B) Some retailers are still optimistic about their sales in the coming Christmas season. C) Some retailers reported a fast decrease in sales but some rebound by last weekend. D) Such frivolous purchases as perfume and fashion will probably decline.7. Already, the six TV networks reported an estimated _ in lost ad revenues. A) $10 million B) $65 million C) $153 million D) $320 million8. One big question for the entertainment industry is the viewers _ in the future.9. Reference to terrorism and _ has been scrubbed from movies.10. One certain effect of the attack on the insurance industry is the increased rated and _ for terrorist or war-related events, especially for airlines.II. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.（共10題，每題1分，滿分10分）In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please write the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet.What is suburbanization? If by “suburb” is meant an urban_11_that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the _12_ of the industrial city in the second quarter of the 19th century. Before that period the city was a small highly _13_ cluster in which people move about on foot and goods were _14_ by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830s were _15_ along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment.In time, the factories were _16_by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense _17_ this encroachment and to enlarge their tax base, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia _18_most of the Philadelphia County. Similar things _19_ place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United Sates _20_ such status only by annexing the communities along their borders.A) located B) margin C) conveyed D) compact E) centerF) emergence G) spacious H) surrounded I) abandoned J) plummet K) achieved L) took M) against N) for O) incorporatedIII. Cloze.（共20題，每題1分，滿分20分）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A), B)，C) and D) at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Conversation begins almost the moment we come into contact with another and continues throughout the day_21_ the aid of cell phones and computers. However, we are so often absorbed in conversation that we _22_sight of its true purpose and value.One important _23_of a good conversation is that the words are _24_ used to express thoughts and feelings. We are_25_deep thoughts and strong emotions，yet our vocabularies are not_26_for this expression, and many _27_little effort to expand that. Perhaps you see a movie that _28_you deeply，yet you have the following conversation: “So, what did you think of the film？” “Oh，my God，it was so sad，I swear. I went through _29_a box of tissues (面巾紙) I was in tears.” This dialogue is_30_an effective way of expressing feelings. It gives no_31_of how or why the movie truly_32_you. Such commonly-used phrases are certainly not enough to describe a deeply moving experience. However, not only_33_try to avoid overused words, you must _34_be careful in your selection. The purpose of expanding vocabulary is not to use the _35_or most impressive words, but to find those best suited.What is lacking in many conversations is the ability to talk to another rather than just talking with that person. A_36_person will find that even in the most ordinary conversations, there are a thousand questions_37_to be asked if you have courage and a desire for exchange. Good conversations should not be _38_nonsense, but of a meeting of two_39_the human condition. It should bring a better understanding of others and offer a release of emotions more than drive away_40_thoughts or kill time.21. A. for B. at C. under D. with22. A. lose B. have C. win D. miss23. A. issue B. problem C. aspect D. question24. A. funny B. careful C. only D. properly25. A. lack of B. short of C. fond of D. full of26. A. short B. enough C. much D. bad27. A. take B. make C. get D. try28. A. teaches B. pushes C. touches D. directs29. A. using up B. to use C. used up D. using off30. A. partly B. actually C. hardly D. truly31. A. sign B. model C. pattern D. fact32. A. infected B. infects C. affects D. affected33. A. you will B. must you C. you must D. will you34. A. too B. never C. also D. yet35. A. bigger B. biggest C. big D. important36. A. careless B. efficient C. thoughtful D. able37. A. waiting B. wait C. waited D. waits38. A. make up for B. made up of C. make up of D. made up for39. A. are sharing B. shared C. sharing D. shares40. A. clever B. pleasant C. unpleasant D. happy. Translation.（共5題，每題2分，滿分10分）Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet.41. The doctor managed to help _(讓她經(jīng)受住) a long and difficult illness.42. Many a student _(已經(jīng)意識到學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的重要性).43. She made the demand that _(新聞記者應(yīng)該立刻出發(fā)去伊拉克).44. _(我們昨晚本該學(xué)習(xí)的), but we went to the concert instead.45. Its _(再等她沒有用). We may as well get there without her.V. Reading Comprehension.（共10題，每題2分，滿分20分）Directions： There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：I hear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are holding one anothers hands for reassurance (放心). They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (繭) into a larger cocoon.It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a market for teenagers. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. This is a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you dont care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts.46. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to tell_. A. readers how to be popular with people around B. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselves C. parents how to control and guide their children D. people how to understand and respect each other47. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them_.A. have much difficulty in understanding each otherB. lack confidenceC. dare not cope with any problems aloneD. are very much afraid of getting lost 48. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？A. There is no popularity that really counts.B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority.C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same. 49. The author thinks of advertisements as_to teenagers.A. inevitableB. influentialC. instructiveD. attractive 50. The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should_.A. differ from others in as many ways as possibleB. become popular with othersC. find his real selfD. rebel against his parents and the popularity wavePassage 2Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage：Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated (自動化) production systems requiring a least possible number of operators， causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks.On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid， though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing (交換) system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operation managers) while other staff are retrained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. After the new system has settled down, people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the firm, resulting from the introduction of computers.The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity， which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1979, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity， which will benefit the economy in the long run.51. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from_. A. the possible widespread unemployment caus