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1、《單項(xiàng)選擇題》解題技巧
單項(xiàng)選擇題是考查學(xué)生對(duì)句子的層次,對(duì)語法規(guī)則、詞匯等掌握的情況,通過設(shè)定語境,詞語或某些成分的位置變化等將考查知識(shí)與能力結(jié)合起來,突出語言的交際性、靈活性,實(shí)現(xiàn)知識(shí)與能力相結(jié)合的目標(biāo)。有些題看起來似乎很難,很復(fù)雜,但只要學(xué)會(huì)掌握正確的分析問題的方法,那么,一切難題都是可以解答的。
要做好單項(xiàng)選擇題,首先必須熟練掌握句型、固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法、語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。還應(yīng)該了解一些解題技巧,提高解題的綜合能力。
下面從單項(xiàng)選擇題的特點(diǎn)和解題技巧兩大方面來分析:
一、單項(xiàng)選擇題的特點(diǎn)
2、
單項(xiàng)選擇題(multiple choice)是各種語言測(cè)試中最為流行的一種命題形式,中考英語試題也不例外。它是由題干(stem)、正確答案(key)、干擾項(xiàng)(distracters)組成。單項(xiàng)選擇題是中考英語試題的必考題型,它融會(huì)了詞法、句法、習(xí)慣用法、交際用語、常識(shí)于一體。涉及知識(shí)面廣泛,考查內(nèi)容多樣全面。
近幾年來中考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題的命題內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)一些新的趨勢(shì)和熱點(diǎn)。
(一)關(guān)注當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)、體現(xiàn)了時(shí)代特色,增添了鮮明的時(shí)代氣息。
( ) 1.Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody ___
3、__bad thing. (2004 上海)
A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watches
( )2. ______ chickens were killed because of bird flu (禽流感). (2004 昆明)
A. A large number of B. The number of
C. Much D. Thousand of
(二)適應(yīng)《英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》理念,體現(xiàn)
4、學(xué)科之間的滲透和綜合意識(shí)。
( ) 1. China lies _____ the east of Asia and ______ the north of Australia. (天津市)
A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on
( )2. Paper is mostly made of __________. (2004 濟(jì)南)
A. metal B. glass C. wood D. silk
(三)圖表試題的出現(xiàn)有利于培養(yǎng)
5、學(xué)生觀察理解能力。
e.g. From the chart we know the average temperature (平均氣溫) of _____ is the same as that of _________. (2004 哈爾濱)
A. July, August B. June, July C. February, March D. June, September
二、單項(xiàng)選擇題的解題方法和技巧
(一)直接選擇法:適合于考查固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法的題目。
在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要求學(xué)生注意積累一些常見的固定句式、動(dòng)詞與副詞的搭配、名詞與形容詞的搭配等等,對(duì)做
6、題十分有利。
( )1. We are now short _____ fresh water. Something must be done to stop people ____ polluting it. (2004 南通)
A. for, to B. for, from C. of, to D. of. From
解析:根據(jù)be short of和stop... from doing something這兩個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu),就可以選出正確答案D.
( )2. The children enjoyed ______ very much
7、last night. (2004 鎮(zhèn)江)
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
解析:由enjoy oneself 這一用法可知,正確答案選C。
( )3. Mrs. Gao asked these boys _______ so much noise. (2004 無錫)
A. do not make B. not to make C. not making D. not to make
解析:由ask sb. not to do sth. 這一 固定形式可知,正確答案選D。
(二)排除法
當(dāng)我
8、們是遇到十分熟悉的所謂固定搭配時(shí),要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上或者句子意義上仔細(xì)分析,然后看清楚幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)的細(xì)微差別,以免步入命題人設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。
對(duì)于"貌合神離"的4個(gè)選項(xiàng),如不能快速選擇答案,就采取"各個(gè)擊破,逐一排除"原則,縮小選擇范圍。
( )1. Could you tell me _____ the bike without any help this morning? (南京)
A. how does he mend B. how he mends
C. how he mended D. how did he mend
解析:根據(jù)"賓語從
9、句用陳述語序"先將A,D排除,再根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語this morning 判斷,應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)排除B,正確答案為C。
( )2. The Spring Festival is the most important holiday for Chinese people. It is like _____ in the west. (2004 常州)
A. May Day B. Thanksgiving Day C. Fathers Day D. Christmas Day
解析: 這4個(gè)選項(xiàng)從語法上都可以選擇,但根據(jù)常識(shí)( Christmas is as impo
10、rtant as the Spring Festival), 應(yīng)當(dāng)排除A,B,C,正確答案是D。
(三)分析比較法
適用于語法、句法較為復(fù)雜的題目,從時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語義、非謂語形式及同義詞組等角度進(jìn)行綜合分析比較。
( )1. The boy _____ in the teachers office was found ____ yesterday.
A. standing, smoke B. standing, smoking C. stood, smoke D. stood, smoking
解析: 根據(jù)句意(站在教師辦公室里的那個(gè)男孩昨天發(fā)現(xiàn)在抽
11、煙)standing in the teachers office 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語,在句中做定語用來修飾前面的the boy,有主動(dòng)關(guān)系。The boy 與find 之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)詞組find sb. do / doing sth.的區(qū)別,通過分析比較,正確答案為B。
( )2. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer ____ for half an hour. (2004 陜西)
A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. wen
12、t
解析:因 "for half an hour"是表示延續(xù)的狀語,謂語時(shí)態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),選D 不正確。"has left" 和"has gone"雖然是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但leave, go 是短暫性動(dòng)詞,后面不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的狀語,正確答案是C。
(四)關(guān)鍵詞法
有些題目中的某個(gè)詞對(duì)于快捷、準(zhǔn)確選擇起非常關(guān)鍵的作用,善于抓住關(guān)鍵詞(key word)才能找到做題突破口。
( )1. Janes mother was ill yesterday, so she had to look ________ her. (2004 南通)
A. at
13、 B. for C. after D. out of
解析:該題中ill 是關(guān)鍵詞,問題迎刃而解,正確答案是C。
( )2. -Whats wrong with my sons _______? - He cant see things clearly. (北京市)
A. eyes B. ears C. mouth D. nose
解析:依據(jù)題中關(guān)鍵詞see, 就可以直接選出正確答案A。
(五)前后呼應(yīng)法
此法適用于情景對(duì)話題中,對(duì)于對(duì)話所展示的情景,認(rèn)真理解,聯(lián)系上下文,前后呼應(yīng),
14、選出符合英語習(xí)慣的答案,同時(shí)避免受漢語思維的影響和干擾。
( )1. - Im taking my computer test tomorrow. - ________. (2004 揚(yáng)州)
A. Come on B. Congratulations. C. Well done D. good luck.
解析:根據(jù)上文"明天進(jìn)行計(jì)算機(jī)測(cè)試" A. 加油 B.祝賀你 C.干得不錯(cuò) D.祝你好運(yùn) 顯然正確答案是D。
( )2. -By the way, have you got ____ e- mail address? - Oh, yes. His is Hon
15、gsion @ .
A. Jims B. an C. a D. /
解析:根據(jù)下文his 這個(gè)物主代詞,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案是A。
(六)利用對(duì)稱法
就是在做題過程中要善于利用and, but等并列連詞。若前面是個(gè)句子,后面也必定是個(gè)句子,反之亦然;若連接的是幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞,這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞也必定是同一時(shí)態(tài)或同一形式。例如:
——English has large vocabulary, hasnt it?
——Yes.____ more words and you will find it easier to read and com
16、municate.
A. know B. knowing C. to know D. known
(七)適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換句式法
有時(shí)將題干的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易選出正確答案。比如將疑問句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句或倒裝句改為陳述句,將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句,無序句調(diào)整為正常句。例如:
—Mr. Wang, whom would you rather____ the important meeting?
A. have attend B. have attended
C. having attend
17、 D. have to attend
(八)補(bǔ)全省略成分法
口語中常常會(huì)使用一些省略句,做題時(shí)若將被省略的成分補(bǔ)充完整,答案就會(huì)一目了然。例如:
——What do you think made Mary so upset?
——____her new bike.
A. as she lost B. lost
C. losing D. because of losing
(九)注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
標(biāo)點(diǎn)有時(shí)對(duì)我們做題有提示作用,不同的標(biāo)點(diǎn)可能導(dǎo)致不同的答案,要求學(xué)生在做
18、題時(shí),一定要小心。例如:
Her house ,______ was built a hundred years ago ,stood still in the earthquake.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
做單項(xiàng)選擇題,利用以上所提供的九大解題技巧之外,還要要求學(xué)生平時(shí)多注意積累,有些比較不明顯的短語搭配,在有限的時(shí)間里,要能夠快速找出來;讀多了,積累多了,才能培養(yǎng)做題的題感:當(dāng)沒有熟悉的單詞及用法時(shí),在已經(jīng)排除之后,剩下的幾項(xiàng)里,代入法,多讀幾遍。
2014年10月13日