精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上完成句子和句子翻譯知識清單1. Its+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 對某人來說做某事怎么樣,如:It is dangerous for children to play in the street. 孩子們在街上玩是很危險的。2. Its time for sth. 是干某事的時間了;Its time(for sb.)to do sth. 該干某事了。如:Its time for the meeting. 該開會了。Its time for us to go to school. 我們該上學(xué)了。3. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花某人一些時間。sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 某人花時間(金錢)在某事上/花時間(金錢)干某事。sth. cost sb. some money 某事花某人一些錢pay some money for sth. 為某事(物)付錢,如:It took me two hours to write the letter. 寫這封信花了我兩小時的時間。He spends half an hour(in)reading English every morning. 他每天早上花半小時讀英語。He spends one hour on the housework every day. 他每天花一小時做家務(wù)。The bike cost me 500 yuan. 這輛自行車花了我500元。I spent 500 yuan on the bike. 我買這輛自行車花了500元。I paid 500 yuan for the bike. 我花了500元買這輛自行車。重要提示:cost主語一般為物;spend, pay主語一般為人。例中it 用作形式主語,動詞不定式為真正主語。4. too+形容詞/副詞+to do. 太以致不能 如:I was too excited to say a word.我激動得一個字也說不出來。Tom is too short to reach the apple.Tom太矮了,拿不到那個蘋果。重要提示:這是一個否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so. that. 結(jié)構(gòu)改寫。例句可以改寫成:I was so excited that I couldnt say a word.5. so that. 以便/以致 如:They studied hard so that they could pass the exam. 為了能通過考試,他們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。They started early so that they caught the early bus. 他們起得很早,結(jié)果趕上了早班車。重要提示:在例句中,是引導(dǎo)目的狀語;在例句中,是引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語。一般來講,若從句中含有情態(tài)動詞,則so that引導(dǎo)的為目的狀語。若無情態(tài)動詞,則so that引導(dǎo)的為結(jié)果狀語。6. 祈使句+then/or/and+陳述句 如:Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life. 努力工作,你就會過上幸福的生活。Hurry up,or we will be late for school. 快點(diǎn),否則我們上學(xué)就遲到了。注意:以上句型都可以用條件狀語從句來改寫。例句可以改寫成:If we dont hurry up,well be late for school.7. Why not do.? 為什么不?Lets do. 讓我們做吧。Shall we do.?我們做好嗎?Would you like/to do.?你想要(做)嗎?Will you please do.?請你做好嗎?What(How)about doing.?做怎么樣?had better do/not do sth.最好做/不做某事。如:Why not go and ask our teacher?為什么不去問問老師?Good idea! Lets go. 好主意!走吧!Shall we go out for a walk? 我們?nèi)ド⒉皆趺礃?No,Lets go to the zoo. 不,我們?nèi)游飯@吧。Will you please fetch some chalks for me? 請你給我拿些粉筆,好嗎?What about singing an English song? 唱首英文歌曲怎么樣?Wonderful! 好極了!You had better put on the coat when you go out. 你出去時最好把外套穿上。8. I dont think his answer is right.我認(rèn)為他的答案不對。 如:I cant believe she is right. 我相信她是不對的。You dont think they will come tomorrow,do you? 你認(rèn)為他們明天不會來,是嗎?重要提醒:think,believe,suppose等接賓語從句,表示否定時否定主句。變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧鋾r,若主語是第一人稱,簡短問句與賓語從句的主謂語保持一致,若主句主語是其他人稱,與主句主謂語保持一致。例句變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧鋺?yīng)為:I cant believe she is right,is she?9. such+名詞性詞組+that.;so+形容詞/副詞+that. 如此以致如:She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一個好老師,我們都愛她。It was such a hot day that they didnt go out for a walk as usual. 這么熱的天氣,他們沒有像往常一樣去散步。重要提醒:(1)“such+a(an)+形容詞+名詞+that.”,可以改寫成“so+形容詞+a(an)+名詞+that.”,例句可以改寫成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her.(2)在“such+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中,形容詞如果是many/few或much/little時,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that. ,so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that. 。如:There are so many people in the room that I cant get in.房間里人太多,我進(jìn)不去。The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有錢,他能買一輛小汽車。10. there be.;either. or.;neither. nor.;not only. but also. 如:There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box. 他的鉛筆盒里有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。Not only you but also I want to go travelling.不但你,我也想去旅游。Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不對。Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim都是英國人。重要提示:當(dāng)這幾個句型連接主語時,謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要遵循“就近原則”。對比both. and. 來記憶,both. and. 連接主語時視為復(fù)數(shù)。11. enough+名詞+to do. 有足夠的做某事;形容詞/副詞+enough+to do. 足夠做某事。如:There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting. 這兒有足夠的地方容下這些人開會。The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 這個男孩兒力氣夠大,能搬動這只箱子。重要提示:enough作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在所修飾詞的后面,句子可以用so. that. 句型改寫。例句可以改寫為:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.12. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡(愛好)做某事;like to do/like doing sth. 喜歡做某事。如:Do you enjoy listening to music? 你喜歡聽音樂嗎?I like to swim in the swimming pool. 我喜歡在游泳池中游泳。(喜歡到某一具體的地方游泳)I like swimming. 我喜歡游泳。(只講喜歡這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動)提分策略縱觀全國各地中考英語試題的句子翻譯題,其考查的重點(diǎn)為:各類重要句型結(jié)構(gòu)及搭配、重點(diǎn)詞的用法及習(xí)慣表達(dá)、主要語法規(guī)則及其運(yùn)用等,為了便于評分,大多題型用“翻譯填空”即“完成句子”來考查學(xué)生“譯”的能力,此種題型一般占試卷總分的百分之十左右。解答這類試題,考生需要注意以下方面:1. 要明確命題意圖,做到有的放矢。一般說來,句子翻譯都有個明顯的考查意圖,要么是考查某個詞的用法或習(xí)慣表達(dá),要么是考查某個句型的結(jié)構(gòu)或搭配,或者是考查某條語法規(guī)則的具體運(yùn)用,等等。在做題時若能明確命題者的考查意圖,那么便可加強(qiáng)做題的針對性,從而做到有的放矢。2. 要注意英語的習(xí)慣表達(dá)以及英漢兩種語言的不同之處。由于歷史、文化等方面的原因,英漢兩種語言在用詞選句等方面有許多不同之處,這一點(diǎn)考生一定要引起足夠的重視,千萬不要用漢語的習(xí)慣硬套英語句型。比如:漢語中常說“希望/建議/同意/拒絕某人做某事”,但英語習(xí)慣上卻不能 hope/suggest/agree/refuse sb. to do sth.;又比如:漢語中的“紅茶”,按英語的習(xí)慣是說成 black tea,而不是對應(yīng)地說成red tea。再比如:漢語的“踢足球”和“打籃球”,分別要用“踢”和“打”,且習(xí)慣上不能替換(即不說“打足球”或“踢籃球”),但在英語中既不用kick(踢),也不用beat(打),卻通用一個play。 所有這些方面的基礎(chǔ)語法知識和基本慣用法知識,同學(xué)們在復(fù)習(xí)迎考過程中都要特別注意。3. 不要逐字翻譯。不少同學(xué)在做翻譯練習(xí)中往往有逐字翻譯的習(xí)慣,比如:當(dāng)他要譯“他年齡很大”這樣一個極為簡單的句子時,他往往會逐字譯為 His age is very big. 而不是正確地譯為 He is old. 又如要譯“我工作很忙”,他不是正確地譯為 Im busy,而是逐字譯為 My work is very busy. 所有這些問題考生在復(fù)習(xí)迎考中都要予以充分重視。4. 由于句子翻譯一般采用翻譯填空的形式,也就是說被填空的句子在句法結(jié)構(gòu)或表達(dá)形式等方面已有了一定的限制,所以考生在做這類題時不僅要注意所給的中文句子的含義,而且要注意已給英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和所使用的句式等,做到既不偏離中文含義,又符合英語表達(dá)的習(xí)慣性和地道性?？傊?在做句子翻譯題時,要注意單詞的詞形變化,如名詞的單復(fù)數(shù);動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)及非謂語動詞;形容詞、副詞的比較級、最高級等。除了掌握正確的解題思路和技巧外,重要的是平時的積累,考試時的認(rèn)真、細(xì)心、全盤考慮。只有這樣,才能在考試中取得理想的成績。完成句子這類題目在中考中主要是測試考生運(yùn)用英語詞匯和“句型”的能力。按漢語意思完成句子這類題型,重點(diǎn)是對基本句型的運(yùn)用,一般都有規(guī)律可循。除了熟記基本句式的結(jié)構(gòu)外,還要注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)以及some,any,already,yet 等詞在句型中的變化。有些句型讓人感到心暖如春,有的卻使人感到冰冷如霜;有的聽起來覺得文雅得體,有的讓人聽起來覺得粗魯野蠻。我們寫文章也是一樣,不同的句子可以表達(dá)不同的效果,而如何準(zhǔn)確、巧妙地運(yùn)用不同的表達(dá)形式描述人、物、事件,正是我們需要下功夫?qū)W習(xí)的內(nèi)容。1. 平時注意練習(xí)用不同的句式表達(dá)相同的內(nèi)容。這樣可以給人清新俊逸、耳目一新、不落俗套的感受。此類句式積累多了,可以擴(kuò)大我們寫作的視野,增加我們選擇句型的余地,以便用最恰當(dāng)?shù)男问奖磉_(dá)我們要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。如:問某人“出了什么事”或“怎么不舒服”,我們可以說“Whats wrong with you?”也可以說“Whats the matter with you?”;說明“他經(jīng)常給我打電話”,可以說“He often calls(phone;telephone)me.”,也可以說“He often rings me up.”,還可以說“He often gives me a call(ring).”。這樣的表達(dá)形式,我們已學(xué)過不少,關(guān)鍵是要學(xué)著運(yùn)用。2. 練習(xí)用不同的句式,表達(dá)不同的情感。有時為了表達(dá)不同的情緒、情感,需要適當(dāng)變換一下句式,使語言更符合人物身份或當(dāng)時的喜、怒、哀、樂、驚、恐、悲。最常用的是表示“客氣、委婉”和“強(qiáng)調(diào)”。表示“委婉、客氣”?？梢越柚癐m afraid”、“dont mind”、“please”“Im sorry”等。3. 練習(xí)用習(xí)慣表達(dá)法,表達(dá)相同的內(nèi)容。英語中有些句子是平鋪直敘的,有的則借助習(xí)慣表達(dá)法使句子更具魅力,更能體現(xiàn)我們運(yùn)用英語的水平?！纠?】(2014天津)根據(jù)所給中文意思完成句子,每空限填一詞。 1. 我每天不得不早早起床趕頭班車。 I have to early every day to catch the first bus. 2. 他們?nèi)ツ甓煸诤Ｄ隙燃佟?They were in Hainan last winter. 3. 我們春節(jié)前做掃除,是為了掃走不好的運(yùn)氣。 We do some cleaning to bad luck before Spring Festival. 4. 你周日經(jīng)常和母親去購物嗎? Do you often with your mother on Sundays? 5. 你何不在錯誤的旁邊寫下正確的拼寫呢? Why dont you the correct spelling next to the mistake?【答案】1. get up2. on holiday3. sweep away4. go shopping5. write down【例2】(2014山東棗莊)把答案寫在每小題后的橫線上,必須用上所提供的單詞或短語。1. 這星期同學(xué)們對我真好。(friendly) 2. 你聲音小點(diǎn)行嗎?(mind,keep. down) 3. 我不喜歡刷盤子。(do) 4. 因?yàn)槲覀兩洗嗡逘I帶了雨衣,所以我們沒淋濕。(because) 5. 你認(rèn)為情景劇怎么樣?(think) 【答案】1. My classmates are really friendly to me this week.2. Would you mind keeping your voice down?3. I dont like doing the dishes.4. Because we brought our raincoats,we dont get wet in last camp.5. What do you think of sitcom?專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一、 (2014江蘇江陰)完成句子。按所給的漢語,用英語完成下列句子。1. 我的好朋友Tom出國將近2個月了。My good friend for nearly 2 months.2. 盡管外面天氣很冷,但是他堅持每天游泳。Though it is cold outside,he every day.3. 很多青少年由于過重的作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)而得不到充足的睡眠。A large number of teenagers cant get too much homework.4. 為了引起我們的注意,英語老師用紅色把新單詞標(biāo)出來。,the English teacher has marked new words in red.5. 我想知道多久以后如此多的郵件會得以回復(fù)。I am wondering .6. 那名工程師獨(dú)自繼續(xù)開展他的工作,最后終于取得成功。The engineer and finally had a success.二、 (2014江蘇常州)根據(jù)所給中文完成句子。1. 這些工人不知道該怎樣處理這些舊機(jī)器。The workers didnt know .2. 網(wǎng)上有各種各樣的睡袋供你選擇。There online .3. 我確信什么也不能阻止我們使夢想成真。I am sure that .4. 據(jù)說這家電影院已經(jīng)開業(yè)十年了。It is said .5. 到2013年末為止,他已經(jīng)去過好幾個國家了。He the end of 2013.6. 你能否告訴我這個機(jī)器人是不是出錯了?Could you tell me ?三、 (2013天津)根據(jù)中文意思完成句子,每空限填一詞。1. 這個八歲的男孩酷愛彈鋼琴,以至于他堅持練琴三年了。The eight-year-old boy likes playing the piano much he has kept for three years.2. 我母親經(jīng)常在星期日打掃衛(wèi)生、洗衣服。My mother usually some cleaning and on Sundays.3. 在今晚的聚會上我們肯定會玩得愉快。Were to have at the party this evening.4. 由于天氣不好,運(yùn)動會不得不推遲。 the bad weather,the sports meeting had to .5. 保護(hù)環(huán)境和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)同樣重要。Protecting environment is developing economy.四、 (2013湖北武漢)根據(jù)中文意思完成句子,每空限填一詞。1. 你是怎樣與你的鄰居相處融洽的? can you get on well your neighbours?2. 劉老師是位非常親切的老師,以至于我們把她當(dāng)做自己的母親。Mrs Liu is kind teacher we her our mother.3. 嚴(yán)禁酒后駕車。People shouldnt be allowed to after .4. 下定決心努力學(xué)習(xí)吧,你遲早會成功的。Make to work hard, youll succeed .5. 李明是個熱心腸的人,他經(jīng)常幫助那些有困難的人。Li Ming is a warm-hearted man and he often the people in trouble .五、 (2013甘肅白銀)根據(jù)下列句子的漢語意思和英語提示,完成句子,每空一詞。1. 多吃蔬菜對健康有益。Its your health to eat more vegetables.2. 王亞平是在太空授課的第一位中國航天員。Wang Yaping is the first Chinese astronaut in space.3. 非常感謝邀請我參加你的聚會。asking me to your party.4. 學(xué)英語最好的方法是盡可能多說。The best way to learn English is to speak it as as .5. 目前,貧困山區(qū)的孩子對網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全非常感興趣。Now,the poor children in mountain villages interested the Internet.參考答案與解析一、 1. has been abroad2. insists on swimming3. enough sleep because of4. (In order) to attract our attention5. how soon so many e-mails will be replied to6. carried on with his work alone/by himself/on his own二、 1. how to/they would deal with these old machines2. are various sleeping bags,for you to choose from3. nothing can stop us making our dream come true4. that the cinema has been open for ten years5. had been to many countries by6. if the robot has gone wrong/whether t here is something wrong with the machine三、 1. so,that,practicing2. does,washing3. sure,fun4. Thanks to/Because of,be put off5. as important as四、 1. How,with2. such a,that,regard,as3. drive,drinking4. up your mind,and,sooner or later5. gives,a hand五、 1. good for2. to teach3. Thanks a lot for4. much,possible5. are,in專心-專注-專業(yè)