Module 5 Museums詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. rule (1) rule作名詞，表示“規(guī)則, 規(guī)章, 規(guī)定, 條例”。例如：You should be observant of the traffic rules.你應該遵守交通規(guī)則。(2 rule作名詞，還可以表示“習慣; 慣常的做法”。例如：She makes a rule of going for a walk every afternoon.她有每天下午散步的習慣?！就卣埂縝e against the rule 表示“違反規(guī)定”,相當于“break the rule”；其反義詞是“follow/obey the rule”，意為“遵守/服從規(guī)定。例如：It is against the traffic rule to cross the street while the red light is on.紅燈亮時橫穿馬路時違反交通規(guī)定的。We should follow the rule of exam.我們應該遵守考試規(guī)則。2. in troublein trouble 表示“遇上麻煩；處于困境”。例如：She is ready to help others in trouble.她愿意幫助那些處于困境的人們。He realized that he was in trouble.他意識到他遇上了麻煩?！就卣埂勘嫖鯾e in trouble 與get into trouble be in trouble 表示狀態(tài)，一般表示已經(jīng)有麻煩; get into trouble是一個動作或過程，意為“惹上麻煩，陷入麻煩，闖禍”，多用于還沒發(fā)生的情況。例如：Nobody likes toget into trouble.沒有誰愿意惹麻煩。When you are in trouble, I will help you.當你遇上麻煩的時候，我會幫助你。3. missing missing是形容詞，意為“找不到的，失蹤的”。例如： They still hoped to find their missing son. 他們依然希望找到他們失蹤的兒子。【拓展】辨析 missing ; lost ; gone missing意為“失蹤的，找不到的”，強調某人或某物不再原處。lost意為“丟失的，迷路的，輸?shù)袅说摹?。gone意為“離開的，過去的，不復存在的”，不做定語。例如：I never found the missing letter.我一直沒有找到丟失的那封信。Dont go too far away, or youll get lost.不要走得太遠，否則你會迷路的。Now it was gone, as though it had never been.現(xiàn)在它已逝去，仿佛它從未存在過。4. find out find out意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明”，多指通過調查、詢問、打聽、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“經(jīng)過困難、曲折”之后才找出難以找到的東西。例如： Please find out when the train leaves. 請查一下火車什么時候離站?！就卣埂?(1) find是動詞，意為“找到”，通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，強調的是找的結果。例如：He didnt find his book. 他沒有找到他的書。 (2) look for意為“尋找”，是有目的地找，強調找的動作。例如：Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim正在找他的狗。5. fillwith（1）fillwith意為“ 把裝滿”或“使充滿”，強調動作。例如：Can you fill the bottle with water? 你能把瓶子裝滿水嗎？（2）fill with的被動語態(tài)結構為“sth. be filled with”，意為“充滿”，強調狀態(tài)，可與be full of 互換。例如：The train is filled with people = The train is full of people. 火車里擠滿了人。6. look forward tolook forward to 意思是“期待，盼望”，to是介詞，后面接名詞或者動名詞。例如： I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望能自己一人在這所房子。We look forward to the return of spring.我們期待著春天的到來。7. comparewith/tocomparewith/to 意為“比較與”；“把與做對比”，在做狀語時，兩者有時可以互換。例如：Compared with/to western countries, China uses materials very carefully. 和西方相比,中國使用物資很節(jié)省。If we compare this butterfly with/to that one, well find lots of difference between them.如果我們把這兩只蝴蝶相比較，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們之間有很多不同?！就卣埂縞ompareto還可表示“把比作”。例如：A teachers work is often compared to a candle.教師的工作常被比作蠟燭。8. pay attention to pay attention to表示“注意；留心；專心”，該短語中to是介詞，后面可以接名詞、代詞、動名詞或賓語從句。例如： Dont pay any attention to Nina she doesnt know what shes talking about. 別理睬Nina她根本不知道自己在說什么。You must pay attention to the problems of spelling in your writing.你必須注意你寫作中的拼寫問題。You should pay more attention to observing.你應該多注意觀察。9. of all ages（1）age作為名詞，意為“年齡”。例如：His wife is the same age as Una. 他的妻子和尤娜同年?！咀⒁狻坑胊ge詢問年齡時，用疑問詞what而不用how old。例如：Whats her age? = How old is she? 她的年齡多大？Her age is 10. = Shesten(yearsold)./Shestenyearsofage.她十歲。（2）與age相關的常用搭配：1）at the age of 在歲的時候。例如：He left school at the age of 18. 他18歲時離開了學校。 2）of all ages 所有年齡段的；of the same age 同齡的；of different ages 不同年齡的。例如：The Science Museum is interesting for people of all ages.這座科學博物館對于所有年齡段的人們來說都是有趣的。Gary plays football with the other children of the same age. 加里和其他同齡的孩子們一起踢足球。The toys are for children of different ages. 這些玩具適用不同年齡的兒童。10. communications communication 為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“表達；交流；交際；傳遞”，表示“通信；交通聯(lián)系”時，用復數(shù)形式。例如：Telephone communications between the two cities have been restored.這兩座城市間的電話通訊已經(jīng)恢復。【拓展】communicate 為動詞，意為“通訊，交流，傳達（意見等）”。I communicate with him regularly by letter. 我與他定期通信。詞匯精練I. 英漢互譯。 1. 盼望 _ 2. 注意_3. be filled with _4. 通信_5. 不同年齡的 _6. 與做比較_7. 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn) _8. in trouble _9. 上樓 _ 10. 禁止拍照 _II. 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，完成下列單詞，使句意明確，語言通順。1. When class begins, we should pay a_ to the teacher.2. I live on the first floor while my brother lives _(樓上).3. You mustnt a_ the rules in the library.4. We can do chemistry e_ in the chemistry lab.5. We spent w summer in Italy that year.6. He was p for being late.7. The machine is (控制) by a computer.8. All (通信) with the north were stopped by snowstorm.III. 根據(jù)所給句子內容，從方框中選出適當?shù)脑~語，并用其正確形式填空。look forward to; pay attention to; fill with ; find out ; take photos; of the same age; in trouble ; comparewith;1. Dont _ in the museum. Its against the rules.2. Im _ meeting them. I miss them very much.3. You must _ the spelling in your writing.4. The doctor looked over the crying baby girl, but he couldnt what was wrong with her.5. The box is too heavy to carry. It is books.6. He my homework his, and found I had made a mistake.7. They are , so they have a lot in common to talk about.8. The company was because of this accident. 參考答案I. 英漢互譯。 1. look forward to 2. pay attention to 3.充滿 4. communications 5. of different ages 6. comparewith/to 7. find out 8. 遇上麻煩；處于困境9. go upstairs 10. No photosII. 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，完成下列單詞，使句意明確，語言通順。 1. attention 2. upstairs 3. against 4. experiment 5.whole 6. punished 7. controlled 8.commucations III. 根據(jù)所給句子內容，從方框中選出適當?shù)脑~語，并用其正確形式填空。 1. take photos 2. looking forward to 3. pay attention to 4. find out 5. filled with 6. compared; with 7. of the same age 8. in trouble句式精講1. No shouting! “No +名詞/動名詞”可以構成禁止性的警示語，常用來表達“禁止做某事”，其后不可接賓語。例如： No smoking! 禁止吸煙！ No parking! 禁止停車！ No photos! 禁止拍照！ No visitors! 謝絕參觀！ 【拓展】其他表示“禁止”的方式：(1) 否定的祈使句同樣可以用來表示“禁止；不要”。例如： Dont shout. 不要喊叫！ Dont make any noise. 不要吵鬧。 肯定的祈使句也可以表示“禁止”，但要靠謂語動詞來表示。例如： Stop talking! 不準說話！ (2) 情態(tài)動詞mustnt可以表達“禁止”的概念。例如：You mustnt take photographs of the exhibits in the museum. 博物館中不得給展品拍照。You mustnt tell it to anyone. 你絕不可以告訴任何人。(3) cant 可以表示“不能，不會”，也可以表示“不允許”，因此可以用來表示制止某人做某事。例如： You cant make any noise in the hospital. 你不能在醫(yī)院里吵鬧。(4) You arent allowed to句型也可以用來表示制止對方做某事。例如： You are not allowed to touch the exhibits. 不允許你觸摸展品。2. So if you ever go to London, make sure you visit the Science Museum. 在以when，after，as soon as等引導的時間狀語從句以及以if，unless等引導的條件狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.當她回來的時候，我將把這個好消息告訴她。 If it doesnt rain, he will come here on time. 如果不下雨，他會按時來這兒的。 常見的“主將從現(xiàn)”有以下三種情況： （1）條件狀語從句的主句是一般將來時，那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients. 我長大后要當一名護士，照顧病人。 （2）如果主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯錯誤的時候不要笑話我。 （3）如果主句是含有情態(tài)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在閱覽室時應保持安靜。3. What a wonderful museum! 本句子意為“多么棒的博物館??！”。該句是感嘆句的省略句。感嘆句可以用“What開頭或者How開頭，用陳述句語序，結尾用嘆號。常見的結構有：What + a/ an +（形容詞）+單數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！ What+（形容詞）+不可數(shù)名詞或者可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+（主語+謂語）！ How + 形容詞或者副詞+（主語+謂語）！ 在口語中，感嘆句常省略主語和謂語。例如： What a nice girl ! 一個多么漂亮的女孩兒?。?What bad weather! 多么糟糕的天氣?。?How beautiful the garden is! 這個花園真漂亮?。?. No wonder the place is empty!本句意為“難怪這個地方空蕩蕩的！” No wonder + (that )從句 = Its no wonder +（that）從句，意為“是不足為怪的”或“難怪”。例句：No wonder you cant find anybody here; theyre all away at a meeting.難怪你在這里找不到任何人，他們都去開會了?！就卣埂縲onder作及物動詞，意為“想知道；對感到懷疑”，常見的用法有： （1）后接who, what，why，where 等引導的賓語從句。 I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是誰。 She wondered what the child was doing. 她感到疑惑，孩子究竟在干什么。 I wonder why Ann is late. 我想知道安為什么遲到了。 I wonder where they have gone. 我想知道他們去哪兒了。 （2）后接 that 引導的賓語從句，表示“對感到驚訝”， that?？墒∪?。 I wonder (that) she has won the race. 我對她贏了比賽感到驚訝。 （3）后接 if 或 whether 引導的賓語從句，常用來表示一種委婉的請求或疑問。She wondered whether you were free that morning. 她想知道你那天上午是否有空。 I wonder if he will succeed. 我不知道他會不會成功。 5. Whats the matter?Whats the matter?/ Whats wrong?是用來詢問對方出了什么毛病或問題，意為“怎么了？”，是醫(yī)生詢問病人病情時的常用語。例如： Whats the matter? 你怎么了？ I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。 Whats wrong, Tom? Tom怎么了？ I dont feel very well. 我感覺不太舒服?！就卣埂?Whats the matter?和Whats wrong?后可接with sb. / sth，即Whats the matter with sb./ sth.?或Whats wrong with sb./sth.?意為“某人/某物怎么了？”例如： Whats the matter with you? = Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？ Whats wrong / Whats the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了？ Nothing. 沒什么?！咀⒁狻縨atter是名詞，其前只能加定冠詞the；wrong是形容詞，前面不需要加任何冠詞。不能說Whats your wrong?和Whats your matter?6. Its great, isnt?本句是個反義疑問句，意為“它很棒，不是嗎？”。反意疑問句，表示對陳述句所說的事實提出相反的疑問,要求對方用“yes”或“no”來進行回答。反義疑問句由兩部分組成：前一部分是陳述句,后一部分是疑問句,疑問句是由be ,have, 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后接主語構成。如果陳述句是肯定結構,反意疑問句須用否定結構；反之,陳述句如果是否定結構,反意疑問句須用肯定結構。反意疑問句的兩部分,必須保持人稱和時態(tài)的一致。例如：He is old, isnt he? 他老了，不是嗎？He never went there, did he? 他從沒有去過那里，是嗎？【注意】無論哪種形式的反意疑問句,回答時要遵循：“Yes,后接肯定式”或者“No,后接否定式”The girl is helping her mother with the housework, isnt she? 那個女孩正在幫媽媽做家務,不是嗎？Yes, she is. 是的,她在幫。No, she isnt. 不,她沒有幫。7. Thats no good. no good意為“無益，沒有好處；不合適的，不方便的”。句型Its no good doing sth. 意為“做某事沒有益處?！崩纾篢he road is no good; its rough and full of holes.這條路坑坑洼洼的，太差勁了。Its no good going there.去那里沒有好處。句式精練I. 句型轉換，每空一詞。1. Dont swim! (改為同義句)_ _!2. I expected to receive your letter. (改為同義句)I _ _ _ _ your letter.3. You mustnt tell it to anyone. (改為祈使句)Please _ _ it to anyone.4. We were allowed to sing and dance in the room. (改為否定句)We _ allowed to sing _ dance in the room.5. I hope that I will visit the Summer Palace in the future. (改為同義句) I hope _ _ the Summer Palace in the future.6. Its no wonder that the children love to visit the farm. (改為同義句) _ _ the children love to visit the farm.7. If you dont study hard, you wont pass the exam. (改為同義句) Study hard, you wont pass the exam.8. Dont break the rule of our school. (改為同義句) Dont be the rule of our school.II. 根據(jù)漢語完成句子，每空一詞。1.這首歌聽起來很美，難怪這么多人喜歡。 The song _very beautiful, _ _ so many people like it.2. 醫(yī)院不允許吸煙。People _ _ _ _ in the hospital.3. 快點！這邊走！我一直盼望見到她。Come on! This way! Im _ _ _ _ her.4. 他因為違反了規(guī)定受到了處罰。He for breaking the rule.5. 我確信他這學期一定會取得巨大進步。I he will make great progress this term.6.有困難請給我們來電話。Please telephone us when you are .III. 單句改錯。1. Dont be crazy about computers games, and your parents will be worried._2. Thats no good to eat junk food._3. He is very interesting in physics._4. Have you ever compared your speed at that of a dog?_5. How an excellent book it is!_6. Li Ming has filled the basket with apples. Now the basket is fill of apples._IV. 綜合填空。 閱讀短文，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文通順、連貫。方框中有兩個為多余。hard, while, learn, come out, father, be, quickly, afraid Once upon a time, there lived a family of mice in the kitchen. One Saturday morning Father Mouse and his son felt hungry and (1) _ for food. (2) _ they were looking for food, they saw a big cat. Baby Mouse was very (3) _ and climbed onto his (4)_ back. Father Mouse shouted at the cat. “Woof, woof!” The cat ran away (5) _. “Wow, dad, youre great!” said Baby Mouse. “Well, son, thats why its important to (6) _ a second language.” answered Father Mouse.參考答案I. 句型轉換，每空一詞。1. No swimming 2. looked forward to receiving 3. dont tell 4. werent; or 5. to visit 6. No wonder 7.or 8.againstII. 根據(jù)漢語完成句子，每空一詞。1. sounds, no wonder 2. arent allowed to smoke 3. looking forward to seeing 4. was punished 5. am sure 6. in trouble III. 單句改錯。1. and 改為or。2. to eat 改為eating。3. interesting改為 interested。4. at改為 with。5. How 改為What。6. fill改為 full。IV. 綜合填空。 1. came out 2. While 3. afraid 4. fathers 5. quickly 6. learn