Module 12 Save our world詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. fight（1）fight（against /with sb. /sth.）意為“與搏斗，打架，作戰(zhàn)”，過去式和過去分詞為fought，fought。例如：In World War Two, Britain fought against Germany with France.在二戰(zhàn)中，英國與法國聯(lián)合抗擊德國。Have you fought with your brother again？ 你又和弟弟打架了嗎？（2）fight（about /over sth.）意為“因為某事而爭論，爭奪”。例如：Dont fight about small things. 不要為瑣事爭吵。The two dogs were fighting over a bone. 兩只狗為一塊骨頭廝咬。( 3) fight for sth.意為“爭取獲得或完成某事”。例如：fight for freedom, independence, human rights 爭取獲得自由，獨立，人權(quán)等2. spread（1）spread作動詞，意為“伸展，延伸，張開”。例如：He spread out a map. 他攤開了地圖。The young bird spread its wings. 那只幼鳥伸展翅膀。He spread out his arms to welcome us. 他張開手臂歡迎我們。（2）spread作動詞，還意為“傳播(消息等)，(疾病)蔓延，撒(肥料等)”。例如：Flies spread diseases. 蒼蠅傳染疾病。The fire spread from the factory to the warehouse nearby. 火從工廠蔓延到了附近的倉庫。The city spreads to the west. 那城市向西擴(kuò)展。3. collectcollect及物動詞，意為“收集，搜集”。例如：collect stamps 收集郵票 collect coins 收集硬幣【拓展】collection名詞，意為“收藏品、收集物”。是動詞collect 的名詞形式，是由動詞collect后綴-tion變化來的。 collector 名詞，意為“收藏家”。例如：These are my collections. 這些是我的收藏品。My brother has a very good collection of stamps. 我的弟弟收集了許多郵票。Mark is a famous stamp collector. Mark是一位著名的郵票收藏家。4. savesave作動詞，意為“保存、儲存、挽救、節(jié)省”等意思。例如：How do you save the document? 你如何保存這個文件？The boy saves money to buy a pen. 那個男孩攢錢買鋼筆。The police saved the girls life. 警察救了那個女孩的命?！就卣埂縮avefrom（doing） 拯救免于save ones life 救某人的命， 幫某人大忙5. care (1) care用作名詞，表示“照顧，照看，小心”等，為不可數(shù)名詞。例如： You must do it with great care. 你必須十分小心地做那件事。 We should take good care of these children. 我們應(yīng)該好好照看這些孩子。 (2) care用作動詞時有以下用法： 1) 后接不定式，表示“愿意，喜歡，想要做某事”，通常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。例如： I dont care to play basketball. 我不喜歡打籃球。 Would you care to go for a walk? 你想去散散步嗎？ 2) 后接從句，表示“在乎，在意”等，多用于否定句或疑問句中，偶爾也用于肯定句中。例如： I dont care what he thinks. 我才不管他怎么想呢。 I really care whether we win or lose. 我真的很在乎我們是贏還是輸。 3) 用于care about表示“在乎，擔(dān)憂，關(guān)注”。例如： He doesnt care about his clothes. 他對衣著不在乎。6. such as such as意為“例如”，用來“羅列”同類人或物中的幾個例子，可置于被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，但such as后邊不能用逗號。例如：Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science. 其中有許多英語節(jié)目很受歡迎，例如跟我學(xué)跟我學(xué)科學(xué)。English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.許多國家說英語，如澳大利亞和加拿大等?！就卣埂縡or example也意為“例如”，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)“舉例”說明，而且一般只舉同類人或物中的一個作為插入語，且用逗號隔開。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.有許多種污染方式，例如噪音就是一種污染。 Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.許多學(xué)生喜歡玩電腦游戲，比如邁克。7. dis-; -able等前綴、后綴構(gòu)詞法 (1) 前綴 1) dis-主要用在動詞之前或名詞和形容詞前，表示相反意義。例如： disappear消失；dislike不喜歡；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；disobey不遵守；disbelieve不相信；disadvantage不利條件；dishonest不誠實的 2) in-; im-; un-; il-; ir-用在形容詞前，表示否定意義。例如： indirect間接的；incorrect不正確的；inactive不活動的；impossible不可能的；unable不能的；unhealthy不健康的；unsuccessful不成功的；illegal非法的；irregular不規(guī)則的 3) re-用在動詞前，表示“重新，再”。例如： rebuild重建；recycle再循環(huán)；reconsider重新考慮 (2)后綴 1) able：名詞或動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“可的；顯示性質(zhì)”。例如：respectable可敬的；eatable可吃的；comfortable舒服的；valuable有價值的；fashionable時髦的；loveable可愛的。2) ful：名詞或動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“充滿的”。例如： beautiful漂亮的；successful成功的；wonderful精彩的；hopeful有希望的3) less：名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“沒有的”。例如：jobless無業(yè)的；homeless無家可歸的；helpless無助的4) ous：名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“具有性質(zhì)的”。例如： dangerous危險的；humorous幽默的5) er/-or動詞變?yōu)槊~，表示“的人/物”。例如： player選手；writer作家；driver駕駛員8. waste（1）用作動詞，表示“浪費”，用于 waste time (money) on/over sth，表示“在方面浪費時間（金錢）”。例如：I dont think we need waste much time on this. 我想我們不必在這上面浪費時間了。Dont waste any more time over it. 不要再在這上面浪費時間了。(2) 用于 waste time (money) (in, on) doing sth, 表示“浪費時間（金錢）做某事”。例如：She wasted her time and money (on) paying bribes. 她將時間和金錢浪費于賄賂。We wasted a whole afternoon (in) trying to repair the car. 我們浪費了整整一下午的時間想把汽車修理好。（3）waste 之后也可接除 time, money 之外的名詞作賓語。例如：Dont waste your efforts on helping him. 不要白費力氣去幫他。Im not going to waste any more words on the subject. 我不想在這個問題上多費唇舌了。詞匯精練I. 寫出相應(yīng)的新詞。(op.表示反義詞)1. final (adv.) _ 2. surprise(adj.) _3. hope(adj.) _4. polite(op.) _5. like (op.) _6. agree(op.) _7. useful (op.) _8. comfortable(op.) _II. 英漢詞組互譯。1. 扔掉_ 2. 對有好處_3. such as_ 4. 請求（幫助）_5. be worried about _ 6. 盡可能_7. divide into_ 8. 把變成 _III. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示完成下列單詞。1. Dont w_ too much time playing computer games or watching TV.2. Coins were s_ all over the floor. 3. We can pick up the waste paper for r_.4. To save some e_, we must do everything we can in our daily life.5. Something must be done to stop the factories p_ the air.6. Even the simplest everyday activities can _(減少) pollution.7. I think its _(必要的) for us to master a foreign language.8. My computer doesnt work. I have to get somebody to _(修理) it.9. We should _(關(guān)心) for our parents. Its the right thing for us to do.10. They are _(打架) over something.IV. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We are _(raise) money to the poor children.2. Though he is very young, he can still do something _(help).3. Its better to collect _(reuse) waste.4. Waste gas is _(harm) to the environment.5. Try _(call) him. Maybe he is at home now.6. She likes working in the field instead of _(stay) at home.7. It was such a _(wonder) movie that all of us enjoyed seeing it.8. Teachers told us to listen to them _(careful) in class.9. Our life becomes more convenient with these useful and famous _(invent).10. It is her daughters _(ill) that made her worried day and night.參考答案I. 寫出相應(yīng)的新詞。(op.表示反義詞)1. finally 2. surprising/ surprised 3. hopeful/hopeless 4. impolite 5. dislike6. disagree 7. useless 8. uncomfortableII. 英漢詞組互譯。1. throw away 2.be good for 3. 諸如，例如 4. ask for（the help） 5.擔(dān)心 6.asas possible 7. 把分成 8. changeintoIII. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示完成下列單詞。1. waste 2. spread 3. recycling 4. energy 5. polluting 6. reduce 7. necessary8. repair 9. care 10. fightingIV. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. raising 2. to help/helpful 3. reusable 4. harmful 5. calling 6. staying7. wonderful 8. carefully 9. inventions 10. illness句式精講1. when shopping and not ask for a plastic bag?ask for sth.“請求某事，要某物”，相當(dāng)于want sth.。 ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物或請求幫助”。例如： Please ask for help if you have some problems. 如果你有問題，請尋求幫助。 If you dont find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help. 如果你找不到去學(xué)校的路，請向警察求助?！就卣埂?(1) ask sb. sth. 表示“問某人某事”。例如： Can I ask you some questions? 我能問你一些問題嗎？ (2) ask sb. to do sth.“讓某人做某事”，其否定形式為ask sb. not to do sth.“讓某人不要做某事”。例如：I often ask him to help me with my housework. 我經(jīng)常讓他幫助我做家務(wù)。My mother asked me not to read in the sun.媽媽讓我不要在太陽下看書。 (3) ask sb. about sth.意為“詢問某人有關(guān)某事；向某人打聽某事”。例如： My father often calls me up and asks me about my study. 爸爸經(jīng)常給我打電話，詢問我的學(xué)習(xí)情況。2. Use things for as long as possible.as long as possible意為“（時間）盡可能長”，as as possible 意為“盡可能的”。as as 中間是形容詞或者副詞的原級。例如：I hope my marks would be as high as possible. 我希望我的分?jǐn)?shù)盡可能地高。He picked as many apples as possible in the apple garden. 他在果園摘了盡可能多的蘋果。3.use china cups and cloth bags because they can be used many times.（1）because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，是含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動詞be動詞的過去分詞。例如：The work can be finished in two days. 這件工作可以在兩天后完成。（2）它的否定形式是在情態(tài)動詞的后面加not。例如：Smoking cant be allowed in the classroom. 吸煙在教室里是不被允許的。（3）一般疑問句是把情態(tài)動詞提到句子開頭。例如：Can your work be finished today? 你的工作今天能完成嗎？4. We cannot hope for rapid change，butbut是連詞，意為“但是”，和and, or等一樣，可以用來連接兩個并列句。but連接兩個并列句時，表示前后意義的轉(zhuǎn)折；此時，but的前面要有逗號。例如：Im tidy, but she isnt. 我很整潔，但是她不是。【拓展】(1)作連詞，意為“但是，可是”。 例如： English may be hard, but it is the most important of all.英語雖然很難，但卻是最重要的?！咀⒁狻縝ut 不能與although或though 連用,因為它們是連詞,故不能同時出現(xiàn)在句子中。例如：雖然他是個孩子，但是卻懂得很多。Although he is only a child, but he knows a lot. ()Although he is only a child, he knows a lot.()He is only a child, but he knows a lot.()(2) 由but 構(gòu)成的幾個常用結(jié)構(gòu)：notbut 表示“不是而是”。例如： I meant not he but you should pay attention to pronunciation.我說不是他而是你要注意發(fā)音。not onlybut also表示“不但而且”。該結(jié)構(gòu)可以并列任何兩個句子成分，在并列兩個主語時，要注意謂語動詞與就近的主語一致。例如：Not only he but also I am interested in pop music. 不但他而且我也對流行歌曲感興趣。5. It takes energy to change something into something else.（1）take意為“消耗，用掉(時間、體力、金錢、燃料等)”， 常以it 作形式主語。例如：It only takes ten minutes to walk there. 走到那里只要十分鐘。Dont take too long over it. 別在這上頭花太多時間。（2）“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”意為“花費某人多長時間做某事”。例如：It took me two days to do the work. =The work took me two days. 做這工作花了我兩天時間. It takes me one hour to play basketball every day. 我每天花費一個小時的時間打籃球?！咀⒁狻吭凇癐t takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型中，take后面的sb.如果是代詞，要用代詞的賓格形式，sb.有時可以省略不寫。例如: It takes two hours to fly to Shanghai. 飛到上海需要兩個小時。句式精練I. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. It is not possible to clean up the river in two days. _ _ to clean up the river in two days.2. It is full of hope for the team to win the match. It _ _ for the team to win the match.3. You know the paper can be used again. You know the paper can _ _.4. We call hope that the project will be a success. We all hope that the project will _ _.5. Drinking polluted water is not healthy. Drinking polluted water _ _.II. 根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子，每空一詞。1. 記住要及時關(guān)燈以便盡可能地少用能源。Remember to _ _ lights in time so that you use as little energy_ _.2. 扔掉玻璃和紙是浪費的。It is wasteful _ _ _ glass and paper.3. 應(yīng)該阻止人們砍伐樹木。People should be _ _ _ down the trees.4. 雖然我們年級小，我們?nèi)阅転楸Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境做一些事情。_ we are young, we can still _ _to protect the environment.5. 保護(hù)環(huán)境和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)同樣重要。Protecting environment is _ _ _ developing economy.6. 如果你不做一些事情來拯救我們的世界，那么我們的未來將會是沒有希望的。If you dont do anything _ _ our world, our future will be _.7. 走到學(xué)校對你來說是不尋常的。Its _ for you _ _ _ _.8. 乘公交車去那兒花了我五分鐘。It_ me five minutes _ _there by bus?！癐II. 單句改錯( 每句只有一處) 。1. I love reading. Im a great read._2. We should stop the factories from pollute the river._3. Do you agree to me?_4. Be care! There are so many cars on the road._5. Its cold outside. Lets keep all the windows close._6. I hope you to get here on time._IV. 補(bǔ)全對話。 根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，將方框內(nèi)符合對話語境的句子抄寫在對話空白處，使對話恢復(fù)完整，選項中有兩項是多余的。A: Where did you go last weekend?B: 1 .A: But you told me you wouldnt go there. You said it was dirty. 2 B: Er, you know, I didnt want to go there first. But most of my friends went, so I went with them.A: I see. 3 B: I told the old people something interesting around us.A: 4 B: I had fun and felt happy.A: 5 Next time, Ill go with you.Thats great. How did you feel? Who did you go with?What did you do there? Thank you. I went to the old peoples home.Why did you go there then?參考答案I.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. Its impossible 2. is hopeful 3. be reused 4. be successful 5. is unhealthy II.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子，每空一詞。1. turn off; as possible 2. to throw away 3. prevented/ stopped/kept from cutting 4. Though/Although; do something 5. as important as 6. to save; hopeless 7. unusual; to walk to school 8. took; to getIII.單句改錯( 每句只有一處)。1. I love reading. Im a great reader.2. We should stop the factories from polluting the river.3. Do you agree with me?4. Be careful! There are so many cars on the road.5. Its cold outside. Lets keep all the windows closed.6. I hope you can get here on time.IV. 補(bǔ)全對話。1. I went to the old peoples home. 2. Why did you go there then?3. What did you do there? 4. How did you feel? 5. Thats great.