Module 7 Great books詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. work work作名詞，意為“著作，作品”，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： I like to read his works. 我喜歡讀他的著作?！就卣埂?（1）作名詞，意為“工作”，為不可數(shù)名詞。例如： I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 （2）作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“工作，干活”。例如： All of us should work hard. 我們所有人都應(yīng)該努力工作。 （3）作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“（機(jī)器、器官等）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，活動(dòng)”。例如： My brain doesnt work well today. 我的頭腦今天不太靈活。 （4）作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“起作用，奏效”。例如： The medicine is working, and he feels much better. 這藥起作用了，他感覺好多了。2. dead dead是動(dòng)詞die的形容詞形式，意為“死的”。die有多個(gè)變形詞：詞條詞性詞義所作成分用法dead形容詞死了的，無生命的表語、定語可以與段時(shí)間連用die動(dòng)詞死，死亡謂語不能與段時(shí)間連用death名詞死亡，去世主語、賓語dying形容詞垂死的，即將死去的表語、定語例如： The tree has been dead for ten years. 這棵樹死了10年了。 She looked at her dead cat sadly. 她傷心地看著她死去的貓。 My grandpa died two years ago. 我爺爺兩年前去世了。 The fish will die without water. 魚離開水會(huì)死去。 Car accidents have caused a lot of deaths. 車禍造成很多人死亡。 The doctors have saved the dying man. 醫(yī)生們救活了那個(gè)垂死的人。3. alivealive常作表語或后置定語，意為“有生命的，活的”。例如：He was alive when they took him to the hospital.人們把他送到醫(yī)院時(shí)他還活著。He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是這次事故中唯一活著的人?！就卣埂縧ively, live與living（1）lively作形容詞，“充滿活力的，活潑的，有生氣的”，常用作定語或表語。例如：She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是個(gè)充滿活力的年輕女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。（2）live作定語，“活的，有生命的（主要用來指鳥或其他動(dòng)物）；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的，直播的”。例如：Look! These is a live fish in the pool.看！池子里有一條活魚。We watched a live television show. 我們觀看了一場(chǎng)電視現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的表演。（3）living意為“活的，健在的”。例如：His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爺爺96歲了，仍然健在。4. sense（1）sense作“意義”、“意思”解釋時(shí)，與meaning是同義，是可數(shù)名詞。例如：The word “make” has many senses. make這個(gè)單詞有許多意思。（2）作“官能”解時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。例如：The five senses are sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. 五種感官是視、聽、嗅、味、觸。例如：A dog has a keen sense of smell. 狗的嗅覺很靈敏。（3）作“感覺”解時(shí)，多用作單數(shù)，并與a 連用。例如：When you touch ice, you have a sense of coldness. 當(dāng)你觸摸冰的時(shí)候，你有一種寒冷的感覺。（4）可用sense來表示某種“感”，如幽默感、正義感、責(zé)任感等，這時(shí)在sense前加不定冠詞。例如：a sense of justice正義感；a sense of duty 責(zé)任感；a sense of humor幽默感；a sense of beauty 美感；a sense of safety 安全感； a sense of friendship 友好感（5）make sense of 意為“理解、弄懂的意思”。例如：Can you make sense of her letter? 你能弄懂這封信的意思嗎？5. by the wayby the way意為“順便說一聲”。例如：By the way，have you seen Harry recently？順便說一句，你最近見過哈里嗎？【拓展】和way相關(guān)的其他常見短語：（1）in the way有“擋路”的意思，還有“用這種方法”的意思。例如：Sorry, you are in the way. 對(duì)不起，你擋路了。In this way，he has collected a great many stamps.用這種方法他收集了大量的郵票。（2）on the way 意為“在去某地的路上”。 例如：On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate.在去車站的路上我買了些巧克力。（3）in a way意為“從某種意義上說”。例如：Ina way，it is an important book.在某種意義上，這是一本重要的書。6. escape （1）escape作不及物動(dòng)詞，其后可接介詞from/out of 表示“從漏出/逸出；從逃脫”。 常見用法如下：1）表示從具體的某一場(chǎng)所逃走。 例如： They escaped from the burning house。他們從著火的房子里逃了出來。 2）表示液體或氣體等漏出或泄漏。 例如：Some gas is escaping from the pipe. 煤氣管在漏氣。 3）表示從監(jiān)禁或管制等狀態(tài)中逃脫或逃走。例如： A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一只獅子從籠子里逃走了。 （2）escape作及物動(dòng)詞，其后無需接介詞from或其它介詞。例如：Nothing escaped his attention. 任何東西逃不過他的注意。 He tried to escape punishment. 他設(shè)法躲避懲罰。 7. influence （1）influence 作名詞，意為“影響作用；有影響的人/物”。既可當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞。常用短語have an influence on sb. / sth. 意為“對(duì)有影響”。例如： She used her influence with the chairman to get me the job. 她利用對(duì)主席的影響使我得到了這份工作。Gayes mother said I had a bad influence on her daughter. 蓋伊的母親說我對(duì)她的女兒產(chǎn)生了壞的影響。（2）influence作動(dòng)詞，意為“影響；起作用”。例如： Dont let me influence your decision. 別讓我影響你的決定。8. every dayeveryday （1）every day 意為“每天”，是時(shí)間狀語，可以用在句子的開頭，也可以用在句子的結(jié)尾表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：Do you drink milk every day？你每天都喝牛奶嗎？（2）everyday是形容詞，它的意思是“每日的，日常的”，它在句子中可以作定語，也可以作表語。例如：Do you often speak everyday English? 你經(jīng)常說日常英語嗎？詞匯精練I. 英漢互譯。1. make sense_ 2. 順便說一下_ 3. as well _4. for a time _ 5. 嘲笑_ 6. escape from _ 7. 長(zhǎng)大 _ 8. 考慮_ 9. get lost_ 10. pay for_II. 根據(jù)所給漢語或首字母提示完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。 1. The book is written in e_ English. 2. The newspaper gives a _ (評(píng)論) of the new book.3. What is the i_ of television on children?4. A great scholar is not always a very _(睿智的)man.5. Our relationship made me feel more a_.6. Mark Twain is my favourite w_.7. On that cold night they found the cat d_ in the snow.8. The family life in England is s_ to that in Australia.9. Their family moved to a _ (南部的) city because it is warm in winter there.10. Confucius is great t_.III. 用方框中所給詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。run away; be pleased; punish; grow up; be surprised; get lost1. His parents _ him for stealing money last year.2. The little girl might _. Her parents were looking for her.3. I want to be a doctor when I_.4. The thief stole a bike and _ at once.5. I _ to meet my friends because we havent seen each other for 3 years.6. He _ at the news.IV. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Today lots of man-made satellites _(send) up into space.2. Little hero, Lin Haos name _(remember) by all Chinese people.3. Vegetables, eggs and fruits _(sell) in this shop.4. The flowers _(water) by Lingling every day.5. These kinds of machines _(make) in Shanghai.6. English _(learn) as the second language by most student in China.參考答案I. 英漢互譯。 1. 有意義，合理 2. by the way 3. 也 4. 短時(shí)間內(nèi)，一度 5. laugh at 6. 從中逃脫 7. grow up 8. think about 9. 丟失，迷路 10. 為付出代價(jià)/付款I(lǐng)I. 根據(jù)所給漢語或首字母提示完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。 1. everyday 2. review 3. influence 4. wise 5. alive6. writer 7. dead 8. similar 9. southern 10. thinkerIII. 用方框中所給詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. punished 2. got lost 3. grow up 4. ran away 5. am pleased 6. was surprised IV. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. are sent 2. is remembered 3. are sold 4. are watered 5. are made 6. is learned句式精講1. but I suppose he isnt as well-known as Confucius or Shakespeare. （1）動(dòng)詞suppose意為“猜想、假設(shè)”，suppose后接后面用that從句，that可以省略。例如：I suppose he is not yet twenty. 我猜想他不到二十歲。（2）be supposed to后面用動(dòng)詞原形，表示“被期望做某事、應(yīng)該做某事”，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。例如：You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners. 你應(yīng)該跟這些外賓打招呼?！就卣埂浚?）當(dāng)句子的主語是人的時(shí)候，be supposed to表示“應(yīng)該做某事、被期望做某事”，經(jīng)常用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)和責(zé)任等。這里be supposed to相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。例如： You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom. 如果你要離開教室，應(yīng)該先問一問我們的老師。（2）當(dāng)句子的主語是物的時(shí)候，be supposed to表示“本應(yīng)該”的意思，經(jīng)常用來表示某事物本應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生。例如： The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 這個(gè)會(huì)議本應(yīng)該在星期二舉行，但我們不得不把他推遲了。（3）短語be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth，表示“命令和禁止”，意為“不應(yīng)該做某事”。例如：You are not supposed to talk loudly in class. 你不應(yīng)該在課堂上大聲交談。（4） be supposed to的后面接have+過去分詞，表示“本應(yīng)該做完的事情而沒有做完”。 例如：My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 我的媽媽應(yīng)該一個(gè)小時(shí)前就到了。2. I see, well, I think she is a good student as well as a good player. （1）as.as意為“和一樣”，表示同級(jí)的比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如： This film is as interesting as that one.這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。 Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的鋼筆書寫起來和我的一樣流暢。 其否定式為not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如： This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.這本字典不如你想象的那樣有用。 若有修飾成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，則須置于第一個(gè)as之前。例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的貴一倍。 （2）幾個(gè)關(guān)于as.as的常見句型： 1） as.as possible 意為“盡可能”。例如： Please answer my question as soon as possible. 請(qǐng)盡快回答我的問題。 2）as well as 意為“也，又”。例如： She cooks as well as her mother does. 她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。 3）as long as 除了表示“像一樣長(zhǎng)”，還可以意為“只要，如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。例如： It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我們花了長(zhǎng)達(dá)三年的時(shí)間才完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock. 你可以出去, 只要你答應(yīng)在11點(diǎn)以前回來。 4）as far as 意為“直到為止”。例如： He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火車站。 3. Everyone is surprised to see him but theyre also pleased to see him alive. surprised和pleased都是表達(dá)情感類的形容詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，需要用加to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：The actor is excited to hear the long-lasting applause. 聽到觀眾持久的掌聲，這個(gè)演員很奮。Im very glad to tell you something about places of interest in our country.我很高興告訴你一些有關(guān)我們國(guó)家的名勝古跡的事?！就卣埂?surprised和surprising的辨析：（1）surprised 是形容詞，意為“吃驚的，感到驚訝的”，句子的主語通常是人。例如：Im surprised at the accident. 我對(duì)這起事故感到很吃驚。How surprised the students are! 學(xué)生們是多么吃驚?。。?）surprising也是形容詞，意為“吃驚的，令人驚訝的”，常修飾物。例如：He told me something surprising. 他告訴我一些令人吃驚的事情。4. Why dont you join in the discussion and tell us about it? Why dont you? / Why not? 意為“為什么不呢？”是常見的提建議的一個(gè)句式。例如： Why dont you go swimming? = Why not go swimming? 為什么不去游泳呢？ 【拓展】其他常見的提建議的句式： 幾種提建議的方法：（1）直接建議：Lets + 動(dòng)詞原形 例如： Lets help them carry the box. 我們幫他們搬箱子吧。（2）委婉性建議：Shall we + 動(dòng)詞原形？ 例如： Shall we go and play football? 我們?nèi)ヌ咦闱蚝脝?？?）責(zé)備性建議： Why dont you + 動(dòng)詞原形？/ Why not + 動(dòng)詞原形？ 例如： Why dont you come a little earlier? = Why not come a little earlier? （你）為什么不早點(diǎn)來呢？（4）勸說性建議：Youd better (not) + 動(dòng)詞原形 例如： Youd better stay at home. 你最好待在家里。 Youd better not leave now. 你最好別現(xiàn)在離開。（5）請(qǐng)求性建議：Would you like + 名詞/動(dòng)詞不定式 例如： Would you like another mooncake? 你再來一個(gè)月餅怎么樣？ Would you like to come to my home for dinner tonight? 今晚你愿意來我家吃飯嗎？ （6）征求性建議：What/How about + 名詞/代詞/動(dòng)詞-ing形式？ 例如： What about 5:00 tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午5點(diǎn)怎么樣？ How about going swimming? 去游泳怎么樣？5. when they see their family and neighbours coming to their funeral in the church.see sb./sth. doing sth. 意為“看到正在做某事”，表示看到的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行。see sb./sth. do sth. 意為“看見做某事了”，通常是指看到動(dòng)作的全過程或者強(qiáng)調(diào)某事經(jīng)常發(fā)生。例如：例如：I saw Li Ming playing near the river on my way home yesterday.昨天在我回家路上，我看見李明正在河邊玩兒。 I often see Li Ming play neat the river on my way home yesterday. 我經(jīng)常在回家的路上看見李明在河邊玩兒?！咀⒁狻科渌泄賱?dòng)詞，如look（看），watch（看，觀察），notice（注意到），hear（聽見），listen（聽）等，也有類似用法，即表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)；表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，后接-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。句式精練I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。1. The baby stopped crying and listened to music. (改為同義句) The baby _ cry _ _ and listened to music.2. Lucy often gives me a present on my birthday. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) A present _ often _ to me by Lucy on my birthday.3. Jane looks after the cat every day. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The cat _ _ _ _ Jane every day.4. Children love these pictures. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) These pictures _ _ _ children.5. She is usually seen by us in the morning. (改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)) We usually _ _ in the morning.6. Why dont you go to the zoo with me? (改為同義句) 7. French and English are spoken in Canada. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) _ _ French and English_? 8. The jacket is made of cotton. (變?yōu)榉穸ň? The jacket _ _ of cotton.9. Most of the farm work is done by machine I the USA. (改為一般疑問句) _ most of the farm work _ by machine in the USA?10. Tom passes me a book. （改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）A book _ _ to me by Tom.I _ _ a book by Tom.II. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。1. 你本應(yīng)該兩點(diǎn)就到的。You _ _ _ _at two oclock.2. 我們?nèi)匀皇芸鬃铀枷氲挠绊?。Were still _ _ Confucius thoughts.3. 地球上有數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的生物。 There are _ _ living things on the earth.4. 她決定長(zhǎng)大后做一名教師。 She _ _ be a teacher when she _ _.5. 我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，他對(duì)這個(gè)科目竟一無所知。 I _ _ _ find that he knew nothing about the subject.6. 在學(xué)校，做一名新生是不容易的。Its not _ _ _ a new student at school.7. 凱特經(jīng)?？匆娂吩谧闱驁?chǎng)上踢足球。 Kate often _Jim _ football in the football field8. 那個(gè)英雄死于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。 The hero _ _the second world war. 9. 他有一種奇妙的方法，使他的課堂生動(dòng)有趣。He had a strange way of _ his class _ _ _.10. 我妹妹的臥室不如我的臥室大。 My sisters bedroom _ _ _ _ mine.III. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。 閱讀下面對(duì)話，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)木渥友a(bǔ)全對(duì)話（其中有兩項(xiàng)是多余的）。A：Dad, we were told to collect some information about Fuzhou Subway. 1 B：Sure. Its reported that Subway Line 1 will have its test run at the end of this year.A：Great! 2 B：It has a total length of 29.2 kilometers.A：How many stations are there?B： 3 And it connects four main areas of the city from the north to the south.A：Then how about the ticket price?B：Well, it still remains unknown. 4 A：Hope not. 5 A. How long is it?B. When will it be put into use?C. It covers 24 stations.D. But I hope the ticket wont be expensive.E. Would you please tell me something about it?F. Does it cover many stations?G. Im looking forward to taking the subway to school!參考答案I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。1. didnt; any more 2. is; given 3. is looked after by 4. are loved by 5. see her6. Why not go to the zoo with me? 7. Where are, spoken 8. isnt made 9. Is, done10. is passed, am passedII. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。1. were supposed to arrive 2. influenced by 3. millions of 4. decides to; grows up 5. was surprised to 6. easy to be 7. sees, play 8. died in 9. making; lively and interesting 10. isnt so/as big asIII. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。 1. E 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. G