定語從句定語從句知識(shí)精講一、定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，既起到連接作用，又在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成份?？偨Y(jié)定語從句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。一、關(guān)系代詞1. 關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語，基本用法如下表：關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句who主語/賓語人This is the boy who often helps me. 這就是幫我的那個(gè)男孩。I happened to meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. 昨天在購(gòu)物中心，我碰巧遇到了那位我在一次聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)的教授。whom賓語人The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.你等那個(gè)人已經(jīng)回家了。that主語/賓語人或物This is the pen that writes well. 這是那支很好寫的筆。This is the pen that you want. 這是你想要的鋼筆。The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Fujian. 在為我們隊(duì)踢足球的最高哪個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員來自福建。which主語/賓語物The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.有個(gè)機(jī)器的房間是車間。The river which is in front of my house is very clean.從我家前面流過的河流非常清澈。whose定語人或物The room whose door is blue is mine.藍(lán)色房門的那個(gè)房間是我的房間。注意：一般情況下，that既可以指人又可以指物，可以代替who, whom和which，在句子中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語；which指物，在從句中也做主語，賓語或表語，所以which和that在指物時(shí)，大多時(shí)候可以互換，如：This is the movie that I like best.=This is the movie which I like best.這就是我最喜歡的電影。2. 關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略，但若關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語，且介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，不能省略，如：Ill never forget the day that we spent together.我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記與你共度的時(shí)光。（可省略）Ill never forget the day on which we met each other.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們初次見面那一天。（不可省）二、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句when狀語時(shí)間Ill never forget the day when I met you for the first time.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記初次見你的那一天。where狀語地點(diǎn)This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.這就是我們住了五年的地方。why狀語原因I dont know the reason why he was late. 我不知道他遲到的原因。注意：與關(guān)系代詞不同，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，狀語并不是句子必須成分，所以即使沒有關(guān)系副詞，從句的內(nèi)容也完整。這是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞最大的不同，也是我們選題的關(guān)鍵。同時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞大多可以拆分成介詞+which的形式，如：This is the house where Luxun once lived.=This is the house in which Luxun once lived.這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。三點(diǎn)剖析一、重難點(diǎn)：定語從句考查形式比較單一，單選一般考關(guān)系詞的選擇，按照上表，我們很容易根據(jù)先行詞判斷出關(guān)系詞選誰最合適。高中會(huì)系統(tǒng)講解定語從句，所以我們?cè)诔踔须A段還要了解從句中的各個(gè)成分，為之后的學(xué)習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。二、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：前文我們提到若先行詞為物，關(guān)系詞可以用that或which，而且大多數(shù)可以互換。但以下幾種情況，必須用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句：1. 先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如：All that we have to do is to practice English.我們要做的事情就是去練習(xí)英語。2. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept.我收到他的第一封信將會(huì)被保存起來。3. 先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾，如：Ive eaten up all the food that you gave me.我把你給我的所有事物都吃光了。4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)，如：He is the only person that I want to talk with.他是我唯一想與之交談的人。5. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，如:They talked about persons and things that they met.他們談?wù)摿怂麄円姷降娜撕褪隆ｎ}模精選題模一：關(guān)系代詞例1.1.1 -What shall we do next?-Take the advice _ is given by Dr. Bloch.A whoB whichC whoseD whom例1.1.2 The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited.A whoB whenC thatD where例1.1.3 完成句子1. 你有什么要對(duì)自己說的嗎？Do you have _ _ you want to say for yourself?2. 這是我父親曾經(jīng)住過的房子。This is a house in _ my father once lived.題模二：關(guān)系副詞例1.2.1 This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago.A whereB whenC thatD which例1.2.2 Do you remember the days _ we spent in Sanya?A whenB thatC whatD where例1.2.3 完成句子你知道他缺席的原因嗎？Do you know the reason _ he is absent?隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1 The second book _ I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought.A whichB whatC thatD as隨練1.2 The book_ is sold out at the moment.A you needB what you needC which you need itD that you need it隨練1.3 完成句子1. 人們都喜歡那些有禮貌的人。People all like those _ have good manners.2. 這是我障礙尋找的那本書。This is the book _ Im looking for.3. 這是我看過的最有趣的電影。This is _ _ interesting _ _ Ive ever seen.4. 我還記得第一次來北京的那一天。I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.5. 你能告訴我他上班的辦公室嗎？Can you tell me the office _ he works?隨練1.4 Ill never forget the days _ I stayed with you.A whenB in whichC thatD for which隨練1.5 Is this the place _ Lincoln once lived.A thatB whichC whereD when自我總結(jié)課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1 -Do you know the man _ is talking with your father?-Yes, hes our headmaster.A heB whoC whichD whom作業(yè)2 Is this the river _ I can swim?A whichB in whichC thatD the one作業(yè)3 This is the best hotel in the city _ I know.A whereB whichC thatD it作業(yè)4 Her sister, _ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A whomB thatC whichD who is作業(yè)5 These books are for students _ mother language is not English.A of whomB thatC whichD whose作業(yè)6 完成句子1. 有一些想去海南度假的人。There are some people _ want to have a holiday in Hainan.2. 剛才天空中一閃而過的是什么？Whats that _ flashed in the sky just now.3. 這是去武漢的最后一趟火車。The train is _ _ _ will go to Wuhan.4. 我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記我在北京度過的那些日子。Ill never forget the days _ I spent in Beijing.5. 中國(guó)是風(fēng)箏的故鄉(xiāng)，從這里放風(fēng)箏傳到了日本、朝鮮、泰國(guó)和印度。China is the birthplace of kites, from _ kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.答案解析定語從句題模精選題模一：關(guān)系代詞例1.1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞選擇。先行詞為advice，排除AD；又從句缺主語而不是定語，故選B。例1.1.2【答案】C【解析】 考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞選擇。首先根據(jù)從句缺少賓語，所以要選擇關(guān)系代詞作賓語，又先行詞被best修飾，故選C。例1.1.3【答案】 1. something; that2. which【解析】 1. 考查定語從句先行詞和關(guān)系詞。這里對(duì)自己說話的內(nèi)容不確定，所以要用something做先行詞，那么關(guān)系詞一定要用that。2. 考查關(guān)系代詞選擇。先行詞為house，應(yīng)該用which或that；又跟在介詞后，只能用which。題模二：關(guān)系副詞例1.2.1【答案】A【解析】 考查關(guān)系副詞的選擇。從句是完整的句子，選關(guān)系副詞，排除CD；又先行詞為primary school為地點(diǎn)，故選A。例1.2.2【答案】B【解析】 考查關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞區(qū)分。雖然先行詞為時(shí)間，但并不一定選when，我們看到從句中缺少spent的賓語，故選B。例1.2.3【答案】 why【解析】 考查關(guān)系副詞的選擇。從句句子完整，要填關(guān)系副詞，又先行詞為reason，所以填why。隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1【答案】C【解析】 考查關(guān)系代詞的選擇。先行詞book被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，故選C。隨練1.2【答案】A【解析】 考查定語從句的運(yùn)用。定語從句關(guān)系詞中沒有what，首先排除B；CD中的it多余，故選A。隨練1.3【答案】 1. who2. that/which3. the most; movie that4. when5. where【解析】 1. 考查關(guān)系代詞。從句缺少主語，再結(jié)合語境，此處those指那些人，所以填who。2. 考查關(guān)系代詞。從句缺少賓語，需要關(guān)系代詞；又先行詞為book，所以填which和that都可以。3. 考查關(guān)系代詞。最高級(jí)修飾只能用that。4. 考查關(guān)系副詞。從句成分完整，填關(guān)系副詞，先行詞為day表時(shí)間，故填when。5. 考查關(guān)系副詞。從句中動(dòng)詞為work，為不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不缺賓語，用關(guān)系副詞；又先行詞為office，表地點(diǎn)，故填where。隨練1.4【答案】A【解析】 考查關(guān)系副詞的選擇。本題從句完整，要選關(guān)系副詞；先行詞指時(shí)間，故選 A。隨練1.5【答案】C【解析】 考查關(guān)系副詞的選擇。live一詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接跟賓語，所以要選關(guān)系副詞，排除AB；又本題先行詞為地點(diǎn)，故選 C。作業(yè)1【答案】B【解析】 考查關(guān)系代詞的選擇。從句缺主語，選關(guān)系代詞；又先行詞是人，故選B。作業(yè)2【答案】B【解析】 考查關(guān)系代詞的選擇。從句為完整句子，要選關(guān)系副詞，選項(xiàng)中沒有關(guān)系副詞，B選項(xiàng)表示“在河里”能夠表達(dá)相同的意思，故選B。作業(yè)3【答案】C【解析】 考查關(guān)系代詞的選擇。從句缺少賓語，選關(guān)系代詞，排除AD；又先行詞被最高級(jí)best修飾，故選C。作業(yè)4【答案】A【解析】 考查關(guān)系代詞的選擇。本句先行詞為人，且在從句中作賓語，用whom，故選A。作業(yè)5【答案】D【解析】 考查關(guān)系代詞的選擇。whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，whose用作定語，表示“誰的”，符合題意，故選D。作業(yè)6【答案】 1. who2. which3. the last one that4. that5. which【解析】 1. 考查關(guān)系代詞。從句缺主語，選關(guān)系代詞；又先行詞是人，所以用who。2. 考查關(guān)系代詞。從句缺少主語，先行詞為物，用that和which都可以；又先行詞為that，避免重復(fù)造成歧義，所以填which。3. 考查關(guān)系代詞。先行詞中包含last的物，只能用that。4. 考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)分。從句spent明顯缺少賓語，所以盡管先行詞是時(shí)間，當(dāng)做事物看待，故填that。5. 考查關(guān)系代詞。介詞后只能用which來指代先行詞。