Unit 3 Inventors and inventions*閱讀理解。Taylore is a kid who passes by to ride sometimes and help us with chores. Barely 15, shes never short of advice, and one of her favorite pastimes is teasing me about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.Last summer four of us rode down the trail behind our woods: my wife Karen, Taylore, Taylores friend Kendall and me. I was riding my 13-year-old, Tawny.We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop（飛馳）. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.Taylore brushed past my left leg and, seconds later, Kendall went by on my right. I realized Tawny was covering ground faster than Id ever seen her. She strained every muscle in her body to catch up with the girls. It was like a truck winding over a mountain road without brakes (閘). Part of me felt perfectly in control, while another part screamed that I wasnt.In half a mile I knew wed be crossing the highway, so I prayed that the girls would be fine. I gave up calculating how long it might take before my horse would be tried enough to want to slow down.I was just about out of answers when I saw the girls slowing in front of me. Their horses were relaxed and fortable, not even breathing hard. Taylores face glowed. She gave me a high five. Wow, you did well, she said. I knew youd go fast when you were ready.No one in the group had even broken a sweat, except me. I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Karen claims I was showing off for the girls that day, and maybe shes right. But I think I had something to prove. Because despite my wrinkles (皺紋), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart. And, like a horse on a warm summer day, Im always ready to kick up my heels.1. How did the race between the girls and the author begin?A. His horses gallop made the other horses want to catch up.B. He wanted to show off his riding skills for the girls.C. They wanted to know whose horse could run fastest.D. They teased him about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.2. During the race, _.A. the authors horse outran the girls horses the whole timeB. the author was confident that Tawny was in controlC. the girls were so anxious to win that they sweated a lotD. the authors good performance took Taylore by surprise3. When the race ended, the authors heart pounded because _.A. he was feeling thrilled and youngB. it was really tough exercise for himC. he was worried that the girls might be in dangerD. he felt quite embarrassed that he had lost the race4. The phrase kick up my heels at the end can be replaced by _.A. devote myselfB. enjoy myselfC. accept my challengeD. take part in running petition【語篇解析】文章描述作者和兩個(gè)女孩騎馬比賽，這讓作者感到興奮，也感到雖然自己上了年紀(jì)，但是有一顆年輕的心。1. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop(飛馳). The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.可知，作者的馬飛馳起來使得其它馬想要趕上。故選A。2. D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的句子Taylores face glowed. She gave me a high five. Wow, you did well, she said.I knew youd go fast when you were ready.可知，作者的出色的表現(xiàn)讓Taylore很驚訝。故選D。4. B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子like a horse on a warm summer day,可知，作者感覺自己像溫暖夏日的馬，總是準(zhǔn)備好享受一番。故選B。*語法填空。They survive in some of the coldest environments in the worldbut even penguins appreciate a warm woolly jumper (套頭毛衣) once in a while.The mini knitted garments have helped save hundreds of flightless birds caught _1_oil leaks, providing protection from the elements and stopping them from swallowing _2_(poison) pollution.Knits for Nature, a program run by the Penguin Foundation, _3_ conserves the little penguin population of Phillip Island, 140 km southeast of Melbourne, _4_(create) up to 300 different designs over the yearsand it is all thanks to talented volunteers. “Theres a lot of _5_ (hide) creativity out there，” said Lyn Blom, of Phillip Island Nature Park.“People love to know that theyre helping the penguins _6_ theyre so cute and small and they waddle up the beach and theyre so strong. But they need to be, for they live in _7_pretty tough sort of environment.”A thumbnailsized patch of oil can kill little penguins, the _8_ (small) of the species, measuring just 13 inches (33 cm) and weighing 2.2 lbs (1kg). The oil separates and mats their feathers, breaking natural waterproof and heating functions.Ms Blom estimates _9_she has knitted between 200 and 300 penguin jumpers over the years, including _10_in the colours of every Australian football team in the country.1_2._3._4._5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Ms Blom編織的迷你毛衣成功拯救了數(shù)百只企鵝，能防止它們接觸到石油中的微量元素，甚至誤食有毒的污染物。1in 考查介詞。這里是“be caught in”的固定搭配，意思為“被困于中”。文中是過去分詞短語作定語修飾flightless birds。2poisonous 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。poisonous作為形容詞修飾其后面的名詞。3which 考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞the Penguin Foundation，并在從句中作主語，故用which。4has created 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“over the years”可知這里用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，句子的主語是一個(gè)名為Knits for Nature的項(xiàng)目，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。5hidden 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。creativity是名詞，其前要用形容詞修飾，動(dòng)詞hide與creativity之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。此處為過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞作定語。6because 考查連詞?！皌heyre so cute and small and they waddle up the beach and theyre so strong”是“People love to know that theyre helping the penguins”的原因，故用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。7a 考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，且pretty的讀音是以輔音音素開頭的，故用a。a pretty tough sort of environment表示的是“一種相當(dāng)惡劣的環(huán)境”。8smallest 考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)上下文語境和空前的the可知這里應(yīng)該用最高級(jí)。9that 考查賓語從句的連接詞。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句作estimates的賓語，賓語從句中句意和成分完整，故用that。10those考查代詞。those指代前面所說的penguin jumpers。*完形填空。There was once a widow who had two daughters.The _1_ widow loved the elder who was like herself both in looks and personality，but didnt love the other，who resembled her _2_，although she was pretty and friendly.The younger daughter had to _3_ hard all day and live upon the leftovers of her elder sister.Among her other _4_ jobs，she was forced to carry water every day _5_.One day _6_ she had just filled her pot at the fountain，an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water.Glad to show a kindness to the old woman，she _7_.Now，all of a sudden，there was no old trembling woman but a(n)_8_ who rewarded good deeds before her.“Your face is pretty _9_ your heart is gentle，” said she.“For your kindness，I will make you a gift.Every time you speak，from your mouth shall e a flower or a jewel.”When the girl reached home，her ill mother _10_ her for her long absence.“Pardon me for being away so long，” she replied.As she spoke some pearls and diamonds dropped from her _11_.“What is this I see，child？” asked the _12_ widow.The poor girl was so happy to be _13_ child by her mother that she eagerly told her mother about her _14_ with the old woman at the fountain.The widow immediately _15_ her favorite daughter to do as the _16_ girl had done.When the impatient girl was filling the pot with water at the _17_，a beautiful lady appeared and _18_ a drink of water from the girl.“I have not e here to serve you，” she _19_ replied.The lady，who was the fairy，said，“I will make you a gift to _20_ your rudeness.Every time you speak，from your mouth shall e a snake or a toad(蟾蜍)”1A.goodtempered BbadtemperedCkind Dbeautiful2A.daughter BteacherCmother Dfather3A.plain BplayCwork Dstudy4A.easy BhardCinteresting Dboring5A.within reachBwith easeCwithout hesitationDfrom a great distance6A.when BwhileConce Dbefore7A.hesitated BagreedCleft Dargued8A.boy Bold womanCold man Dfairy9A.although BbutCwhile Dand10A.scolded BpraisedCthanked Dforgave11A.waist BhairClips Dhands12A.amused BinterestedCastonished Dfrightened13A.awarded BcalledCshowed Dtaught14A.difficulty BthoughtCexperiment Dexperience15A.advised BgotCforced Dinvited16A.slim BtallCelder Dpoor17A.river BpoolCfountain Dwell18A.asked for Basked ofCasked about Dasked after19A.rudely BjokinglyCproudly Dhurriedly20A.deserve BfaceCequal Drepay【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了兩個(gè)性格和外表不同的姐妹對給予他人幫助的不同反應(yīng)及她們得到的相應(yīng)的結(jié)果，彰顯了善有善報(bào)的道理。1B根據(jù)下文中的“her ill mother”并結(jié)合下文她訓(xùn)斥小女兒可推知，她脾氣不好。2D根據(jù)語境中的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處與“herself”形成對比。小女兒不像她而是像父親。3C根據(jù)下文中的“Among her other _4_ jobs，she was forced to carry water every day _5_”并結(jié)合“l(fā)ive upon the leftovers of her elder sister”可推知，小女兒整天要做許多工作，靠吃姐姐的剩飯菜生活。4B根據(jù)上文中的“The younger daughter had to _3_ hard all day”可推知，小女兒的工作都很辛苦，很累人。5D根據(jù)本段的整體內(nèi)容可知，小女兒過得很艱難。由“she was forced to carry water every day”可推知，小女兒還得每天從很遠(yuǎn)的地方挑水，這與其艱難的生活境況呼應(yīng)。6A此處應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，修飾先行詞One day。7B根據(jù)空前的“Glad to show a kindness to the old woman”可推知，小女兒答應(yīng)了老婦人的請求。8D根據(jù)下文的“The lady，who was the fairy”可推知，老婦人是仙女變過來的。9D根據(jù)語境可知，空處前后句表示邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，故選D。10A與“her ill mother”和“her long absence”呼應(yīng)并結(jié)合下文小女兒的道歉可知，此處表示小女兒受到母親的訓(xùn)斥。11C根據(jù)上文中的“Every time you speak，from your mouth shall e a flower or a jewel”可知，小女兒以后說話會(huì)口吐花兒或者寶石，故選C。lip“嘴唇”，符合語境。12C小女兒突然口吐珍珠和寶石，她的母親自然很吃驚。astonished“吃驚的”。13B根據(jù)上文中的“What is this I see，child”可推知，寡婦很震驚，對小女兒的態(tài)度突然轉(zhuǎn)變，柔和了很多，稱她為“孩子”。14D小女兒迫切地將自己遇到仙女的經(jīng)歷告訴了母親。experience“經(jīng)歷”。15Bget sb.to do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，符合語境。16D與上文中的“The poor girl”呼應(yīng)可推知，這里指可憐的小女兒。17C 與上文中的“One day _6_ she had just filled her pot at the fountain”呼應(yīng)可推知，大女兒也來到噴泉那里。18A 與上文中的“an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water”呼應(yīng)可推知，一個(gè)漂亮的女士向大女兒討水喝。19A與下文中的“your rudeness”呼應(yīng)可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)大女兒舉止很粗魯，與上文的“the impatient girl”呼應(yīng)，故選A。20C結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示仙女要送給大女兒一份與她的粗魯相匹配的禮物。equal“比得上”。*短文改錯(cuò)。School English Drama Club was selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story writing by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, that is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall in May 20th, 2018.Any student at our school who meets with the following criteria will be offered a chance to bee an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and interested performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More important, he or she should have read the short story and is familiar with the whole story.Thank you for your attentions.答案：School English Drama Club selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall May 20th, 2018.Any student at our school who meets the following criteria will be offered a chance to bee an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More ， he or she should have read the short story and familiar with the whole story.Thank you for your .難項(xiàng)分析：第三處：writingwritten考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。write與story之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處需用過去分詞作后置定語，表示“由Mark Twain所著/所寫”。第四處：thatwhich考查非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞The selection。注意：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。第九處：isbe考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分均位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后，需用動(dòng)詞原形，故此處改為be。*