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選修8　Unit 1　A land of diversity 一、閱讀理解 A About three decades ago, China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”. But the twowheel way of transports popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered petitors. But recent months have seen a revival of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing to cycle instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bikesharing systems has brought the trend to a new level. People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones. The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “l(fā)ast mile problem”， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey. However, the systems have also led to problems such as illegal parking, damage and theft. Last month, two nurses in Beijing were placed under arrest for five days for putting locks on two shared bikes. “Bikesharing is a greener method of transport and provides a userfriendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, viceminister of transport. “But its a bination of online and offline business. Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience, which causes problems.” Now, Chinese service operators are trying to handle these problems. For example, a bikesharing pany called Mobike sets a 100point credit score for each user, with points taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5－1 yuan. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了近期共享單車(chē)在中國(guó)流行的原因、所遇到的問(wèn)題及解決辦法。 【難句分析】Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “l(fā)ast mile problem”， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey.(第三段第三句) 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中“which refers to the final leg of a persons journey”為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明先行詞the “l(fā)ast mile problem”。 譯文：它們?cè)谠S多中國(guó)人中很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗鼈優(yōu)椤白詈笠挥⒗锏膯?wèn)題”提供了有效的解決方案，這一問(wèn)題指的是一個(gè)人的旅程的最后一段。 1. The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．survival B．recovery C．existence D．popularity 答案與解析：B考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“But the twowheel way of transports popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered petitors.”可知，這種兩個(gè)輪子的交通工具的受歡迎程度開(kāi)始下降，許多自行車(chē)很快被使用燃料驅(qū)動(dòng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手取代；根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“But recent months have seen a revival of the bike across China，with an increasing number of people choosing to cycle instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing.”可知，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人選擇騎自行車(chē)，而不是開(kāi)車(chē)去學(xué)校、去上班或去觀光。據(jù)此可以判斷，自行車(chē)的受歡迎程度呈現(xiàn)“復(fù)蘇”的趨勢(shì)。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“繼續(xù)生存”，C項(xiàng)意為“存在”，D項(xiàng)意為“流行”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 2. The bikesharing systems are popular because ________. A．they are very effective B．they can be picked up anywhere C．they are equipped with GPS D．they help to solve the “l(fā)ast mile problem” 答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the‘last mile problem’， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey.”可知，共享單車(chē)在許多中國(guó)人中很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗鼈優(yōu)椤白詈笠挥⒗锏膯?wèn)題”提供了有效的解決方案，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3. To solve the problems of illegal parking, damage and theft, operators need to ________. A．offer stronger online services B．bine online and offline business C．provide credit scores for users D．obtain more offline business experience 答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience，which causes problems.”可知，運(yùn)營(yíng)商通常在網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)方面很強(qiáng)大，但缺乏線下業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這是問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵；據(jù)此可以判斷，解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題就需要增加線下運(yùn)營(yíng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 B OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS Antlia Pneumatica In a new play by Anne Washburn, directed by Ken Rus Schmoll, a group of estranged friends gather at a Texas farm house to bury one of their peers. (Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St. 212-279-4200. In previews.) Bright Star Steve Martin and Edie Brickell wrote this bluegrass-and-Americana musical, in which a magazine editor meets a soldier returning from the Second World War. Walter Bobbie directs. (Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.) The Crucible Ivo van Hove directs Arthur Miller’s classic drama about the Salem witch trials, starring Saoirse Ronan, Ben Whishaw, Ciaran Hinds, and Sophie Okonedo. (Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.) Dry Powder John Krasinski, Claire Danes, and Hank Azaria star in Sarah Burgess’s play, in which an executive at a private-equity firm (私人股本公司) tries to rebound from a P.R. disaster. Thomas Kail directs. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555. In previews. Opens Oct. 28, 2017) The Father Frank Langella stars in a play by the French writer Florian Zeller, translated by Christopher Hampton and directed by Doug Hughes for Manhattan Theatre Club, about an eighty-year-old man who is losing his grip on his own life story. (Samuel J. Friedman, 261 W. 47th St. 212-239-6200. Previews begin Oct. 28, 2017) 1.If you’re interested in American music, where can you get entertained? A. Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St. B. Cort, 138 W. 48th St. C. Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St. D. Public, 425 Lafayette St. 2.If you want to preview a play now, which of the following is not available? A. Bright Star B. The Crucible C. Dry Powder D. The Father 3.The author’s purpose of writing the passage is to ________ . A. inform B. entertain C. persuade D. describe 【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要是向讀者介紹四部影片。 1.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Bright Star中的“Steve Martin and Edie Brickell wrote this bluegrass-and-Americana musical”及“Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.”可知，可以在Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 欣賞美國(guó)音樂(lè)，故B項(xiàng)正確。 3.A 【解析】推理判斷題。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是向讀者介紹四部影片，故A 項(xiàng)正確。 二、七選五 Freshmen anywhere may be nervous about university life. Here, three pieces of advice are for them. Listen but don’t be silent The world is held in students’ hand via smart phones. Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important. 　 1 　It forces students to face the difficulties of training a deep attentiveness. Unsurprisingly, students find it hard to speak out, ask questions or for points of clarification. They don’t want to appear foolish or incapable. However, there is no such thing as a foolish question. Teachers are there to help you understand. This also goes for seminars and workshops. 　 2 　 Read and buy books 　 3 　There’re so many useful online sources today, but the habit of reading books, especially whole books, is something being lost. Buy your own books. There are many bargains to be found on used-book websites or through Amazon. Being a book lover and buyer will help any student get the most out of their education. 　 4 　 As a student, you don’t just have to learn to listen and bee an active reader: you also have to bee an academic writer. Written work at college level cannot be done at the last minute or in a rush. It takes time. Turn to your teachers. If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反饋)ahead of the final submission. 　 5 　 Students who get feedback on their work always do better than those who do not. It is one of the few educational laws that holds true in all cases. A. Don’t try to do it all the night before. B. However, a lecture is a listening workout. C. Thinking clearly cannot be done in a rush. D. So train your ear, listen carefully, but don’t be silent. E. Reading is the most important thing that any student does. F. Re-writing has proved to be the turning point in one’s degree. G. If they won’t read drafts, then see them to run through your ideas. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了大學(xué)一年級(jí)新生如何適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。 1.B 【解析】考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)前文＂Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important.＂（因此，他們可能認(rèn)為聽(tīng)講座不重要）與B項(xiàng)(然而一個(gè)講座就是一次聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練)在此相銜接，故選B。 2.D 【解析】考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)前文＂This also goes for seminars and workshops. ＂（這需要到研討班）與D項(xiàng)（仔細(xì)聽(tīng)訓(xùn)練你的聽(tīng)力，但不要沉默）銜接，故選D。 3.E 【解析】考查語(yǔ)篇邏輯。本段的主旨是＂Read and buy books＂（閱讀和購(gòu)買(mǎi)書(shū)），而E項(xiàng)（閱讀對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)很重要）符合邏輯，故選E。 5.G 【解析】考查語(yǔ)篇邏輯。前文＂If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反饋)ahead of the final submission.＂（如果他們閱讀了草稿就能確保在你上交前得到反饋）與 G項(xiàng)（如果他們沒(méi)有閱讀草稿，看他們理解你的觀點(diǎn)）形成并列符合邏輯，故選G。 三、短文改錯(cuò) This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it，so at that moment I was very exciting.Outside the library，I saw the man driving around the small parking lot，try to find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 【答案】　 This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be up.Because I had always been waiting to read it， at that moment I was very .Outside the library，I saw man driving around the small parking lot， to find a parking space.He for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them him.He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 第一處：picking→picked。考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，pick up和句子主語(yǔ)book構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 第二處：刪除so。考查連詞。so和because都是連詞，不能同時(shí)使用，故刪除so。注：刪除Because保留so也是可以的。 第三處：exciting→excited?？疾榉衷~形容詞。excited一般修飾人，而exciting一般修飾物。 第四處：the→a?？疾楣谠~。man第一次在語(yǔ)境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾。 第五處：try→trying?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。try和句子謂語(yǔ)saw之間沒(méi)有連詞，故用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此外，try和句子主語(yǔ)I構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 第六處：head→headed?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由后面的“was free”可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第七處：book→books。考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)a pile of可知，書(shū)不止一本，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第八處：to→for。考查介詞。介詞for表示“為了”，符合語(yǔ)境。 第九處：quick→quickly。考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞jumped，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。 第十處：someone后加who?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 四、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 An inventor,Le Trung,has created his perfect woman,a robot who can do the 1.　　　　　　(clean),remember his favourite drinks and read him the newspaper headlines. Le Trung has spent ￡14,000 2.　　　　　　 (create)Aiko,who he describes as “in her 20s” with a good figure,shiny hair and delicate features.She can speak English and Japanese and is so good at mathematics 3.　　　　　　 she can do Mr Trung’s accounts. Mr Trung,from Brampton in Ontario,Canada,said he has never had time 4.　　　　　　 (find) a real partner—so he designed and created his ideal woman 5.　　　　　　(use) the latest technology. The former software 6.　　　　　　　　(program) had taken out credit cards and loans,sold his car and spent his life savings in perfecting his Aiko. He said,“Aiko is what happens when science meets beauty.I want to make her look,feel and act 7.　　　　　　 human as possible so she can be the perfect panion.I talk to her a lot,and hope to improve her knowledge.So far she can understand and speak 13,000 different sentences in English and Japanese,so she’s already fairly intelligent.Aiko recognizes faces and says hello when any of my family es around 8.　　　　　　　　(visit).She helps me choose 9. to have for dinner and knows what drinks I like.She even 10.(help) me with directions when we’re going somewhere.She doesn’t need holidays,food or rest and she will work almost 24 hours a day.She is very patient and never plains.She is the perfect woman.” 答案 1.cleaning　2.creating　3.that　4.to find　5.using 6.programmer　7.as　8.to visit　9.what　10.helps