選修8Unit 1A land of diversity一、閱讀理解AAbout three decades ago, China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”. But the twowheel way of transports popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered petitors. But recent months have seen a revival of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing to cycle instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bikesharing systems has brought the trend to a new level. People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones. The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “l(fā)ast mile problem”， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey. However, the systems have also led to problems such as illegal parking, damage and theft. Last month, two nurses in Beijing were placed under arrest for five days for putting locks on two shared bikes. “Bikesharing is a greener method of transport and provides a userfriendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, viceminister of transport. “But its a bination of online and offline business. Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience, which causes problems.” Now, Chinese service operators are trying to handle these problems. For example, a bikesharing pany called Mobike sets a 100point credit score for each user, with points taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.51 yuan.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了近期共享單車在中國流行的原因、所遇到的問題及解決辦法。【難句分析】Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “l(fā)ast mile problem”， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey.(第三段第三句)分析：該句為主從復合句。句中“which refers to the final leg of a persons journey”為which引導的非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞the “l(fā)ast mile problem”。譯文：它們在許多中國人中很受歡迎，因為它們?yōu)椤白詈笠挥⒗锏膯栴}”提供了有效的解決方案，這一問題指的是一個人的旅程的最后一段。1. The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 probably means _.Asurvival BrecoveryCexistence Dpopularity答案與解析：B考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“But the twowheel way of transports popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered petitors.”可知，這種兩個輪子的交通工具的受歡迎程度開始下降，許多自行車很快被使用燃料驅(qū)動的競爭對手取代；根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“But recent months have seen a revival of the bike across China，with an increasing number of people choosing to cycle instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing.”可知，現(xiàn)在越來越多的人選擇騎自行車，而不是開車去學校、去上班或去觀光。據(jù)此可以判斷，自行車的受歡迎程度呈現(xiàn)“復蘇”的趨勢。故B項正確。A項意為“繼續(xù)生存”，C項意為“存在”，D項意為“流行”，都與語境不符。2. The bikesharing systems are popular because _.Athey are very effectiveBthey can be picked up anywhereCthey are equipped with GPSDthey help to solve the “l(fā)ast mile problem”答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to thelast mile problem， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey.”可知，共享單車在許多中國人中很受歡迎，因為它們?yōu)椤白詈笠挥⒗锏膯栴}”提供了有效的解決方案，故D項正確。3. To solve the problems of illegal parking, damage and theft, operators need to _.Aoffer stronger online servicesBbine online and offline businessCprovide credit scores for usersDobtain more offline business experience答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience，which causes problems.”可知，運營商通常在網(wǎng)絡服務方面很強大，但缺乏線下業(yè)務經(jīng)驗，這是問題的關鍵；據(jù)此可以判斷，解決這個問題就需要增加線下運營經(jīng)驗，故D項正確。BOPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAntlia PneumaticaIn a new play by Anne Washburn, directed by Ken Rus Schmoll, a group of estranged friends gather at a Texas farm house to bury one of their peers. (Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St. 212-279-4200. In previews.)Bright StarSteve Martin and Edie Brickell wrote this bluegrass-and-Americana musical, in which a magazine editor meets a soldier returning from the Second World War. Walter Bobbie directs. (Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.)The CrucibleIvo van Hove directs Arthur Millers classic drama about the Salem witch trials, starring Saoirse Ronan, Ben Whishaw, Ciaran Hinds, and Sophie Okonedo. (Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.)Dry PowderJohn Krasinski, Claire Danes, and Hank Azaria star in Sarah Burgesss play, in which an executive at a private-equity firm (私人股本公司) tries to rebound from a P.R. disaster. Thomas Kail directs. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555. In previews. Opens Oct. 28, 2017)The FatherFrank Langella stars in a play by the French writer Florian Zeller, translated by Christopher Hampton and directed by Doug Hughes for Manhattan Theatre Club, about an eighty-year-old man who is losing his grip on his own life story. (Samuel J. Friedman, 261 W. 47th St. 212-239-6200. Previews begin Oct. 28, 2017)1.If youre interested in American music, where can you get entertained?A. Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St.B. Cort, 138 W. 48th St.C. Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St.D. Public, 425 Lafayette St.2.If you want to preview a play now, which of the following is not available?A. Bright StarB. The CrucibleC. Dry PowderD. The Father3.The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _ .A. informB. entertainC. persuadeD. describe【文章大意】本文是一篇應用文，主要是向讀者介紹四部影片。1.B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Bright Star中的“Steve Martin and Edie Brickell wrote this bluegrass-and-Americana musical”及“Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.”可知，可以在Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 欣賞美國音樂，故B項正確。3.A 【解析】推理判斷題。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是向讀者介紹四部影片，故A 項正確。二、七選五Freshmen anywhere may be nervous about university life. Here, three pieces of advice are for them.Listen but dont be silentThe world is held in students hand via smart phones. Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important. 1 It forces students to face the difficulties of training a deep attentiveness. Unsurprisingly, students find it hard to speak out, ask questions or for points of clarification. They dont want to appear foolish or incapable. However, there is no such thing as a foolish question. Teachers are there to help you understand. This also goes for seminars and workshops. 2 Read and buy books 3 Therere so many useful online sources today, but the habit of reading books, especially whole books, is something being lost. Buy your own books. There are many bargains to be found on used-book websites or through Amazon. Being a book lover and buyer will help any student get the most out of their education. 4 As a student, you dont just have to learn to listen and bee an active reader: you also have to bee an academic writer. Written work at college level cannot be done at the last minute or in a rush. It takes time. Turn to your teachers. If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反饋)ahead of the final submission. 5 Students who get feedback on their work always do better than those who do not. It is one of the few educational laws that holds true in all cases.A. Dont try to do it all the night before.B. However, a lecture is a listening workout.C. Thinking clearly cannot be done in a rush.D. So train your ear, listen carefully, but dont be silent.E. Reading is the most important thing that any student does.F. Re-writing has proved to be the turning point in ones degree.G. If they wont read drafts, then see them to run through your ideas.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了大學一年級新生如何適應大學生活。1.B 【解析】考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)前文Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important.（因此，他們可能認為聽講座不重要）與B項(然而一個講座就是一次聽力訓練)在此相銜接，故選B。2.D 【解析】考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)前文This also goes for seminars and workshops. （這需要到研討班）與D項（仔細聽訓練你的聽力，但不要沉默）銜接，故選D。3.E 【解析】考查語篇邏輯。本段的主旨是Read and buy books（閱讀和購買書），而E項（閱讀對學生來說很重要）符合邏輯，故選E。5.G 【解析】考查語篇邏輯。前文If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反饋)ahead of the final submission.（如果他們閱讀了草稿就能確保在你上交前得到反饋）與 G項（如果他們沒有閱讀草稿，看他們理解你的觀點）形成并列符合邏輯，故選G。三、短文改錯This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it，so at that moment I was very exciting.Outside the library，I saw the man driving around the small parking lot，try to find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.【答案】This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be up.Because I had always been waiting to read it， at that moment I was very .Outside the library，I saw man driving around the small parking lot， to find a parking space.He for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them him.He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.第一處：pickingpicked?？疾閯釉~語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，pick up和句子主語book構成動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)。第二處：刪除so?？疾檫B詞。so和because都是連詞，不能同時使用，故刪除so。注：刪除Because保留so也是可以的。第三處：excitingexcited?？疾榉衷~形容詞。excited一般修飾人，而exciting一般修飾物。第四處：thea?？疾楣谠~。man第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾。第五處：trytrying?？疾榉侵^語動詞。try和句子謂語saw之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動詞。此外，try和句子主語I構成主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。第六處：headheaded?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。由后面的“was free”可知，應用一般過去時。第七處：bookbooks。考查名詞復數(shù)形式。根據(jù)a pile of可知，書不止一本，故用復數(shù)形式。第八處：tofor?？疾榻樵~。介詞for表示“為了”，符合語境。第九處：quickquickly?？疾楦痹~。此處應用副詞修飾動詞jumped，在句子中作狀語。第十處：someone后加who。考查定語從句。who引導定語從句，在從句中作主語。四、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。An inventor,Le Trung,has created his perfect woman,a robot who can do the 1.(clean),remember his favourite drinks and read him the newspaper headlines.Le Trung has spent 14,000 2. (create)Aiko,who he describes as “in her 20s” with a good figure,shiny hair and delicate features.She can speak English and Japanese and is so good at mathematics 3. she can do Mr Trungs accounts.Mr Trung,from Brampton in Ontario,Canada,said he has never had time 4. (find) a real partnerso he designed and created his ideal woman 5.(use) the latest technology.The former software 6.(program) had taken out credit cards and loans,sold his car and spent his life savings in perfecting his Aiko.He said,“Aiko is what happens when science meets beauty.I want to make her look,feel and act 7. human as possible so she can be the perfect panion.I talk to her a lot,and hope to improve her knowledge.So far she can understand and speak 13,000 different sentences in English and Japanese,so shes already fairly intelligent.Aiko recognizes faces and says hello when any of my family es around 8.(visit).She helps me choose 9. to have for dinner and knows what drinks I like.She even 10.(help) me with directions when were going somewhere.She doesnt need holidays,food or rest and she will work almost 24 hours a day.She is very patient and never plains.She is the perfect woman.”答案1.cleaning2.creating3.that4.to find5.using6.programmer7.as8.to visit9.what10.helps