Unit 5 Nelson Mandel-a modern hero一、閱讀理解。Following the crowd may not always be in a persons best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.Thats true for both teens and adults.The finding inspired Joseph Allen，a psychologist at the University of Virginia，and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.So they followed 171 teens，starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25,26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each persons overall health.When the researchers analyzed the data，they found a strong connection between a teens behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health.Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family ine and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression.And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior，such as smoking，drinking or using drugs.Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy.”And，he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”1Where can you probably read this passage?AScience fiction.BHealth column.CFashion magazine.DEntertainment newspaper.2We can learn from Allens study that _.Amany other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendshipsBmental health issues have nothing to do with adult healthCthe same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27Dthe teens who couldnt express themselves grew up to be unhealthy3According to what Allen said，we can know that _.Ain order to do better at school，teens should not follow the crowdBthough its challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure，they should not give upCteens will engage in smoking，drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressureDparents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends4What can be inferred from the passage?AThere is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.BClose friendships are the most important for peoples health.CTeen friendships may help teens bee healthier adults.DAdult health is only influenced by teen friendships.【解題導(dǎo)語】研究表明，與朋友較少或者沒有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在長大后更健康。當(dāng)然，與朋友相處也有壞處。1B考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹青少年時的友誼對青少年成年后健康的影響。據(jù)此可知，本文屬于健康知識類文章，故可判斷，本文可能選自“健康專欄”，故B項正確。2D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whether teens held back.sick as adults”可知，青少年是否向他們的好朋友表達(dá)情感也會影響到其成年后的健康，那些壓抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D項正確。3B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，與朋友相處使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同時也會帶來不利影響，即周圍同齡人帶來的壓力，這些壓力會導(dǎo)致許多問題。分析Allen的話“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy”可以判斷，青少年要應(yīng)對這些壓力，找到正確的平衡點是關(guān)鍵，不能因為很難找到平衡點就灰心喪氣。故選B。4C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults”可知，與朋友相處的青少年在成年后會更加健康。C項意為“青少年時期的友誼會幫助青少年成為更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思，故C項正確。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks”可知，與朋友相處有好處，但是也有一定的缺點，故A項與文意不符；B項錯在“the most”，D項錯在“only”，都太過于絕對。二、單句語法填空1Now their peace talks have reached a key stage _ one side must give in to the other.答案：where當(dāng)先行詞是case, position, stage等抽象名詞，且在從句中作狀語，表示地點時，定語從句使用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)。2From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and _ (devote)答案：devotion由teamwork and可知，此處填名詞devotion “奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠”，作賓語。3When an animal is _ attack it can run away or fight back.答案：under under attack “受到攻擊”。4She started singing to the baby and _ (reward) with a smile.答案：was rewardedreward sb. with a smile “對某人報以微笑”，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)為被動語態(tài)。5Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape _ (fire) by his boss.答案：being firedescape being fired “免于被解雇”。6I have some trouble _ (read) the letter, because his handwriting is very bad.答案：(in) readinghave trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難”。7In some places there are many laws against _ (cruel) to animals but few to protect children.答案：cruelty空前against是介詞，因此本空填名詞cruelty “殘忍；殘酷”。8Your teacher can give you _ (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application.答案：guidancegive sb. guidance on . “給某人關(guān)于的指導(dǎo)或建議”，故此處填名詞guidance “指導(dǎo)”。9_ (educate) usually refers to teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college.答案：Education此處應(yīng)用名詞education “教育”作主語。10The young man was sentenced to _ (die) for killing a middle school student.答案：deathbe sentenced to death “被判死刑”。三、完形填空。I promise you, there will never be a perfect time to do anything in your life. 1will ever feel 100% certain or make perfect sense to you and everyone else. There will 2 be a perfect time to fall in love, or to travel the world. You will never have enough training, enough preparation, or enough money. And 3 this, even when you feel ready to take a brave step into the4, others will likely try to 5 you out of it. Because they wont feel ready themselves, and your ambition and bravery will 6 their levels of fort. But you dont 7 them an explanation, or any other personal 8 you dont want to make. This is rather difficult to 9 at first. Waiting to feel 100% ready or sure is the 10 way in which we cheat ourselves out of wonderful life experiences. I challenge you to 11 free yourself from this self-limiting state of mind. Book that plane ticket, even if you feel lots of 12. Sign up for that educational course, even if you have no idea 13 it will go. Trust me when I tell you it will all e together for the14. When you achieve your dreams with15, when you meet them with mental and physical devotion, you16 your trust in the act of LIVING. You make your dreams a 17 instead of line items on a list. And thats good because your dreams are 18 to experience. You have to 19 them out in the real world to know if theyre possible and worthwhile adventures in the long run. As you 20 on this new journey of living, remember that some people around you will naturally be taken aback. But as long as you arent hurting them, you dont owe them anything that takes away your power to move forward with your life. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了在我們的生活中永遠(yuǎn)不會有一個完美的時間去做任何事情。所以我們應(yīng)該想做就做, 不要顧慮太多, 當(dāng)我們在一個新的生活之旅中前進(jìn)時, 我們才會發(fā)現(xiàn)它帶來的驚喜。1. A. SomethingB. NothingC. AnythingD. Everything【解析】選B。根據(jù)上文說在你的生活中永遠(yuǎn)不會有一個完美的時間去做任何事情?？芍湟? 沒有什么能讓你和其他人擁有100%確定的或完美的感覺。故選B。2. A. neverB. alwaysC. occasionallyD. forever【解析】選A。從來都沒有一個可以去戀愛和去世界各地旅行的完美時候。故選A。3. A. despite B. for C. from D. after【解析】選A。這里的盡管如此是指上文提到的沒有時間去戀愛、去旅行等。despite盡管, 故選A。4. A. impossibleB. unknownC. beautifulD. true【解析】選B。盡管如此, 即使你準(zhǔn)備勇敢地踏入未知世界。unknown未知的, 故選B。5. A. helpB. cheatC. talkD. get【解析】選C。其他人也可能會試圖說服你放棄它。help幫助; cheat欺騙; talk談話、勸說; get得到。故選C。6. A. improveB. removeC. increaseD. challenge【解析】選D。因為他們自己不會覺得自己準(zhǔn)備好了, 你的雄心和勇敢會挑戰(zhàn)他們的舒適度。也就是你的做法讓他們不舒服。improve提高; remove移除; increase增加; challenge挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。7. A. offerB. giveC. allowD. owe【解析】選D。但你不欠他們一個解釋。offer提供; give給; allow允許; owe欠。故選D。8. A. excuseB. decisionC. sacrificeD. profit【解析】選C?；蛘吣阋膊槐刈龀鋈魏文悴幌胱龅膫€人犧牲。excuse借口; decision決定; sacrifice犧牲; profit利潤。故選C。9. A. refuseB. graspC. admitD. confirm【解析】選B。這一點很難掌握?！斑@一點”是指找到合適的時機(jī)做自己的事, 無需向他人解釋。refuse拒絕; grasp抓住、掌握; admit承認(rèn); confirm證實。故選B。10. A. hardestB. bitterestC. easiestD. dullest【解析】選C。等待自己感到100%準(zhǔn)備好了或很肯定時再去做是一種最簡單的欺騙自己去錯過精彩人生經(jīng)歷的辦法。 hardest最困難的; bitterest最苦的; easiest最容易的; dullest最遲鈍的。故選C。11. A. automaticallyB. casuallyC. vainlyD. consciously【解析】選D。我要讓你有意識地讓自己擺脫這種自我限制的心態(tài)。automatically自動地; casually隨意地; vainly徒勞地; consciously有意識地。故選D。12. A. uncertaintyB. fortC. anxietyD. hopelessness【解析】選A。訂下那張飛機(jī)票, 盡管你感到了很多的不確定性。uncertainty不確定; fort舒適; anxiety焦慮; hopelessness無希望。故選A。13. A. howB. whenC. whyD. whether【解析】選A。報名參加那個教育課程, 即使你不知道會怎么樣發(fā)展。故選A。14. A. worseB. betterC. closerD. deeper【解析】選B。當(dāng)我告訴你一切都會好起來的時候, 請相信我。15. A. difficultyB. doubtC. intentionD. success【解析】選C。當(dāng)你有意識地去實現(xiàn)你的夢想時, 當(dāng)你以精神和肉體的投入去面對它們時, 你就把你的信任投入到生活的行動中去了。difficulty困難; doubt懷疑; intention目的; success成功。故選C。16. A. carryB. removeC. experienceD. invest【解析】選D。carry攜帶; remove移除; experience經(jīng)歷; invest投資, 投入。故選D。17. A. realityB. priorityC. burdenD. relief【解析】選B。你優(yōu)先考慮你的夢想而不只是紙上談兵。reality現(xiàn)實; priority優(yōu)先權(quán); burden負(fù)擔(dān); relief安心。故選B。18. A. meantB. listedC. realizedD. entitled【解析】選A。那很好, 因為你的夢想就意味著體驗。mean意味著; list列出; realize意識到; entitle使有資格。故選A。19. A. checkB. bringC. workD. test【解析】選D。你必須在現(xiàn)實世界中測試它們, 以確定它們是否有可能, 并且值得長期冒險。check核對; bring帶來; work工作; test測試。故選D。20. A. wanderB. restC. progressD. hesitate【解析】選C。當(dāng)你在這個新的生活之旅中取得進(jìn)展時, 記住: 你周圍的一些人自然會大吃一驚。wander閑逛; rest休息; progress進(jìn)步, 前進(jìn); hesitate猶豫。故選C。四、單句改錯1I hope, first of all, that we shall never lose our heart in face of failure._答案：去掉ourlose heart “失去信心”，為固定搭配。2She is very weak and not equal to make a long journey._答案：makemakingbe equal to “勝任”，其中to是介詞。3Thousands of people turned to watch yesterdays match against Ireland._答案：turned后加upturn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。4The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big pany._答案：去掉whenThe first time在此處引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。5Only when we had studied the data again we realize that there was a mistake._答案：we前加did“only狀語從句”放句首，句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。