專題10 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)丟分題詳解【2019 黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考】As an exchange student, Alan _ Qiqihar for one and a half years. A. has been toB. has been inC. has gone to【答案】B【解析】句意：作為一名交換生，Alan在齊齊哈爾已經(jīng)有一年半了。A. has been to 去過(guò)；B. has been in呆在某地；C. has gone to去了，可能在途中，也可能已經(jīng)到了。根據(jù)for one and a half years.可知?jiǎng)釉~是持續(xù)性的。這里用have been in表示呆在某地多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。根據(jù)題意，故選B。丟分探因此題學(xué)生容易做錯(cuò)的原因是分不清has gone to和has been to的用法： somebody has gone to +表示地點(diǎn)的名詞：意思某人去了某個(gè)地方(有可能在還在路上，有可能到達(dá)了某個(gè)地方，但是還沒(méi)有回來(lái))Tom has gone to America. 湯姆去了美國(guó)（有可能還在去美國(guó)路上，有可能已經(jīng)抵達(dá)美國(guó)）somebody has been to + 表示地點(diǎn)的名詞：意思某人曾經(jīng)過(guò)去過(guò)地方（但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個(gè)地方了）Tom has been to America. 湯姆曾經(jīng)過(guò)去過(guò)美國(guó)（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在美國(guó)了）查漏補(bǔ)缺現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中been to，gone to和been in/at been to去過(guò)某地，表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷，可以和once，twice，already，ever，never等連用。 She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在這里) gone to 去某地了，說(shuō)話時(shí)某人已離開(kāi)此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。 She has gone to Shanghai. (表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里) 她已經(jīng)去了上海。 been in/at 逗留在某地(已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間)，常和for ten days，since I came here等連用。She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 自從她搬到那以后，她就一直住在上海。丟分題詳解 【2019 湖北宜昌中考】What great progress Huawei in recent years! No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A. is makingB. has madeC. makesD. made【答案】B【解析】句意：華為近年來(lái)取得了多么大的進(jìn)步啊!難怪它在世界各地廣為人知?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。in recent years在最近幾年，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；Huawei是單數(shù)第三人稱，助動(dòng)詞需用has；根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)，可知選B。丟分探因此題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是中考?？嫉目键c(diǎn)，考生掌握住現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法，是做對(duì)這類題的關(guān)鍵?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說(shuō)，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。I have already posted the photo. 我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響照片不在這里。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示)，常與for(+時(shí)間段)，since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子)連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來(lái)，他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。for + 時(shí)間段 譯為：時(shí)間since + 過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為：自從以來(lái))since + 時(shí)間段 + agosince + 從句(過(guò)去時(shí))It is + 時(shí)間段 + since + 從句(過(guò)去時(shí))注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞(buy, die, join, lose.)與for 或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí)，要改變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。變化如下：come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe out finishbe over openbe open diebe dead buyhave Fall illbe ill Come backbe back Put onbe on/wear Worrybe worried Catch a coldhave a cold查漏補(bǔ)缺現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時(shí)態(tài)，因此，具有這樣時(shí)間特點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。1. 與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我們從1958年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。 從以上兩個(gè)例句我們可以看出，與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞。2. 與籠統(tǒng)地表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：Ive just found this library book. 我剛剛找到這本圖書(shū)館的書(shū)。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美??！我還從來(lái)沒(méi)聽(tīng)到過(guò)比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。3. 與表示包含過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：How have you been recently? 你近來(lái)狀況如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在過(guò)去兩年的時(shí)間里寫(xiě)了一本新書(shū)。Have you seen her parents these days? 這些天你看見(jiàn)她的父母了嗎？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國(guó)的許多地方。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間，即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如：I have seen the film. 我看過(guò)這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容）I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前，而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影）Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天）2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副詞以及for+段時(shí)間，since+過(guò)去時(shí)間/從句等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則常與時(shí)間段+ago，just now，yesterday，last week等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：She has lived here since two years ago. 她兩年前就住在這里了。She lived here two years ago. 兩年前她住在這里。He has been in the League for three years. 他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫(xiě)了封信。丟分題詳解【2019 四川省廣元市】If you study hard, you _ into a good senior high school. A. gotB. will getC. get【答案】B【解析】考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)的用法。句意：如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你_進(jìn)入一個(gè)好點(diǎn)的高中。A. got 表示一般過(guò)去時(shí)；B. will get 是一般將來(lái)時(shí)；C. get 是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。連詞if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。由句意可知，主句是將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故選B。丟分探因此題考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法，該句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則?？忌莆赵谑裁辞闆r下用將來(lái)時(shí)，更容易作對(duì)這類題。查漏補(bǔ)缺一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do； will+ do.I am going to sing in the singing competition next week.Sally will have dance lessons this weekend.2. 否定句和疑問(wèn)句： 否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）后加not或will后加not，常縮略為wont。例如：He isnt going to practice the piano this month. Tony wont visit the Great Wall next summer. 在一般疑問(wèn)句中，通常把be或will提到句首。例如：Are you going to see your grandmother next month?Will you watch a football game tomorrow?3. There be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)該句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)也有兩種形式：“there is/are going to be”和“there will be”。如：There will be a nice concert tonight.(There is going to be a concert tonight.一般疑問(wèn)句為“Will there be或Is/Are there going to be?”，對(duì)應(yīng)的肯定回答Yes, there will. (Yes, there is/ are.)；否定回答為：No, there wont.( No, there isnt/ arent.)。例如：Will there a heavy rain tomorrow?Yes, there will. / No, there wont.丟分題詳解15.【2019 臨沂市】Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years. A. roseB. have risenC. rise【答案】B【解析】句意：融冰會(huì)導(dǎo)致海平面上升，自1993年以來(lái)，海平面以每10年3.2厘米的速度上升。根據(jù)句子中的since自從，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能一直持續(xù)下去，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義，完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ have/has +過(guò)去分詞，故選B?！?019 內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市】The shop in Wanda Square _for six years, but I _there so far. A. has opened; havent gone B. has been opened; havent been C. has been open; havent gone D. has been opened; havent been【答案】B【解析】句意：萬(wàn)達(dá)廣場(chǎng)的商店已經(jīng)開(kāi)了六年了，但到目前為止我還沒(méi)有去過(guò)。第一個(gè)空，由so far“到目前為止”可知，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；be open表示延續(xù)性動(dòng)作be的過(guò)去分詞是been，A、D不正確；第二個(gè)空，have been去過(guò)（已經(jīng)回來(lái)了），have gone去了（沒(méi)回來(lái)），結(jié)合語(yǔ)境"我還沒(méi)有去過(guò)"，用havent been，C不正確，故選：B。丟分探因查漏補(bǔ)缺被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況：1. 不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：（1）所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belong to等。（4）表示希望、意圖的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況：（1）系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 （2）當(dāng)cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)。（3）當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動(dòng)詞詞組表示發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定等意思時(shí)。（4）want，require，need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。（5）be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。（6）在be + 形容詞 + to do中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。丟分點(diǎn)歸納1. has gone to和has been to的區(qū)別和用法；2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法；3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況。中考題演練1.【2019 廣西百色市】Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business, hasnt he？ Yes And he _in two weeks A. will returnB. has returned C. returnedD. returns【答案】A【解析】句意：你的父親已經(jīng)去深圳出差，不是嗎？是的，他打算兩周后回來(lái)。A為一般將來(lái)時(shí)；B為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C為一般過(guò)去時(shí)；D為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)in two weeks可知，該題的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：will+動(dòng)詞原形。故選A。2.【2019 廣西百色市】Neither my sister nor I _been to Xian before A. have neverB. have everC. has neverD. has ever【答案】B【解析】句意：我姐姐和我都沒(méi)去過(guò)西安。根據(jù)“been to”和 “before”可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/has done）；其次neithernor表示兩者都不，本身就是否定意義，則可排除never，即排除A、C；當(dāng)其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常遵循“就近一致”原則，即謂語(yǔ)由離其最近的名詞或者代詞單復(fù)數(shù)決定，該句中離其最近的主語(yǔ)是I，則應(yīng)填寫(xiě)have ever。故選B。3.【2019 湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考】 I cant find Sarah. Where is she? She _ for tomorrows Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home. A. preparesB. will prepareC. is preparing【答案】C【解析】句意：我找不到薩拉。她在哪里？她正在家里為明天的星城杯演講比賽做準(zhǔn)備。A. prepares一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B. will prepare一般將來(lái)時(shí)；C. is preparing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。問(wèn)句是詢問(wèn)薩拉在哪里，是說(shuō)當(dāng)前的情況，答語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示她正在做某事，故答案為C。4.【2019 四川眉山中考】 Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her? Dont worry. She will call you as soon as she there. A. been；will getB. been；getsC. gone；will getD. gone；gets【答案】D【解析】句意：琳達(dá)已經(jīng)去了巴黎，我怎樣能夠和她聯(lián)系？別擔(dān)心，她一到那就會(huì)給你打電話。第一空處，根據(jù)How can I get in touch with her可知，琳達(dá)去了巴黎，還沒(méi)回來(lái)，用have gone to，第二空處，根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則可知可知，as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選D。5.【2019 四川省眉山市】 Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? In October. I it for two months. A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought【答案】C【解析】句意：你的新手表很漂亮，你什么時(shí)候買的？10月份，我已經(jīng)買兩個(gè)月了。A.一般過(guò)去時(shí)；B.一般過(guò)去時(shí)；C.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；D.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)for two months可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除A和B；且buy為瞬間動(dòng)詞，不與一段時(shí)間連用，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，故選C。6.【2019 湖北省咸寧市】Lets go climbing if it _ this Saturday. Good idea. But nobody knows if it . A. is fine; rainsB. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rainsD. will be fine; will rain【答案】B【解析】句意：如果這個(gè)星期六天氣好，我們?nèi)ヅ郎桨?。好主意。但沒(méi)人知道會(huì)不會(huì)下雨。第一個(gè)空if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，因此從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，is fine；第二個(gè)空if引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)第一句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this Saturday可知，要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成是will+動(dòng)詞原形。故選B。7.【2019 襄陽(yáng)市】 Why wont we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon? Because they _ Longzhong for a study trip. A. have gone toB. have been toC. had gone toD. had been to【答案】A【解析】句意：今天下午我們?yōu)槭裁床缓退陌嘁黄鸫蚧@球?因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)ヂ≈醒袑W(xué)旅行去了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。A. have gone to現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示去了某地，可能已到達(dá)某地，也可能在去某地的路途中；B. have been to現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示去了某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了；C. had gone to過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示去了某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)人不在這里；D. had been to過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示去了某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。本題根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知四班去隆中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響和結(jié)果，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除C、D選項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用have gone to結(jié)構(gòu)，排除B選項(xiàng)；故答案選A。8.【2019 湖南省益陽(yáng)市】Susan and her sister _some photos in the park the day after tomorrow. A. takeB. tookC. will take【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。句意：蘇珊和她的姐姐后天要在公園里拍一些照片。A. take是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；B. took是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；C. will take是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the day after tomorrow后天可知，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，故選C。9.【2019 江蘇省南京市】Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro? A couple of days. I _ it last week AboughtBbuyCwill buyDhave bought【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)句意：溫迪，你買華為P30有多久了？幾天。我上周買的。last week說(shuō)明是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選：A。10.【2019 廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)】 I went to your office at 9:00 yesterday morning, but you were not in. Sorry, I _with the manager in the meeting room at that time. A. am talkingB. was talkingC. were talkingD. have talked【答案】B【解析】句意：我昨天早上9點(diǎn)去了你的辦公室，但是你不在。對(duì)不起，我當(dāng)時(shí)正在會(huì)議室和經(jīng)理談話?？疾檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。A. am talking現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；B. was talking過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；C. were talking過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；D. have talked現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題意，此處表達(dá)的是昨天早上9點(diǎn)對(duì)方去辦公室的時(shí)候“我”正在干的事，表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，主語(yǔ)是I，be動(dòng)詞用was，talk的現(xiàn)在分詞是talking；結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意，故答案選B。11.【2019 貴州省畢節(jié)市】How many letters you to your mother? 109 in all, since 2016. A. has；writtenB. have；writtenC. did；writeD. are；writing【答案】B【解析】句意：你已經(jīng)寫(xiě)給你媽媽多少封信了？從2016年開(kāi)始，總共109封。A.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；B.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C.一般過(guò)去時(shí)；D.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)since 2016可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除C和D；且根據(jù)主語(yǔ)you可知，用have done形式，故選B。12.【2019 大慶市】 My car _ yesterday. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow? Im sorry I cant, Im _ Dalian tomorrow morning. A. breaks down; flying atB. has broken down; flying at C. broke down; flying toD. had broken down: flying to【答案】C【解析】句意：我的車昨天拋錨了，你明天能載我一程嗎？對(duì)不起，我不能，我明天早上要坐飛機(jī)飛到大連。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday判斷，句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，fly to+地點(diǎn)，意思是“坐飛機(jī)到某地”，后面的句子是用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，故答案為C。13.【2019 四川省廣元市】What did you do the day before yesterday? I _ for an English test. A. studyB. studiedC. studying【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。句意：你前天做什么了？我為一次英語(yǔ)測(cè)試_。A. study 動(dòng)詞原形，表達(dá)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B. studied 過(guò)去式，表達(dá)一般過(guò)去時(shí)；C. studying是現(xiàn)在分詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)問(wèn)句中時(shí)間“the day before yesterday”（前天），可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選B。14.【2019 四川省廣元市】How long have you _ your cap? It looks cool. About two weeks. A. borrowedB. boughtC. had【答案】C【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法。句意：你的帽子買了多久了？它看上去很酷。大約兩星期。borrowed 借入，是短暫性動(dòng)詞；bought 買，是短暫性動(dòng)詞；have had 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中一段時(shí)間的句子。根據(jù)“how long”（多久）提問(wèn)的是一段時(shí)間，可知選C。4.【2019 湖南省郴州市】Where is Mr. Green? He _the bookshop You have to wait for him. A. was going toB. has gone toC. has been to【答案】B【解析】句意：Mr. Green在哪里？他去了書(shū)店。你必須等他。A. was going to 打算去，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；B. has gone to去了，可能在途中，可能已經(jīng)到了；C. has been to去過(guò)某地。根據(jù)下文You have to wait for him.可知上文是去了書(shū)店。根據(jù)題意，故選B。7.【2019 湖北省黃岡市】Where is Catherine? I havent seen her for days. She Wuhan. Shell be back next week. A. has gone toB. has been to C. have gone toD. have been to【答案】A【解析】句意：凱瑟琳在哪里？我好幾天沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。她去了武漢。她下星期回來(lái)。have/has gone to表示“（某人）現(xiàn)在到某地去了”（現(xiàn)在不在這兒了）。have/has been to表示“（某人）曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，（人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）。根據(jù)Shell be back next week. 她下星期回來(lái)。說(shuō)明凱瑟琳去了武漢，現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。因此選擇have/has gone to，排除B/D；又因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是She，為單數(shù)，所以助動(dòng)詞用has，故選A。1.【2019 湖北省宜昌市】Its reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire in Sichuan. I dont know who they are, but I know who they are for. A. were killingB. were killedC. killedD. had killed【答案】B【解析】句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，31名勇敢的年輕人在四川的一場(chǎng)森林大火中喪生。我不知道他們是誰(shuí)，但我知道他們是為了誰(shuí)?？疾閯?dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)辨析。31 of the brave young men是復(fù)數(shù)人稱，是動(dòng)詞kill的受動(dòng)者，需用“be +過(guò)去分詞”被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)；根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)，可知選B。2.【2019 湖南長(zhǎng)沙】 Perfect photos! Good skills! Thank you. They _ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all. A. tookB. were takenC. will be taken【答案】B【解析】句意：好漂亮的照片！技術(shù)真棒！謝謝。它們是用我的華為手機(jī)拍攝的。事實(shí)上，我一點(diǎn)也不熟練。A. took一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；B. were taken一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；C. will be taken一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。They代指Perfect photos，與動(dòng)詞take之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除A；這些照片已經(jīng)拍攝完畢，是在過(guò)去拍攝的，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，答案為B。3.【2019 湖南省岳陽(yáng)市】Its reported that NotreDame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）_in April 2019 Awas burntBis burntCbe burnt【答案】A【解析】主語(yǔ) NotreDame de Paris和謂語(yǔ)"燒毀"是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句意"據(jù)報(bào)道巴黎圣母院于2019年4月被燒毀"可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為was/ were done，故選：A。4.【2019 四川省眉山市】Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun. A. is; inventingB. is; invented C. has; inventedD. was; invented【答案】D【解析】句意：在中國(guó)大約兩千年前，紙最開(kāi)始被蔡倫發(fā)明。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。A.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；B.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；C.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；D.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)paper與謂語(yǔ)invent之間為被動(dòng)be done，排除A和C；且根據(jù)two thousand years ago可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選D。5.【2019 湖北省咸寧市】 The passenger refused to move after taking another ones seat! What a shame! He according to the new credit system(誠(chéng)信體系). A. punishB. punished C. will punishD. will be punished【答案】D【解析】句意：乘客坐了另一個(gè)乘客的座位后拒絕調(diào)動(dòng)！ 他的行為太羞恥了！根據(jù)新的信用規(guī)則，他將受到懲罰。A為動(dòng)詞原形；B為過(guò)去式；C為一般將來(lái)時(shí)；D. 為一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，主語(yǔ)He和punish之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；再者，乘客坐了另一個(gè)乘客的座位后拒絕調(diào)動(dòng)！該乘客是將要接受懲罰的，因此時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，綜合分析可知，本題應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選D。6.【2019 襄陽(yáng)市】 I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. cleanB. are cleaned C. are cleaningD. will clean【答案】B【解析】句意：我喜歡早上在干凈的街道上散步。你知道它們每天都被勤奮的清潔工打掃?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。A. clean打掃，動(dòng)詞原形；B. are cleaned一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；C. are cleaning現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；D. will clean一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day.可知本句為主從復(fù)合句，從句的主語(yǔ)they和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞clean之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由every day可知句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成為am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)是they，be動(dòng)詞用are，clean的過(guò)去分詞是cleaned；故答案選B。模擬題檢測(cè)1.（北京市西城區(qū)2019模擬試題）Our lives _ a lot since the Internet was invented.A. changedB. are changingC. will changeD. have changed【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意：自從因特網(wǎng)被發(fā)明出來(lái)之后，我們的生活已經(jīng)改變了許多?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。A. changed表一般過(guò)去時(shí)；B. are changing表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；C. will change表一般將來(lái)時(shí)；D. have changed表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since the Internet was invented提示可知，此句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故答案選D。2. （2019年汕頭市潮南區(qū)初中學(xué)業(yè)水平模擬）His flight because there was something wrong with the plane. So he had to take the high-speed train from Shenzhen to Xiamen.A. was canceledB. canceledC. is canceledD. cancels【答案】A【解析】句意：他的航班被取消了，因?yàn)轱w機(jī)出了問(wèn)題。所以他不得不坐高鐵從深圳去往廈門。A. was canceled被取消，一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；B. canceled取消，一般過(guò)去時(shí)；C. is canceled被取消，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；D. cancels取消，第三人稱單數(shù)形式。主語(yǔ)為His flight與動(dòng)詞cancel之間為被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，再由was something wrong確定為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選A。3.（山東青島北區(qū)一中2019一模）-How long has he _ the village school? -Since he graduate from the university.A. gone toB. been toC. taught inD. arrived in【答案】C【解析】句意：-他鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校教書(shū)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？-自從他大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A： 已經(jīng)去了，選項(xiàng)B： 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)，選項(xiàng)C：在教 ，選項(xiàng)D：到達(dá)。此句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)合句意動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ，只有選項(xiàng)C是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故選：C。4. (河北武邑中學(xué)2019-2020九年級(jí)上學(xué)期期中)Not only his parents but also his sister _ to the Palace Museum. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has beenD. has gone.【答案】D【解析】句意：不但他的父母而且他的姐姐去了故宮。他們沒(méi)有回來(lái)。Have / has been to表“去過(guò)”,已經(jīng)回來(lái)；have/has gone to表“去了”，還沒(méi)有回到說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。根據(jù)答句“他們沒(méi)回來(lái)”可知應(yīng)用have/ has gone to；并且not onlybut also連接主語(yǔ)要遵循就近原則，故該句由my sister決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，故選D。5. (河北武邑中學(xué)2019-2020九年級(jí)上學(xué)期期中)Mike wants to know if you_ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it_, well go to the museum instead.A. will have; will rainB. have; will rainC. will have; rainsD. have; is rainy【答案】C【解析】句意：邁克想知道你明天是否去野餐。是的。如果天下雨，我們將去博物館。第一句是if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意的需要選擇賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)，句中有tomorrow，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；答句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則，故選C。6. (長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校2019-2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中) Mayto the party. She enjoyed herself with us. A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited【答案】C【解析】句意：May被邀請(qǐng)參加派對(duì)。她和我們玩得很開(kāi)心。根據(jù)句意句子應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+過(guò)去分詞”，第二個(gè)句子為過(guò)去時(shí)，故設(shè)空處的句子也應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為“was/ were+過(guò)去分詞”，主語(yǔ)May為第三人稱單數(shù)，故選C。7. (北京101中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中) Our team _ every match since April, but we still have three more games to play.A. has won B. will won C. win D. won【答案】A【解析】句意：從四月份以來(lái)，我們隊(duì)每場(chǎng)比賽都會(huì)贏，但是我們還有三場(chǎng)比賽要打。該句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since April表“從四月份以來(lái)”可知句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選A。8.（2019年江蘇省連云港市贛榆實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)中考英語(yǔ)模擬試題）- Excuse me. Who came in just now?- Sorry, I dont know. I _ my e-mail from my friend.A. am readingB. was readingC. will readD. have read【答案】B【解析】句意：-對(duì)不起。剛才誰(shuí)進(jìn)來(lái)的？-對(duì)不起，我不知道。我正在看我朋友的電子郵件?？疾榫渥訒r(shí)態(tài)。A. am reading現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；B. was reading過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；C. will read一般將來(lái)時(shí)；D. have read現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)上文句意（對(duì)不起。剛才誰(shuí)進(jìn)來(lái)的？-對(duì)不起，我不知道。）可知那個(gè)人進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)“我正在看我朋友的電子郵件?！备鶕?jù)句意可知此句時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；故選B。9. (北京市西城區(qū)九年級(jí)模擬測(cè)試.Sam, lets do the cleaning together.Just a minute. I _ my homework, almost finished.A. didB. am doingC. will doD. have done【答案】B【解析】句意：山姆，讓我們一起打掃衛(wèi)生吧。請(qǐng)等一下。我正在做作業(yè)，就快寫(xiě)完了?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。A. did表一般過(guò)去時(shí)；B. am doing表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；C. will do表一般將來(lái)時(shí)；D. have done表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句子中的almost finished提示可知，山姆的作業(yè)就快做完了，但還沒(méi)有做完，動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行中，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故答案選B。10. (2019北京市西城區(qū)九年級(jí)模擬測(cè)試)John, you _ weight if you do exercise every day.A. loseB. lostC. will loseD. have lost【答案】C【解析】句意：約翰，如果你每天都運(yùn)動(dòng)的話你就能減肥了。考查if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。A. lose動(dòng)詞原形；B. lost表一般過(guò)去時(shí)；C. will lose表一般將來(lái)時(shí)；D. have lost表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，主句應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故答案選C。11.（人大附中2019年初三年級(jí)下學(xué)期質(zhì)檢題)29.When the power of love _ the love of power, the world will be likely in peace.A. overcomesB. will overcomeC. is overcomingD. overcame【答案】A【解析】句意：當(dāng)愛(ài)的力量戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)權(quán)力的愛(ài)時(shí)，世界就有可能和平。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選A。12. (廣東省江門市2019-2020學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中調(diào)研).Jim, long time no see! Where have you ?I Beijing with my parents.A. been; have gone toB. been, have been toC. gone; wentD. gone; have gone to【答案】B【解析】句意：吉姆，好久不見(jiàn)！你去哪里了？我和父母去北京了。考查be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。注意與動(dòng)詞go 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法的區(qū)別。have been (to)表示“去過(guò)”某地，人已回來(lái)。而have gone to表示“去”某地了，人還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。因?yàn)檎務(wù)摃r(shí)當(dāng)事人已從北京回來(lái)，故選B。13.(珠海市北大附屬實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校初中部2020屆九年級(jí)上學(xué)期10月調(diào)研英語(yǔ)9.Where is Tom?He _ the USA. He _ back in two months.A. has gone to; comesB. has bee to; will beC. has been to; comesD. has gone to; will be【答案】D【解析】句意：-湯姆在哪？-他去了美國(guó)，他將在兩個(gè)月之后回來(lái)。Have been in強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去曾去過(guò)”之意，表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)；have been to的意思是“過(guò)去到過(guò)而現(xiàn)在已返回”，它強(qiáng)調(diào)“最近的經(jīng)歷”；have gone to表示“動(dòng)作的完成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)人已離開(kāi)說(shuō)話的地方。In +一段時(shí)間，用于將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)句意，故選D。14. (北京市上地實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2019-2020學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期第二次統(tǒng)練)Many green parks in our city last year.A. buildB. builtC. were builtD. are built【答案】C【解析】句意：我們這個(gè)城市去年建造了很多綠色的花園。此題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選C。15. (山東濱州部分學(xué)校2019-2020學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期第一次月考).Premier Zhou Enlai_ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.A. diedB. was deadC. has been diedD. has been dead【答案】D【解析】句意：周恩來(lái)總理已經(jīng)去世很多年，他仍然活在中國(guó)人的心里。died去世，過(guò)去式；was dead是死的，dead無(wú)生命的；死的，構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；has been died其中die表示死的動(dòng)作，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；has been dead現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for many years常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)至今。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而died非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；dead形容詞，表示“無(wú)生命的”，has been dead表示處于死亡的狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。16. (河南省南陽(yáng)市內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)縣2019屆九年級(jí)中招一模考試英語(yǔ)試題)-Last night I said hello to you in the street, but you didnt answer me.-I _ out with my parents. Maybe it was too crowded to see you.A. am hangingB. was hangingC. will hangD. have hung【答案】B【解析】句意“-昨天晚上在街道上我和你打招呼，但是你沒(méi)有回答我。-我正在和我的父母閑逛，可能太擁擠了以至于我沒(méi)有看到你”。A.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；B.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；C.一般將來(lái)時(shí)；D.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“你和我打招呼時(shí)我正在和我的父母逛街”，且根據(jù)last ni