現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)。動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞否定句：否定句：havent/hasnt一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句： Have / Has ? Yes, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has. No, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+havent/hasnt. 常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times 表示從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始表示從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示或狀態(tài)，可以和表示“從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”連用，如連用，如“for+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段”、“since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”、“since+從句從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài))”、“since+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+ago”。且。且for與與since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. Ive lived here since 1990 自從自從1990年以來(lái)我就住在這里。年以來(lái)我就住在這里。 I havent seen him for three years. 我三年沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)他了。我三年沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)他了。 選用選用for和和since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last timeforsinceforsinceforsince 此種用法中表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的此種用法中表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的 動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(否定句除外否定句除外)。1. 這本書(shū)我買了這本書(shū)我買了5年了。年了。 I have bought the book for five years. ( ) I have had the book for five years. ( ) 2. 你哥哥參軍多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？你哥哥參軍多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ How long has your brother joined the army? ( ) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( )1. 轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。成時(shí)。 borrow keep buy have put on wear catch a cold have a cold get to know know get to sleep sleep2. 轉(zhuǎn)化為轉(zhuǎn)化為“be + 形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞/介詞介詞/名詞名詞”begin / start be on go out be out close be closed open be open get to/arrive/reach be (in)die be dead leave be away finish be overfall sleep be asleep join be in/be a member of become be make friends be friendscome/go/ be + 相應(yīng)的介詞短語(yǔ)相應(yīng)的介詞短語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如：不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如：in 1990in 1990，last Sunday last Sunday 等）。等）。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。束），它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already, just, ever, yet, never等。等。already, just多用于肯定句中多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。如：如：I have already finished my homework 我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。 He has just had his meal他剛吃過(guò)飯。他剛吃過(guò)飯。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱過(guò)這首英文歌嗎？你曾唱過(guò)這首英文歌嗎？ They havent started yet. 他們還沒(méi)有身。他們還沒(méi)有身。 We have never heard of it 我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事。我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事。動(dòng)詞填空：動(dòng)詞填空：1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you _( come) here? Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _ (go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking last year.8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgaveHaveriddenhas kept(1). have (has) been in 意為意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。連用。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。 have been in, have been to 與與have gone to 的用法的用法 (2). have (has) been to 意為意為“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”,表示表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了.可與可與 just, ever, never 等連用。等連用。如：如：Ive just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？ Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城?，旣悘奈慈ミ^(guò)長(zhǎng)城。have(has)been to后面可接后面可接次數(shù)次數(shù),表示去過(guò)某地幾次。表示去過(guò)某地幾次。如：如：Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去過(guò)北京三次。我去過(guò)北京三次。(3). have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、二人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)。不用第一、二人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)。如如: Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里？湯姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書(shū)店去了。他到書(shū)店去了。How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.Grammar Focus4aRewrite the sentences using for or since.1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.Jim has been in Japan for three years.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.I have had a camera since 2009.I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.Linda has been ill since Monday.1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2. They_ (never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.3. We_ (have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.have never beengohave never owned always wanthave hadbought4b4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.havent beenmisshas beenis4cFill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.1. Do you have a(n) _? How long have you had it?2. Do you own a(n)_? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite book basketballfor two yearssince he was 10 years oldstudent1Student2