第18課 八年級(jí)下冊(cè)UNITS 910重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ) 1. population 觀察思考 More than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 超過(guò)四分之三的人口是中國(guó)人。 What is the population of Wenzhou? 溫州的人口有多少？歸納拓展population 指人口總數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但當(dāng)population前有分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。population還可以被large/small修飾，表示“人口眾多或稀少”，但不被many/few修飾，問(wèn)詢?nèi)丝诙嗌俪Ｓ镁湫停篧hat is the population of.？意為“人口有多少？”注：many/few可修飾people, How many people意為“多少人？”What is the population of Hangzhou? 相當(dāng)于 How many people are there in Hangzhou? 即學(xué)即用1： ( )The population of Shanghai is _ than that of Wenzhou. A. more B. fewer C. larger D. smallerC 2. look through 觀察思考 Two people are looking through the books in the bookstore. 兩個(gè)人正在書店里瀏覽書籍。 歸納拓展 look through 意為“瀏覽”。 與look有關(guān)的詞組有：look at看著；have a look看一下； look for尋找； look like看起來(lái)像； look after 照料； look up(在書中)查閱； look the same看起來(lái)一樣；look around四周環(huán)顧； look down on 輕視，看不起； look forward to 盼望，期待； look out注意； look over仔細(xì)檢查； look up and down上下打量。 即學(xué)即用2： ( )(1)Robert is old enough to _ himself. A. look out B. look through C. look for D. look after ( )(2)When you do not understand a word, you can it _ in this dictionary. A. look; for B. look; up C. look; at D. look; likeDB 3. end up 觀察思考 The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place. 船走的是不同的路線，但他們結(jié)束在同一地方。 We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. 我們對(duì)某些事感到很興奮，然后以講中文結(jié)束。 The party ended up with the song I Wish You Peace. 晚會(huì)以一曲祝你平安結(jié)束。歸納拓展end up 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“結(jié)束”， end up doing sth.finish doing sth.表示“結(jié)束干”。end up with 表示“以結(jié)束”，與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的短語(yǔ)有：start/begin with。 即學(xué)即用3： (1)He and listened to me. 他結(jié)束寫作，然后仔細(xì)聽我說(shuō)。 (2)At the dinner we usually begin with soup, and fruit. 在宴會(huì)上，開始的一道菜通常是湯，最后的一道是水果。ended up writingend up with重點(diǎn)句型 1. And you can see Disney Characters walking around Disneyland all the time. 并且你能看到迪士尼人物一直在迪士尼樂(lè)園走動(dòng)。 典例體驗(yàn) I saw him repair his bike. 我看見他修理他的自行車。 Perhaps we have seen young children playing together. 可能我們?cè)娺^(guò)小孩子們正一起玩。歸納拓展see sb. do sth.表示“看見某人做了某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)看到某人做某事的事實(shí)或做某事的全過(guò)程。see sb. doing sth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)只是看到某人做某事的部分階段，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)做完或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明是否看到做完。用法相類似的詞：hear; watch; notice。注：see/watch/notice動(dòng)詞原形，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上to。即學(xué)即用4： (1)This morning I saw him (do) his homework, but I dont know whether he has finished it or not. (2)This morning I saw him (do) his homework for some time and then play basketball. (3)He was seen (do) his homework this morning. doingdoto do 2. It is a nice day, isnt it? 典例體驗(yàn) The bus stops here, doesnt it? Yes, it does. 公共汽車停在這兒，是嗎？是的。 He wont come back, does he? Yes, he does. 他不會(huì)回來(lái)，是嗎？不，他會(huì)回來(lái)。 There was little water in the glass, was there？ 玻璃杯里幾乎沒(méi)水，是嗎？ Dont smoke here, will you? 不要在這兒吸煙，好嗎？ I think he is a good man, isnt he? 我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)好人，是嗎？歸納拓展此處所列的是反意疑問(wèn)句。反意疑問(wèn)句指說(shuō)話人對(duì)所陳述的事情有所懷 疑或不確定，想通過(guò)對(duì)方的回答來(lái)加以肯定或否定，結(jié)構(gòu)為“陳述句 反意疑問(wèn)句”，遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原則。疑問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞及主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與陳述部分保持一致。注：陳述部分若含有never, few, little, hardly, nothing等具有否定意義的詞時(shí)，后面的疑問(wèn)部分用肯定形式。祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句中，陳述部分無(wú)論是肯定還是否定，后面的疑問(wèn)部分都用will you？，但Lets.反意疑問(wèn)部分要用shall we? 即學(xué)即用5： (1)The old man has been to Taiwan, he? (2)He can play the guitar, he? (3)She hardly eats junk food, she? ( )(4)John had a short walk after lunch, _？(2011杭州) A. did he B. didnt he C. had he D. hadnt he ( )(5)Jim is never late for school, is he? _. Mr. Liu is angry with him. A. No, he isnt B. No, he is C. Yes, he is D. Yes, he isnthasntcantdoesBC 3. Ive never been to a water park. 我從未去過(guò)水上公園。 Me_neither. 我也沒(méi)去過(guò)。 典例體驗(yàn) He didnt go to school yesterday. Me neither. 昨天他沒(méi)去上學(xué)，我也沒(méi)去。 He didnt go to school yesterday. I didnt go to school, either. He didnt go to school yesterday. Neither/Nor did I. He has an EnglishChinese dictionary. Me too. 他有一本英漢字典，我也有。 He has an EnglishChinese dictionary, I have an English Chinese dictionary, too. He has an EnglishChinese dictionary, so do I .歸納拓展這種句型為：so系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)。屬倒裝語(yǔ)序。表示上句的主語(yǔ)做了什么，下句中的主語(yǔ)也做了同樣的事情。意為“也是這樣，也是如此”。so代替上文所講的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，so后的動(dòng)詞類型和時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和前一句中保持一致。neither/nor系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)。表示主語(yǔ)與上文所述的人或物有相同的否定概念。 即學(xué)即用6： ( )(1)Tom cant speak Chinese, _. A. neither can Linda B. neither Linda can C. Linda can neither D. can Linda neither ( )(2)If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so _ I (2011安徽) A. do B . am C. will D. shouldAC 4. It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 觀察思考 They will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow. 他們明天會(huì)在大廳里開會(huì)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It is they that/who will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.就是他們明天要在大廳里開會(huì)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It is a meeting that they will have in the hall tomorrow.就是這個(gè)會(huì)議，他們明天要在大廳里開。 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：It is in the hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow.就是在這個(gè)大廳，他們明天要在那兒開會(huì)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the hall.就是明天，他們要在大廳里開會(huì)。歸納拓展It is/was 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 that/who/whom 句子剩余部分。這個(gè)句型用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)以外的各種句子成分，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分必須放在it is/was 后面，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，可以用who/whom 來(lái)代替that。 即學(xué)即用7： ( ) _was five years ago _ I traveled to Hainan. A. It; when B. This; when C. It; that D. This; thatC 5. Have you ever travelled to another province of China? 典例體驗(yàn) I have finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。 I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old. 我從十歲起就住在上海。 He has kept my bike for five days. 他借我的自行車有五天了。 I have read the book three times. 這本書我看了三遍。歸納拓展現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasdone.常與ever, never, already, yet, before, so far，“for時(shí)間段”，“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”等連用。注：當(dāng)與for, since連用時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)詞須換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。例：comebe in; leavebe away; openbe open; closebe closed; begin/startbe on; borrowkeep; buyhave等。 即學(xué)即用8： ( )(1)I _ my hometown for a long time, I really miss it！ (2011重慶) A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from ( )(2)I have lived in this city _ I was born. A. since B. when C. for D. before (3)The class began half an hour ago. The class for half an hour.DAhas been on易混辨異 1. have been to, have gone to, have been in 觀察思考 He has been to Beijing. 他去過(guò)北京。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 He has been in Beijing for ten years. 他在北京呆了十年了。 歸納拓展 have been to 表示“去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了”。 have gone to 表示“去某地了，現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有回來(lái)”。 have been in 表示“在某地多久了”。 即學(xué)即用9： ( )(1)Wheres Joan? She _ America. She will be back in three days. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has gone ( )(2)I have never _ Mountain Emei. A. been to B. gone to C. been D. goneBA ( )(3)Why dont they go to the museum? They _ there twice. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in D. have been ( )(4)We _ the city for two months. A . have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have beenDC 2. it, one, that 觀察思考 How nice your watch is! Where did you buy it? I want to buy one. 你的手表真漂亮！你在哪兒買的，我想買一塊。 The weather in Beijing is different from that in Wenzhou. 北京的天氣和溫州的天氣不一樣。歸納拓展it 可用來(lái)指代前文提到的那個(gè)事物，前后是同一個(gè)事物。one用來(lái)指代前文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞，表示同類事物中的一個(gè)。that可用來(lái)指代前文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。它與前面的名詞是同類但不是同一事物，多用于事物的比較時(shí)避免重復(fù)。指代內(nèi)容若為復(fù)數(shù)，常用those。 即學(xué)即用10： ( )(1)The apple is so sweet, can you please give me another _？ A. it B. one C. that D. this ( )(2)Last Sunday I bought a dictionary. _ cost me 50 yuan. A. it B. this C . that D. one ( )(3)The weather in summer here is like _ in Beijing. A. this B. that C. it D. itsBAB對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練. 用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 happenfewthroughawaycross 1. Mr William looked the morning newspaper in a hurry. He found there was nothing important in it. 2. I saw a traffic accident on my way home. Its so terrible. 3. To the road is dangerous when the traffic lights are red. 4. Mr Black isnt in his office. He has been for half an hour. 5. students are late for school though the rain is heavy, are they?throughhappencrossawayFew . 單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1. Im expecting a digital camera for long, but dad has no time to buy _ for me. (2011嘉興) A. it B. one C. this D. that 解析：考查代詞。句意：我一直想要一個(gè)數(shù)碼相機(jī)很久了， 但爸爸沒(méi)時(shí)間去買一個(gè)給我?！皁ne指代上文提到的同類 產(chǎn)品中的一個(gè)”符合題意。B ( )2. You like listening to Sallys songs, dont you? _. She has a sweet voice.(2011紹興) A. Yes, I do B. Yes, she does C. No, I dont D. No, she doesnt 解析：考查反意疑問(wèn)句。下文：她有一個(gè)甜美的聲音。 判斷我喜歡聽薩利的歌。故“Yes, I do”符合題意。A ( )3. In China it is a custom to give kids lucky money, _ during the Spring Festival.(2011麗水) A. finally B. luckily C. simply D. especially 解析：考查副詞辨析。句意：在中國(guó)給紅包是一個(gè)風(fēng)俗， 尤其在春節(jié)期間。“especially尤其”符合題意。D ( )4. We have to _ ourselves when we are away from home. (2011溫州) A. look at B. look for C. look up D. look after 解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。下文：當(dāng)我們離開家時(shí)。 判斷此處填入“l(fā)ook after 照顧”。D ( )5. It was when he got home _ Jim found that he lost his purse. A. that B. where C. before D. until 解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)吉姆找到他丟失的錢包的時(shí)間。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式為it is強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that.。A ( )6. Could you tell me what time the train leaves Hefei for Beijing? Im afraid you need to _ on the Internet. A. look for it B. look at it C. look it over D. look it up 解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意你能告訴我火車什么時(shí)候 離開合肥去北京嗎？恐怕你必須在因特網(wǎng)上查找。 “l(fā)ook up 查找”符合題意。D ( )7. Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? Yes. I _ there for three days with my parents last month. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was 解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。last month上個(gè)月，表示過(guò)去時(shí)間， 則相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用過(guò)去式。故選C。D ( )8. Wheres your brother now, Bob? I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _. A. playing; dont do so B. playing; not to do so C. play; to do so D. play; not to do so 解析：考查固定用法及動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：剛才我看見他 正在街上玩，我叫他不要那樣做。see sb. doing sth.看見 某人正在做某事，tell sb. not to do sth.告訴某人不要做某 事。故選B。 B ( )9. _ you _ Dianchi Lake these days? Yes, I have. The water is getting cleaner and the mountains are more beautiful. A. Have; gone to B. Have; been to C. Did; go to D. Have; been in 解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及短語(yǔ)辨析。詢問(wèn)“別人去過(guò)某地”， 用have you been to.？故選B。B ( )10. _ the population of Hong Kong? Seven million people. A . How is B. How much is C. What are D. What is 解析：考查固定用法。詢問(wèn)人口句式有：What is the population of.？故選D。D ( )11. Millions of people know about Susan Boyle now, _？ _， she becomes wellknown because of her success on Britains Got Talent. A. do they; No B. do they; Yes C. dont they; No D. dont they; Yes 解析：考查反意疑問(wèn)句。附加部分遵循“前肯，后否”原則。 故前一空填入dont they；根據(jù)下文：她很著名。判斷應(yīng)用 肯定回答。故選D。D ( )12. I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday. _， and _. A. So she did; so did I B. So did she; so I did C. So she was; so I was D. So was she; so I was 解析：考查句式。句意：我聽說(shuō)昨天陽(yáng)艷在畢業(yè)典禮上做了 演講。表示這是一個(gè)事實(shí)，用so she did.；表示我也一樣 (做了演講)，用so did I。故選A。A寫作訓(xùn)練 感悟提升 下圖是Gina對(duì)班上同學(xué)的周末活動(dòng)進(jìn)行調(diào)查后得出的結(jié)果，可見同學(xué)們的周末活動(dòng)是豐富多彩的。想想你和你的同學(xué)是如何度過(guò)周末的，寫一篇名為“Weekend Activities”的文章談?wù)勀銈兊闹苣┗顒?dòng)。 要求：1.語(yǔ)意連貫，句式規(guī)范，字跡工整； 2文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實(shí)校名和姓名； 3詞數(shù)6080； 4開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Weekend Activities In my class, most of my classmates have colorful weekends. _ _ _ 思路點(diǎn)撥 仔細(xì)分析題目要求可知，圖表中的內(nèi)容并非要點(diǎn)提示，只起到引出話題、啟發(fā)想象的作用，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況，圍繞“你和你的同學(xué)是如何度過(guò)周末的”展開寫作。切忌將圖表內(nèi)容作為寫作素材，因?yàn)閳D表中反映的是Gina班級(jí)的情況，而本題需要描述自己的情形，文章最后還應(yīng)提出自己的想法。 參考短語(yǔ)及句式 play sports(play basketball/football.), surf the Internet, study at home, hang out, go shopping, watch the movies, visit the grandparent, . In the morining, we usually . On Sunday afternoon, I often play basketball with . Some of us ., others . I like . Girls like . We feel .參考答案Weekend Activities In my class, most of my classmates have colorful weekends. In the morning，we usually study at home. In the afternoon，some of us play sports, some play computer games with friends online, others visit their friends and enjoy staying with them. I like surfing the Internet on Saturday afternoon. On Sunday morning, I usually play basketball with my father. That is my favorite time. Girls always like hanging out and going shopping with friends on Sunday. We are very relaxed on weekends.完成考點(diǎn)跟蹤訓(xùn)練 18