第 10 10 講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞to listenwatchinggoinghaving一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Our parents tell us _ (listen) carefully in class.2 I prefer_ (watch) TV at home to _ (go)out on such a rainy day.openingnot to hang3How about_ (have) a party this weekend?4Would you mind_ (open) the door for me?5We have decided_ (not hang) out after school.二、完成句子，每空一詞tofinish1It took me two hours_ _ (完成) my mathhomework last night.tolearnhowtodrive2 It is difficult _ _ _ _ (學(xué)習(xí)如何開(kāi)車(chē))indoing3They have many difficulties _ _ (做) thehard job.whattodo4We dont know_ _ _ (該干什么)next.stoppedcrying5 The little boy _ _ ( 停止哭泣) andlaughed again.年份考點(diǎn)題型分值2012不定式作主語(yǔ)(it takes/took sb.timeto do sth.)單項(xiàng)填空(44)12011不定式作賓語(yǔ)(finditadj.to dosth.)單項(xiàng)填空(41)12010“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”作賓語(yǔ)(how touse)單項(xiàng)填空(34)120102012 年廣東省卷考點(diǎn)一覽表動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的作用1作賓語(yǔ)(1)常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, plan,decide, learn, agree, try 等。如：I want to play basketball this weekend.這個(gè)周末我想打籃球。The boy decided to get up early the next day.男孩決定第二天早點(diǎn)起床。后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)，一個(gè)要求莫拒絕(demand, refuse)，設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定(manage, learn, decide)，不要假裝在選擇(pretend, choose)。(2)在常用句型“find/thinkitadj.to do sth.”中，it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(adj.)后面。如：I find it great to walk along such a beautiful river.我發(fā)現(xiàn)沿著這么漂亮的河邊散步真是太棒了。2作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常接動(dòng)詞不 定 式 作 賓 語(yǔ) 補(bǔ) 足 語(yǔ) 的 動(dòng) 詞 有 ： want, wish, tell, ask, teach,encourage, invite, allow, urge 等。如：My mother wants me to be a teacher.我媽媽想讓我成為一名教師。She asked the students to say something.她讓學(xué)生們說(shuō)一說(shuō)。3作狀語(yǔ)They stay there to wait for the latest news.他們待在那里等待最新的消息。(作目的狀語(yǔ))They are too tired to walk.他們太累了以至于走不動(dòng)了。(作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))4作表語(yǔ)Her work is to teach English.她的工作是教英語(yǔ)。5.作定語(yǔ)(不定式必須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后)They have no house to live in.他們無(wú)房子可住。6.作主語(yǔ)(常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而往往將動(dòng)詞不定式后置)It takes us hours to do our homework every day.我們每天要花上數(shù)小時(shí)做家庭作業(yè)。Its not easy to learn a foreign language well.學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)不容易。動(dòng)詞不定式基本用法：不定式有標(biāo)記，to 與動(dòng)原連一起；沒(méi)有人稱數(shù)變化，動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備；主賓定補(bǔ)表狀語(yǔ)，唯獨(dú)作謂不可以；Not 加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記；疑問(wèn)詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)有意義；仔細(xì)推敲多思考，準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞不定式的省略形式1作 make (使得)/let (讓，允許)/have (請(qǐng)) 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式常省略 to。如：The funny child made everyone laugh.這個(gè)有趣的孩子讓每個(gè)人都笑了。注意：當(dāng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略的 to 要加上。如：Everyone was made to laugh by the funny child.每個(gè)人都被這個(gè)有趣的孩子逗笑了。2感觀動(dòng)詞“see/watch/notice/hearsb.do”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程或經(jīng)常性。如：All of us heard her sing.我們?nèi)悸?tīng)到了她唱歌。3had better (not) do sth.意為“最好(不要)做某事”，是固定搭配。4Why not do. ？Why dont you do. ？意為“為何不做”，用于提出建議。5would rather do.than do. 意 為 “ 寧 愿 做 而 不 愿做”。疑問(wèn)詞不定式有些動(dòng)詞，如 ask, know, learn, decide, tell, show, teach 等，后面可接“疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞不定式”作賓語(yǔ)。不定式可以和疑 問(wèn)代 詞(who, whom, whose, what, which) 或 疑問(wèn) 副詞 (when,where, how, why)連用構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。如：I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪兒。He asked how to do it.他問(wèn)怎么做。后接“疑問(wèn)詞to do”作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：學(xué)會(huì)忘記有難處(learn, forget)，想知道就別來(lái)勸告(wonder, know, advise)，展開(kāi)討論教人對(duì)付(show, discuss, teach)，弄清楚才決定告訴(find out, decide, tell)。()1.(2012 年廣東)It took me two weeks _reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.AfinishBto finishCfinishesDFinishingBIt takes sb. 時(shí)間to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事，是固定搭配，故選 B。()2.(2012 年廣東廣州)I asked her_the bagbecause it was too expensive.A.not to buyB.to buy notC.not buyingD.not buyA 題意：我要她不要買(mǎi)這個(gè)包，因?yàn)樘F了。ask sb.to dosth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事，其否定形式為 ask sb.not to do sth.，故選 A。)3.(2012 年廣東深圳)What are the _ doing(there?They arebusy _ their scienceAboys students; to doBboy students; to doCboys students; doingDboy students; doingD 用一個(gè)名詞來(lái)作另一個(gè)名詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常只需將后一個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)(用 man, woman 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需要兩個(gè)都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù))；be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事。 故選 D。experiment.()4.(2012 年廣東深圳)Its time for dinner, Linda.Letsout this evening. Nice.But I prefer Chinese food _ western food.Aeat; toCeat; thanBto eat; thanDto eat; toA let 后加省略 to 的不定式，即動(dòng)詞原形；prefer A to B比起 B 來(lái)更喜歡 A。()5.(2012 年廣東深圳)Would you like _ theWutong Mountain tomorrow?If my mother _, I will go with you.Aclimbing; will allowBclimbing; allowsCto climb; allowsDto climb; will allowC題意：“你明天愿意去爬梧桐山嗎？”“如果我媽媽同意，我就跟你去?！眞ould like to do sth.愿意做某事，是固定搭配?！癐f my mother.”是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，故選 C。()6.(2012 年廣東湛江)Its going to rain.Remember_ an umbrellaAll right, Mom.AtakingCto takewhen you go to school.BbringingDto bringC remember to do sth.記住要做某事，remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事，根據(jù)題意可知事情“未做”，故可以排除 A、B 兩項(xiàng)。take 意為“帶走”，bring 意為“帶來(lái)”，故選 C。()7.(2012 年廣東肇慶)Our teacher always tells us_ time playing computer games.Anot to wasteBnot wasteCdont wasteA tell sb.(not) to do sth.告訴某人(不要)做某事。()8.(2012 年廣東肇慶)How do you feel when youwatch the national flag go up? It makes me _ very proud.AfeelBfeltCto feelAmake 的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用省略 to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，即 make sb.do sth.(使某人做某事)。()9.(2012 年廣東茂名)Can you see the girl _outside the classroom? She is Miss Lis daughter. Astands Bstanding CStand B 題意：你看到站在教室外的那個(gè)女孩了嗎？她是李老師的女兒。句中已有謂語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式，standing 作后置定語(yǔ)，表示 stand 這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的。()10.(2012 年廣東梅州)Its too hot.Would you mindmy _ the window?_.Do it as you like, please.A.to open; OKB.opening; Certainly notC.opening; Of courseD.open; Good ideaB mind sb.(s) doing sth.介意某人做某事；且根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知是不介意，故可用 certainly not (當(dāng)然不)來(lái)回答。()11.(2012 年廣東梅州)If anyone ever asks her how oldshe is, she always answers, “My dear, it must be terrible_！”A.grown upC.be grown upB.being grown upD.to be grown upD itsadj.to do sth.做某事怎么樣；be grown up 長(zhǎng)大成人。()12.(2011 年廣東)Try to sing more English songs, youwill find it interesting _ a foreign language.AlearningClearnBlearnsDto learnD 根據(jù)句型“finditadj.to do sth.”可知選 D。()13.(2011 年廣東廣州)I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _ for dinner with us?A.goC.to goB.did you goD.do you goA “Why not do sth.？”是表示提建議的常用句型。()14.(2011 年廣東深圳)Do you often go swimmingSunday mornings?Yes.Why not _ with me this Sunday?A.on; goC.on; goingB.in; to goD.in; goingA表示在具體某一天的上午要用介詞 on; why not do sth.意為“為什么不做某事”。()15.(2011 年廣東深圳)The doctor told me _too much, but I find it difficult.The doctor is right.The less you drink, _ you willbe.A.dont drink; the healthierB.not to drink; the healthierC.not to drink; the more healthierD.dont drink; healthierBtell sb.not to do sth. 告訴某人不要做某事；“the 比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)”表示“越就越”，healthy 的比較級(jí)是 healthier，前面不能用 more 修飾。故選 B。()16.(2011 年廣東佛山)After the earthquake hit Japan,many international organizations offered _.A.to helpingB.to helpC.HelpingB offer to do sth.主動(dòng)提出做某事。()17.(2011 年廣東肇慶)The assistant wont let you_ the cinema if you havent a ticket.A.enterBto enterCEnteringA let sb.do sth.讓某人做某事。()18.(2011 年廣東茂名)I often hear her _ thissong.Listen! Cant you hear her _ in the next room?A.sing; singB.singing; singingC.sing; singingC hear sb.do sth.表示“聽(tīng)到某人做某事的全過(guò)程”或表示經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到某人做某事，hear sb.doing sth.表示“聽(tīng)到某人正在做某事”。()19.(2010 年廣東)We can use QQ to chat with eachother on the Internet.Really? Will you please show me _ it?A.how to useC.how can I useB.what to useD.what can I useA 賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，排除 C、D；因已有賓語(yǔ) it，故“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”中的疑問(wèn)詞要用 how 而不用 what。故選A。()20.(2010 年廣東廣州)The teacher told the students_ any food into the computer room.A.not to bringC.dont bringB.not bringD.bring notA動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是直接在前面加 not 。tellsb.not to do sth.告訴某人不要做某事。()21.(2010 年廣東深圳)The weather report says thereis going to _ a typhoon tonight.So we had better _ out.A.be; not goC.be; not to goB.have; not goD.have; not to goA there be 句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式為 there will be 或 thereis going to be; had better not do sth.意為“最好不做某事”。()22.(2010 年廣東梅州)Tell him _ the teacherand _ the window.A.to listen to; not look out ofB.to listen to; not to look outC.to listen to; not to look out ofD.listen to; dont look out ofC tell sb.(not) to do sth.告訴某人(不要)做某事；look out ofthe window 朝窗外看。()23.(2010 年廣東佛山)Remember _ yourpersonal information to strangers.Its dangerous.A.to tellB.not to tellCnot tellBremember (not) to do sth. 記 得 ( 不 ) 要 做 某事 。 由 “Itsdangerous.”可知此處表示否定，故選 B。()24.(2010 年廣東湛江)What did your father say justnow?He told me not _ in the street.A.runC.runningB.runsD.to runD tell sb.(not) to do sth.告訴某人(不要)做某事。