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1、不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式, ,由由 “to+動詞原形動詞原形” 構成，沒有人稱和構成，沒有人稱和數的變化，在句中不能獨立作謂語。數的變化，在句中不能獨立作謂語。但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等。等。Grammar: the Infinitive1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled peopl

2、e in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. 辨別下面不定式在句子中充當的成分辨別下面不定式在句子中充當的成分:subjectsubjectPredicative (表語表語)4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pe

3、t snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. attributeattributeobjectobject8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial a

4、ssistance to disabled people. Adverbial (狀語狀語)adverbialobject complement一一. 不定式在句中的功能不定式在句中的功能1. 作主語作主語:那樣做是很幼稚的那樣做是很幼稚的.To act like that is childish. 為避免句子出現為避免句子出現 “頭重腳輕頭重腳輕”現象，常用現象，常用it 做形式主語，將真正主語的不定式后置。做形式主語，將真正主語的不定式后置。要學好英語不是那么容易的。要學好英語不是那么容易的。e.g. It is not easy to learn English well.2. 作賓語作

5、賓語她喜歡談論這件事情。她喜歡談論這件事情。e.g. She loves to talk about the matter.他希望不久能找到工作。他希望不久能找到工作。He hopes to find a job soon.他答應不把這事告訴任何人。他答應不把這事告訴任何人。He promised not to tell anyone about it.常接不定式做賓語的動詞有：常接不定式做賓語的動詞有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide,

6、demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, wish等等. 你記得哪一條路到那兒嗎？你記得哪一條路到那兒嗎？ Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你決定了嗎下一步干什么你決定了嗎? Have you decided what to do next? 我來問他怎么樣開這機器。我來問他怎么樣開這機器。 Ill ask him how t

7、o operate the machine.1) 不定式有時和連接代詞不定式有時和連接代詞/副詞構成賓語。副詞構成賓語。2) 有時不定式由有時不定式由whether引起。引起。 I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等動詞后如果是不定式做賓語，等動詞后如果是不定式做賓語， 補語是形容詞補語是形容詞(間或是名詞間或是名詞)，常用，常用it作形作形 式賓語，把不定式后移。式賓語，把不定式后移。 I find it difficult to

8、work with him.She asked me to stay there.Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.Father will not allow us to play on the street.My brother asked me to clean the room with him.3. 作賓語補足語作賓語補足語: 動詞動詞+賓語賓語+帶帶to的不定式的不定式 常帶常帶 to 的不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有的不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, wa

9、nt, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等等.在主動結構中在主動結構中, 下列動詞后作賓補的動詞不定式應下列動詞后作賓補的動詞不定式應省略省略to: “五看五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使三使”(make, let, have) “兩聽兩聽”(hear, listen to)“一感覺一感覺”(feel)。e.g. Who

10、made him work all night long? The policeman saw a child play in the street. Dont make the children do such heavy work. Shall I have him come here?但是但是, 改為被動結構后改為被動結構后, 應補出省略的應補出省略的to。e.g. He was seen to break the window.The policeman saw a child play in the street. A child was seen to play in the st

11、reet by the policeman.4. 作表語作表語不定式可用作表語，說明主語的具體內容。不定式可用作表語，說明主語的具體內容。My work is to clean the room every day.我的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生。我的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生。His dream is to be a doctor.我的工作是幫助病人。我的工作是幫助病人。My job is to help the patient 5. 作定語作定語不定式放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面，往往不定式放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面，往往表示未發(fā)生的動作。表示未發(fā)生的動作。I have a lot of work to d

12、o.She is the first student to come to school.I have some books for you to read. She is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. 6. 作狀語作狀語目的狀語目的狀語: 常用的結構常用的結構to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.結果狀語結果狀語: 常與常與only , enoug

13、h 或或too連用。連用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.原因狀語原因狀語: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.二二. 不定式的否定結構：不定式的否定結構：不定式的否定結構多由不定式的否定結構多由“not +不定式不定式”構成，構成， 否定副詞否定副詞 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。請告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。請告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Please

14、tell your child not to play in the street.她檢查名字為了不犯錯誤。她檢查名字為了不犯錯誤。She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.三三. 不定式的時態(tài)：不定式的時態(tài)：1.一般時表示的動作一般時表示的動作, 有時與謂語動詞表示的有時與謂語動詞表示的 動作同時發(fā)生動作同時發(fā)生, 有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的 動作之后。動作之后。 He seems to know this.他似乎知道這事。他似乎知道這事。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再見到你。我希望再

15、見到你。2. 完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的 動作之前。動作之前。 很抱歉給了你這么多麻煩。很抱歉給了你這么多麻煩。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.3. 一般進行時表示的動作正在進行一般進行時表示的動作正在進行, 與謂語與謂語 動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 他好象正在吃什么東西。他好象正在吃什么東西。 He seems to be eating something.4. 完成進行時表示的動作從過去開始并延續(xù)完成進行時表示的動作從過去開始并延續(xù) 至說話的時候。至說話的時候。 據說

16、她研究這問題有好多年了。據說她研究這問題有好多年了。 She is said to have been working on the problem for many years. Practice1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest2. Were planning _ a party next week. A. to have B. have C. having

17、 D. had C A 3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? -Neither. A. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend4. Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven? A. When to take B. to take C. have taken D. being takenB A 5. _ get a complete picture, further information is needed.

18、A. In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have 6. Its necessary _ some English grammar. A. for students to learn B. for students learning C. of students to learn D. of students learningB A 7. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to do so. A. remember to tell B. remember telling C. have remem

19、bered to tell D. have remembered tellingC 8. I _ you the exciting news, but you were not at home. A. meant telling B. meant to telling C. meant to having told D. meant to tellD For more exercises, click here.高考鏈接高考鏈接1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. ( (2008全國全國

20、I卷卷) ) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB 2. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding3. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. to welcome B.

21、welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomedA C 4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷湖南卷) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete5. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. don

22、e D. doingD A 6. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (07江西卷江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained7. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (07浙江卷浙江卷) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heardD A 1. Summarize the rules of infinitive in your own way.2. Finish the exercises of the textbook on Page 5.Homework