時態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)是廣東高考語法填空中的必時態(tài)和語態(tài)是廣東高考語法填空中的必考點，每年必考考點，每年必考1題。究竟考些什么內(nèi)容？題。究竟考些什么內(nèi)容？現(xiàn)將考點簡述如下：現(xiàn)將考點簡述如下：1. 時態(tài)。時態(tài)。時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式，表示動作發(fā)生的時間和所處的狀態(tài)。式，表示動作發(fā)生的時間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時態(tài)是通過動詞形式本身的變化英語中的時態(tài)是通過動詞形式本身的變化來實現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時態(tài)有來實現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時態(tài)有16種，但種，但高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種：高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種： 10種時態(tài)種時態(tài) 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成(以以do為例為例) 主要用法主要用法 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 do/does 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作，客觀事實，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作，客觀事實，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) 一般過去時一般過去時 did 在過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)在過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 一般將來時一般將來時 will/shall do 在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 過去將來時過去將來時 would do 在過去某一時刻看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的在過去某一時刻看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)狀態(tài) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am/is/are doing 表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作 過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時 was/were doing 表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作 將來進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時 will/shall be doing 表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has done 表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)作或狀態(tài) 過去完成時過去完成時 had done 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動詞，即成的動詞，即“過去的過去過去的過去” 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 have/has been doing 表示一個從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可表示一個從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作能繼續(xù)下去的動作 注：注：(1)表示將來還有多種形式，如：表示將來還有多種形式，如：“be going to +動詞原形動詞原形”“”“be to+動詞原形動詞原形”“”“ be about to+動詞原形動詞原形”等。在飛機(jī)、火車等時刻等。在飛機(jī)、火車等時刻表中規(guī)定的事情，或在時間狀語從句或條件狀表中規(guī)定的事情，或在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來；表示計語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來；表示計劃好的活動，還常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示。劃好的活動，還常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示。(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always，continually，constantly等連用，表示說話人的某種情感，如等連用，表示說話人的某種情感，如贊揚，遺憾，討厭或不滿等。如：贊揚，遺憾，討厭或不滿等。如：He is always helping others.他總是幫助別人。他總是幫助別人。(贊揚贊揚)2. 語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。被動主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同時構(gòu)成，不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的形式由態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的形式由be來體現(xiàn)，如一來體現(xiàn)，如一般過去時的被動語態(tài)就是般過去時的被動語態(tài)就是“was/were+過去分詞過去分詞”，一般將來時的被動語態(tài)就，一般將來時的被動語態(tài)就是是“will be +過去分詞過去分詞”。在廣東高考英語語法填空中，一般有一在廣東高考英語語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)，同時有一空是考空是考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)，同時有一空是考查非謂語動詞，因此，首先要判斷括號中所查非謂語動詞，因此，首先要判斷括號中所給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；若是謂給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，一是根據(jù)主語與謂語動詞的關(guān)系判語動詞，一是根據(jù)主語與謂語動詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)，二是根據(jù)具斷用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)，二是根據(jù)具體的語境來判斷用哪一種時態(tài)，進(jìn)而確定所體的語境來判斷用哪一種時態(tài)，進(jìn)而確定所填動詞的形式。填動詞的形式。例例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008廣東廣東)分析：因句中分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是動名詞短語作主語，括號中的是動名詞短語作主語，括號中的result應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動詞；應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動詞；主語與謂語動詞是主動關(guān)系，再說短語動詞主語與謂語動詞是主動關(guān)系，再說短語動詞result in本身本身是不能用于被動語態(tài)的，故用主動語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境，這是不能用于被動語態(tài)的，故用主動語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境，這段話是拔苗助長這個成語故事所說明的道理，段話是拔苗助長這個成語故事所說明的道理，“我們必我們必須讓事物沿著它們的自然進(jìn)程發(fā)展。太著急幫助一件事須讓事物沿著它們的自然進(jìn)程發(fā)展。太著急幫助一件事物發(fā)展，結(jié)果往往和我們的意圖相反（欲速則不達(dá)）。物發(fā)展，結(jié)果往往和我們的意圖相反（欲速則不達(dá)）?！边@是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單這是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填數(shù)，故填results。例例2：The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ (place) under the Ministers car. (2005廣東廣東)分析：替代分析：替代the box的關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句在定語從句中作主語，中作主語，place應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動詞；因主語應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動詞；因主語which (the box)與與place (放置放置)是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；又因態(tài)；又因place這個動作發(fā)生在這個動作發(fā)生在was caught這個動這個動作之前，即作之前，即“過去的過去過去的過去”，用過去完成時的被，用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填動語態(tài)，故填had been placed。一、單句填空：用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。一、單句填空：用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.The house belongs to my aunt but she _ (not live) here any more. (全國全國I)2. This machine _ (not work). It hasnt worked for years. (浙江浙江)3. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全國全國)4. Population experts predict that most people _(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春上海春)doesnt live doesnt work will increase will live 5. He _(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津天津)6. Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. (寧夏寧夏)7. Teenagers _(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重慶重慶)8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南湖南)played joined are damaging was talking 9. John promised his doctor he _ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京北京)10. By this time tomorrow, I_ (lie) on the beach11. So far this year we _ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建福建)would not smoke will be lying have seen 12. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京北京)13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ (know) each other for years. (遼寧遼寧)had stayed had known 14. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ (prepare) for it for months. (江蘇江蘇)15. The telephone _ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川四川)16. Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _(invite). (陜西陜西)has been preparing was ringing was invited 17. Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ (test). (浙江浙江)18. I like these English songs and they _ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽安徽)is being tested have been taught 19. No decision _ (make) about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. (北京北京)20. Do you have any problems if you _(offer) this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. (湖南湖南)will be made are offered 二、語篇填空二、語篇填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為3140的相應(yīng)位的相應(yīng)位置上。置上。(以動詞時態(tài)為主以動詞時態(tài)為主)(1) It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1_(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2_(take) out my key 3_ I couldnt find it. I suddenly remembered that I had left 4_ on my desk in the office. It really didnt make 5_ difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school 6_ now, so I knocked at the door. was wearing to take but it any by There was no answer, so I knocked again. I 7_(continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 _ (phone) saying that she 9_(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 10_ a window. continued had phone would go through (2) When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother 1_(turn) the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand. “Wouldnt it work 2_(quick) if a machine turned the wheel for you?” he asked. “I suppose it would,” said his mother, without 3_(pay) him any attention. Christopher 4_(know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted 5_ (help) her. turning/turn quicker paying knew to help Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father had bought 6 _ as a gift. “I 7_(make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 8_(not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 9_(finish), he was quite pleased, 10_(think) his mother 11_(like) it.him shall/will make was not using was finished thinking would like “Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat down and went on 12 _ (turn) the wheel by hand. “I 13 _(work) like this for too many years,” she explained.This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries 14_ (improve) anything 15_(have) to learn: Many people dont like new ideas. turning have been working to improve has