1(2)21.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that / who+句子的其余部分。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型主要用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等句子成分。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，可用who, whom代替that。例如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型3Mr Smith bought a new car from the factory last year.史密斯去年從工廠買了一輛新車。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It was Mr Smith that/who bought a new car from the factory last year.去年從工廠買新車的是史密斯先生。4強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It was a new car that Mr Smith bought from the factory last year.史密斯先生去年從工廠買的是一輛新車。強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)：It was from the factory last year that Mr Smith bought a new car.去年史密斯先生是從工廠買的新車。5強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句形式是： Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+whothat+? 例如：Was it from the factory that Mr Smith bought a new car last year?去年史密斯先生是從工廠買新車的嗎？6特殊疑問(wèn)句形式是：疑問(wèn)詞+iswas+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that? 例如：Where was it that Mr Smith bought a new car last year?去年史密斯先生是從哪里買的新車？72.使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句的幾個(gè)注意方面：（1）not until 結(jié)構(gòu)用于句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)通常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。但在“It is/was not until that”句型中，that后的主謂不倒裝。例如：8Not until he came back did I know the truth. 直到他回來(lái)，我才知道真相。It was not until he came back that I knew the truth. 直到他回來(lái)，我才知道真相。9（2）被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語(yǔ)，whothat之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該在人稱和數(shù)上與原句中的主語(yǔ)保持一致:It is I who am right.我是對(duì)的。It is he who is wrong.他是錯(cuò)的。It is the students who are in need of practice. 學(xué)生需要練習(xí)。10（3）被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用when, where, because，要用that。例如：It was because of the heavy rain that he came late. 是因?yàn)榇笥晁t到的。11（4）被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。例如：It was the things and people that they couldnt forget.他們不能忘記的是這些人和事。12（5）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于賓語(yǔ)從句，為一大熱門考點(diǎn)。例如：“She looks sad. Could you please tell me what it is that prevents her from being as happy as before?”“她看起很悲傷，請(qǐng)你告訴我是什么讓她沒(méi)有以前那樣快樂(lè)？”13（6）考試試題中常將定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型合考，從而增加試題的迷惑性。例如:It was in Beihai Park where they made a date for the first time that the old couple told us their love story.這對(duì)老夫婦向我們講述他們的愛(ài)情故事是從北海公園的第一次約會(huì)開(kāi)始的。14（7）強(qiáng)調(diào)句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:It was at 6 oclock that he came back.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）他是6點(diǎn)鐘回來(lái)的。It was 6 oclock when he came back.（狀語(yǔ)從句）當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)，已是6點(diǎn)鐘了。15() 1. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. (2010安徽卷)A. where B. thatC. when D. which16B考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。迷惑點(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that she had bought in the village。 17() 2. Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extra stress. (2009北京卷)A. it B. themC. one D. him18Ait在句中代指being the parent of a child with special needs; 故選A。 19() 3. Ive read another book this week. Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. ( 2009浙江卷)A. this B. thatC. there D. it 20D考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。把“is”和句中的that省略后，該句話依舊成立，由此可知該題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以答案只能是it。如果不能準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分句子結(jié)構(gòu)是該題出錯(cuò)的主要原因。21() 4. Is it OK if I take this seat? Sorry, _. (2009遼寧卷)A. here you are B. take itC. its taken D. never mind22C由sorry可知座位已經(jīng)有人了，故選its taken。 it 作代詞指代前文的seat。A項(xiàng)“給你”的意思；B項(xiàng)“做吧” ；C項(xiàng)“沒(méi)關(guān)系”，道歉時(shí)的答語(yǔ)，這三項(xiàng)都和上下文意思不吻合。 23短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧【要點(diǎn)概述】一、題型特點(diǎn)：本題給出一篇短文，詞數(shù)在100120左右，其中10行右邊標(biāo)有題號(hào)，要求考生就這10行判斷是否有錯(cuò)，如有錯(cuò)即將其改正。錯(cuò)誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等。24二、考點(diǎn)分布：1詞法上，主要涉及：(1)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法等。(2)名詞、代詞的數(shù)、格。(3)形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)。(4)主謂語(yǔ)一致及其他的一致關(guān)系。(5)連詞、關(guān)系詞的使用等。252句法上，主要涉及簡(jiǎn)單句否定、疑問(wèn)、倒裝、省略、替代等變化。3行文邏輯上，主要涉及人物的性別及與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞、句意的并列與轉(zhuǎn)折、時(shí)間的順序、數(shù)量的增減以及因果的倒置等。26 三、解題方法： 1通讀全文，把握大意。 短文改錯(cuò)涉及邏輯行文錯(cuò)誤，及句子與句子之間必要的聯(lián)系。單獨(dú)看可能是對(duì)的，但從整體看卻與上下文不符，因此，事先必須通讀全文，把握文章的大意及上下文之間的聯(lián)系。 27 2記住多、漏、錯(cuò)及正確項(xiàng)命題的數(shù)量比例。在短文改錯(cuò)中正確項(xiàng)一般只有一個(gè)，多項(xiàng)1到2個(gè)，漏項(xiàng)1到2個(gè)，錯(cuò)項(xiàng)6個(gè)左右。這一比例告訴我們應(yīng)從哪些方面去發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，怎樣改正錯(cuò)誤。 283分句閱讀，逐行改錯(cuò)。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子分布在上下兩行時(shí)，一句中可能有兩處錯(cuò)誤；如果一行中有兩個(gè)句子，則不會(huì)兩句都有錯(cuò)。要著重從以下諸方面去發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題：(1)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(2)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、代詞與格、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)。(3)冠詞、不定代詞等一些名詞前的限定詞及不定式符號(hào)to多用、少用或錯(cuò)用。29(4)介詞與名詞、形容詞搭配以及作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的名詞短語(yǔ)前的介詞。(5)不及物動(dòng)詞后是否缺介詞或副詞、及物動(dòng)詞后是否多介詞或副詞。(6)名詞性從句的連接詞和定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞。(7)句子成分殘缺(一般缺be動(dòng)詞)。(8)固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。(9)主謂一致、句子中的平行現(xiàn)象以及上下文中的一致現(xiàn)象。30 (10)表示肯定與否定、全部否定與部分否定、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、因果關(guān)系的詞是否用得恰當(dāng)，是否影響了句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 4復(fù)讀全文，消除疏忽。 做完后，應(yīng)把改正后的答案放在短文中去復(fù)讀一遍，一查是否通順恰當(dāng)，二查該加符號(hào)的地方是否用了該用的符號(hào)，以保證答題的準(zhǔn)確率。31 【體驗(yàn)高考】 此題要求改正所有短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷：如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾()；如有錯(cuò)誤(每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)，則按下列情況改正： 此行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。 此行缺一個(gè)詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。 此行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。 注意：原行沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的不要改。32 (2010全國(guó)卷)Christie was one of my best friend at high school. 76. _At that time, we often spend time together. 77. _Thank to her help, I made great progress in my 78. _study. Last year, she decided to study abroad. In 79. _33 other words, we would be separated for long time. 80. _Before her leaving off, I prepared a gift to show 81. _my best whishes to him. She said it was the best 82. _34 gift she has ever had. From then on, weve 83. _kept touch with each other through e-mails. I 84. _look forward to see her again in the near future. 85. _3576. friendfriendsone of 結(jié)構(gòu)中需加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。77. spendspent時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。78. ThankThanksthanks to 多虧。79. 。80. long前加afor a long time 固定表達(dá)。3681. 去掉offleave 的意思為“離開(kāi)”，而leave off的意思為“停止”。82. himher人稱使用錯(cuò)誤，通過(guò)句意可知。83. hashad時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。84. touch前加inkeep in touch 固定搭配。85. seeseeinglook forward to 后加doing。37 (2009全國(guó)卷)Hi Susan，Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your 76. _bike on time yesterday. I mean to give it 77. _back to you before four in the afternoon, and I 78. _was hold up on my way back. Just before I 79. _38 turned corner of Park Street, I happened to 80. _see an accident. A little girl was hurt and her 81. _mother needed help. So I helped them going to 82. _the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and 83. _a half hour and made sure that the girl was all 84. _right. When I got back, it were already 6 pm. I39 right. When I got back, it were already 6 pm. I 85. _hope you understand. Thank you! Li Ling 4076. 去掉toreturn sth. to sb.。77. meanmeant時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。78. andbut連詞使用錯(cuò)誤，通過(guò)句子意思可以判斷。79. holdheld被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，我被困住。80. turned后加the特指那個(gè)角落。81. 。 4182. goinggohelp sb. (to) do sth.。83. herethere副詞使用錯(cuò)誤，通過(guò)句意可知。84. hourhours一個(gè)半小時(shí)，所以用復(fù)數(shù)。85. werewas主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)it，所以用was。42 【強(qiáng)化演練】Helen is a twenty-years-old girl. She never had a job 76._before. Now she wanted get a job. So she went to meet 77._Mr. Black, the manager of the hotel. Mr. Black told 78._43 her it was getting very busily in the hotel in the evenings. 79._He asked her if she was interesting in a part-time job. 80._The girl said that she did. Then Mr. Black said she had 81._to work very faster and that she must be there at six 82._44 every afternoon and work from six to ten, Monday to 83._Friday. He offered her with 4.5 dollars an hour. Helen 84._pleased with the offer and decided to start work the next day. 85._ 4576. twenty-years-oldtwenty-year-old由“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞中名詞用單數(shù)。 77. wanted后加towant后跟帶to 的不定式。 78. 第一個(gè)theaMr. Black應(yīng)是酒店的一位經(jīng)理，表示泛指。79. busilybusy作動(dòng)詞get 后的表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞。80. interestinginterested應(yīng)為sb. be interested in sth. “對(duì)感興趣”。 4681. didwasthat后賓語(yǔ)從句為that she was interested in a part-time job. 故將did改為was。82. fasterfast根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)意可知沒(méi)有比較，所以改為原級(jí)。 83. 84. 去掉with應(yīng)為offer sb. sth. 不用介詞。85. pleased前加was此處pleased為形容詞，故前面加be, 構(gòu)成be pleased with “對(duì)滿意”。47 Dear Editor，Id like to tell you anything about the trouble I 76._was facing in buying furnitures. The other day, I ordered 77._a set of furniture at an furniture exhibition. Last week 78._they sent me the furniture. So I found the 79._48 colors and the sizes of some pieces were not what I had been 80._ordered. Whats worse, one leg of the desk is broken. 81._I asked them to take back the furniture and gave 82._back money, but they refused. I wrote to the 83._49 director of the factory but there was no answer. 84._I hope where you will publish my letter on the newspaper 85._and help me solve the problem. Yours， John5076. anything something在肯定句中用something。77. furnitures furniturefurniture是不可數(shù)名詞。 78. an aan 后的furniture第一個(gè)音發(fā)輔音。79. So But根據(jù)上下文邏輯應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系而非因果關(guān)系，所以So But。 5180. 去掉been根據(jù)句中邏輯應(yīng)是I 發(fā)出“訂購(gòu)”這一動(dòng)作，所以去掉been。 81. is was陳述過(guò)去存在的事實(shí)。故is was。82. gave give與前文的to take back the furniture并列作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故gave give。83. 在money 前加the或my 應(yīng)是退回我買家具的錢，故特指。84. 85. 去掉where或where thathope的賓語(yǔ)從句不缺成分。52 Dear Editor，I am a Senior 2 girl, for studying in the best 76._high school in my city. We had an American 77._teacher and I really want to speak to him. And 78._Im afraid of saying anything that might make 79._53him unhappily due to cultural differences. I am also 80._afraid when my classmates will laugh at me and 81._think I must mad about English. Can you help 82._me? What should I do to get along with this 83._foreign teacher and how can I make a good use 84._of his classes? Im badly in need of his advice. 85._ Mandy5476去掉for直接用v.-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。77hadhave全文均是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。78AndBut前后句應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。79anythingsomething這里是肯定的陳述句，根據(jù)邏輯應(yīng)用something才對(duì)。80unhappilyunhappy這里構(gòu)成“make sth.+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，只能用形容詞作賓語(yǔ)。5581whenthat或去掉when這里Im afraid后要用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。82must后加bemad 是形容詞，需加上系動(dòng)詞。83 84去掉amake good use of 是習(xí)慣表達(dá)，其中use是不可數(shù)名詞。85第二個(gè)hisyour這里是針對(duì)收信人說(shuō)的話，應(yīng)該用your。